Intra-Arterial Urokinase After Endovascular Reperfusion for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The POST-UK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Persisting or new thrombi in the distal arteries and the microcirculation have been reported to limit the benefits of successful endovascular thrombectomy for patients with acute ischemic stroke. It remains uncertain whether intra-arterial thrombolysis by urokinase following near-complete to complete reperfusion by thrombectomy improves outcomes among patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of intra-arterial urokinase after near-complete to complete reperfusion by thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Singlet fission in carotenoid dimers - the role of the exchange and dipolar interactions.

A theory of singlet fission in carotenoid dimers is presented which aims to explain the mechanism behind the creation of two uncorrelated triplets. Following the excitation of a carotenoid chain "bright" B+u state, there is ultrafast internal conversion to the intrachain "dark" 1B-u triplet-pair state. This strongly exchange-coupled state evolves into a pair of triplets on separate chains and spin-decoheres to form a pair of single, unentangled triplets, corresponding to complete singlet fission.

Real-World Evaluation of i-gel Introduction on Intraoperative Airway-Related Safety Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a New England Hospital Network.

Background: Several health care networks have fully adopted second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) i-gel. Real-world evidence of enhanced patient safety after such practice change is lacking. We hypothesized that the implementation of i-gel compared to the previous LMA®-Unique™ would be associated with a lower risk of airway-related safety events.

Automated characterisation of cerebral microbleeds using their size and spatial distribution on brain MRI.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small, hypointense hemosiderin deposits in the brain measuring 2-10 mm in diameter. As one of the important biomarkers of small vessel disease, they have been associated with various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence, automated detection, and subsequent extraction of clinically useful metrics (e.

Low-cost male urogenital simulator for penile implant surgery training: a 3D printing approach.

Background: Penile implant surgery is the standard surgical treatment for end-stage erectile dysfunction. However, the growing complexity of modern high-tech penile prostheses has increased the demand for more practical training opportunities. The most advanced contemporary training methods involve simulation training using cadavers, with costs exceeding $5,000 per cadaver, inclusive of biohazard fees.

What Do Mothers Know About Nutrition? Impacts on Childhood Nutrition Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of undernutrition is highest in the sub-Saharan African region with over a third of the world's stunted children residing in this region. Many studies have explored child nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, but they often overlook the intricate nuances of maternal knowledge. We examined the association between maternal nutritional knowledge and childhood nutritional outcomes.

Assessment of hard tissue changes after horizontal guided bone regeneration with the aid of deep learning CBCT segmentation.

Objectives: To investigate the performance of a deep learning (DL) model for segmenting cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken before and after mandibular horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) to evaluate hard tissue changes.

Materials And Methods: The proposed SegResNet-based DL model was trained on 70 CBCT scans. It was tested on 10 pairs of pre- and post-operative CBCT scans of patients who underwent mandibular horizontal GBR.

Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions in Improving Relationship Functioning Among Couples Coping With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: There is an increasing amount of literature acknowledging the significance of addressing the psychosocial impact of prostate cancer (PCa) on couples' relationship functioning and well-being. However, research on developing and evaluating psychological interventions for individuals and couples coping with PCa remains limited. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate and synthesise the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving the relationship functioning of couples affected by PCa and to identify the moderating role of several methodological characteristics of intervention studies.

HIV capsids: orchestrators of innate immune evasion, pathogenesis and pandemicity.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an exemplar virus, still the most studied and best understood and a model for mechanisms of viral replication, immune evasion and pathogenesis. In this review, we consider the earliest stages of HIV infection from transport of the virion contents through the cytoplasm to integration of the viral genome into host chromatin. We present a holistic model for the virus-host interaction during this pivotal stage of infection.

Unveiling the ghost: machine learning's impact on the landscape of virology.

The complexity and speed of evolution in viruses with RNA genomes makes predictive identification of variants with epidemic or pandemic potential challenging. In recent years, machine learning has become an increasingly capable technology for addressing this challenge, as advances in methods and computational power have dramatically improved the performance of models and led to their widespread adoption across industries and disciplines. Nascent applications of machine learning technology to virus research have now expanded, providing new tools for handling large-scale datasets and leading to a reshaping of existing workflows for phenotype prediction, phylogenetic analysis, drug discovery and more.

Insight into photocatalytic CO reduction on TiO-supported Cu nanorods: a DFT study on the reaction mechanism and selectivity.

Photoreduction of CO into hydrocarbons is a potential strategy for reducing atmospheric CO and effectively utilizing carbon resources. Cu-deposited TiO photocatalysts stand out in this area due to their good photocatalytic activity and potential methanol selectivity. However, the underlying mechanism and factors controlling product selectivity remain less understood.

Heart failure risk stratification using artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram images: a multinational study.

Background And Aims: Current heart failure (HF) risk stratification strategies require comprehensive clinical evaluation. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI) applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) images was examined as a strategy to predict HF risk.

Methods: Across multinational cohorts in the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS), UK Biobank (UKB), and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), individuals without baseline HF were followed for the first HF hospitalization.

Gender Differences in the Association Between Anxiety and Interoceptive Insight.

Anxiety is one of the most common and debilitating mental health disorders, and is related to changes in interoception (perception of bodily states). While anxiety is more prevalent in women than men, gender differences in interoception-anxiety associations are often overlooked. Here, we examined gender-specific relationships between anxiety and interoception in the breathing domain, utilising multicentre data pooled from four study sites (N = 175; 51% women).

Pharmacodynamics of NOSO-502 studied in vitro and in vivo: determination of the dominant pharmacodynamic index driver.

Background: NOSO-5O2 is the first clinical candidate of a new antimicrobial class-the odilorhabdins. The pharmacodynamics of NOSO-502 were studied in vitro and in vivo to establish the pharmacodynamic index (PDI) driver.

Methods: A dilutional pharmacokinetic system was used for in vitro experiments.

Temporal Trends in Hippocampal Sclerosis Surgery: An Observational Study From a Tertiary Epilepsy Centre.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a surgically remediable syndrome. We determined temporal trends in the prevalence of hippocampal sclerosis surgeries and related factors.

Methods: We analysed a prospective cohort of adults who underwent epilepsy surgery at the NHNN, London, between 1990 and 2019.

Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia.

Background: Cognitive stimulation (CS) is an intervention for people with dementia offering a range of enjoyable activities providing general stimulation for thinking, concentration and memory, usually in a social setting, such as a small group. CS is distinguished from other approaches such as cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation by its broad focus and social elements, aiming to improve domains such as quality of life (QoL) and mood as well as cognitive function. Recommended in various guidelines and widely implemented internationally, questions remain regarding different modes of delivery and the clinical significance of any benefits.

An in vivo CRISPR screen in chick embryos reveals a role for MLLT3 in specification of neural cells from the caudal epiblast.

Tissue development relies on the coordinated differentiation of stem cells in dynamically changing environments. The formation of the vertebrate neural tube from stem cells in the caudal lateral epiblast (CLE) is a well characterized example. Despite an understanding of the signalling pathways involved, the gene regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined.

Canonical Wnt signalling from the Area Opaca induces and maintains the Marginal Zone in pre-primitive-streak stage chick embryos.

In chick embryos prior to primitive streak formation, the outermost extraembryonic region, known as the area opaca (AO), was generally thought to act only by providing nutrients and mechanical support to the embryo. Just internal to the AO is a ring of epiblast called the marginal zone (MZ), separating the former from the inner, area pellucida epiblast. The MZ does not contribute cells to any part of the embryo but is involved in determining the position of primitive streak formation from the adjacent area pellucida epiblast.

Ultrasound and blind endometrial sampling for detection of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial sampling with histology in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium on ultrasound. Diagnosis will be verified by the reference standards, hysteroscopy with histology, obtained by targeted (such as grasp biopsy of the endometrium or resection of focal pathology) or global sampling (with dilation and curettage), and histology of hysterectomy specimens.

Surgery and minimally invasive treatments for uterine fibroids.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of surgery and minimally invasive treatments for uterine fibroids.

Ultra-early versus early surgery for hip fracture.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of ultra-early versus early surgery for hip fracture in adults.

Using evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (qualitative). The objectives are as follows: To explore the use of evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes. The specific research questions will include the following.

Presumed Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Neovascular Glaucoma: A Case Series.

Purpose: To describe a case series of presumed Sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO) triggered by diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

Methods: Patients developing bilateral granulomatous uveitis after CPC between 2014 and 2024. Cases with prior ocular trauma or penetrating ocular surgery were excluded.