Exploring the involvement of people with lived experience of mental disorders in co-developing outcome measures: a systematic review.

People with lived experience of mental health difficulties have highlighted that research outcomes do not capture issues they feel are important. This mismatch might affect the validity of trials, such that beneficial effects could be missed or results could be counted as a benefit when they are not. Co-development of patient-reported outcome measures ensures patient perspectives are captured adequately.

Comparative effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment strategies for relapse prevention in first-episode schizophrenia in Finland: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The best pharmacological treatment practices for relapse prevention in patients with first-episode schizophrenia are unclear. We aimed to assess different treatment strategies used before and after the first relapse, and their associations with subsequent relapse risk.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, we enrolled individuals (aged ≤45 years) with first-episode schizophrenia who were hospitalised and subsequently relapsed between 1996 and 2014 from the nationwide Finnish Hospital Discharge Register.

Patients' reasons for declining a primary care trial online therapy: a mixed methods study.

Background: Integrating therapist-led sessions and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) materials within one online platform may be effective for people with depression. A trial evaluating this mode of delivering CBT is being conducted. To maximize future trial recruitment and understand patients' views of health interventions, it is important to explore reasons for declining to participate.

Association of systemic inflammatory markers with white matter hyperintensities and microstructural injury: an analysis of UK Biobank data.

Background: White matter damage is closely associated with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and is prevalent in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD); although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in CSVD remain elusive, inflammation plays a crucial role. We sought to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and imaging markers of CVSD, namely white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and microstructural injury.

Methods: We conducted a study involving both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the UK Biobank Cohort.

Quantile regression of tobacco tax pass-through in the UK 2017-2021: how have manufacturers passed through tax changes for different tobacco products in small retailers? Analysis at the national level and by neighbourhood of deprivation.

Background: The effectiveness of tax increases in reducing tobacco consumption relies on the tobacco retailers and producers passing on increases to consumers (tax pass-through). Previous UK research on supermarkets found heterogeneous levels of tax pass-through across the market segments and price distribution of tobacco products. This study uses data from small retailers across the UK to assess whether recent tax changes have been passed on to consumers and if this varies across the price distribution, between countries of the UK and by neighbourhood deprivation.

The Ethics of Ozempic and Wegovy.

Semaglutide, sold under the brand names of Ozempic, Rybelsus and Wegovy, is one of the most popular drugs on the market. Manufactured by Novo Nordisk, semaglutide is the newest in a family of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists used most commonly to treat type II diabetes. To date, the results of semaglutide for the treatment of type II diabetes have been overwhelmingly positive.

Worldwide epidemiology of paediatric multiple sclerosis: data from the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS, third edition.

Background: Limited data are available on the global rates of paediatric multiple sclerosis. Here, we report on the estimated worldwide prevalence of paediatric MS.

Methods: We included paediatric prevalence data in 2020-2022 (Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS) and the prevalence of child neurologists (International Child Neurology Association).

How to make remote consultations safer.

The studyPayne R, Clarke A, Swann N, et al. Patient safety in remote primary care encounters: multimethod qualitative study combining Safety I and Safety II analysis. 2023;0:1-14.

Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound of the posterior fatpad in elbow fractures.

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can potentially be used in the triage of patients with elbow injuries. However, the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS performed by non-radiologists for the exclusion of elbow fractures is yet unknown. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of POCUS of the posterior fatpad performed by non-radiologists in the workup of adult patients presenting with elbow injuries.

Pharmacological preventions and treatments for pericardial complications after open heart surgeries.

Background: Pericardial complications following cardiac surgery are common and debilitating, significantly impacting patients' survival. We performed this network meta-analysis to identify the most effective and safest preventions and treatments for pericardial complications following cardiac surgery.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to 22 January 2024.

Understanding barriers to influenza vaccination among parents is important to improve vaccine uptake among children.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered public perceptions of vaccines, particularly among parents. In high-income countries like the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, factors such as misinformation, the expedited approval process of COVID-19 vaccines and unique local challenges have contributed to vaccine hesitancy, resulting in uneven uptake across various vaccination programs. Despite efforts like school-based influenza vaccination programs in the UK and free influenza vaccines in Australia, vaccination rates continue to decline.

Association of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as backbone. WHO recommends tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine as first line in pregnancy, and zidovudine, abacavir or tenofovir alafenamide, combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine, as alternatives.

Objectives: Evaluate risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving different NRTIs.