Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock: Inotropes, Vasopressors and Machines.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with significant mortality. Advances in pharmacological therapies and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices have markedly improved the therapeutic approach to CS, though treatment efficacy and safety vary. The recent DanGer shock trial showed a significant reduction in 6-month mortality for CS patients due to acute myocardial infarction.

What You Need to Know About: The Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of malignancy and is regularly seen on the general medicine take. Diagnosis of MPE is indicative of advanced or metastatic disease and carries a poor prognosis, with median survival ranging from 3 to 12 months. Despite recent advancements in systemic anti-cancer treatment, the goal of management in MPE remains the palliation of symptoms.

Outcome Measures for Sjögren Disease-Novel Developments and Further Needs.

Sjögren disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting both children and adults, with a wide range of clinical phenotypes. It remains a challenging condition to recognise and diagnose early and manage effectively. The heterogeneous nature of the presentation, variable disease course and overlapping symptoms with other autoimmune conditions often result in delayed diagnosis.

Locally Employed Doctors and International Medical Graduates in the NHS: Current and Evolving Trends.

Locally Employed Doctors (LEDs) are defined as any doctor below consultant grade, appointed within a UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust, who are not working within a national training scheme. They are a cohort significantly increasing in numbers. International Medical Graduates (IMGs) are overseas-qualified doctors who contribute to more than 30% of the workforce-related deficit in the number of UK-qualified doctors required to meet NHS requirements.

Characterization of post-ictal clinical signs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Post-ictal (PI) clinical signs are a key defining stage of seizure manifestation in dogs. However, this phase remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To further characterize PI signs and their relation to other parts of a seizure, and understand the owner's perception of how PI signs affect the quality of life (QOL) of the dog.

Survival of radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats that are euthyroid and hypothyroid after treatment, and effect of levothyroxine supplementation on survival time of cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism.

Background: Hyperthyroid cats that are azotemic and hypothyroid after surgical or medical treatment have poor outcomes, and supplementation with levothyroxine (LT4) improves survival. However, the effect of LT4 supplementation on survival of nonazotemic, hypothyroid radioiodine (RI)-treated hyperthyroid cats is unknown.

Hypothesis: Radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism or azotemia have shorter survival times than euthyroid, nonazotemic cats and supplementation of LT4 improves survival times of hypothyroid cats.

Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and outcome of neutropenia in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (2017-2022): 54 cases.

Objective: To report the occurrence of neutropenia in dogs with suspected acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) and to assess its association with survival. Secondary objectives were to assess whether neutropenia was associated with length of hospitalization, fulfillment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and whether SIRS status was associated with survival. Finally, the association of antimicrobial use with neutropenia, SIRS status, and survival was evaluated.

Conceptual and Evidence Update on Incidental Physical Activity: A Scoping Review of Experimental and Observational Studies.

Promoting incidental physical activity (IPA) can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity levels in the population. However, there is heterogeneity in the definition of IPA, and studies have yet to synthesize the empirical findings on this topic. This review aimed to (1) Synthesize the definitions of the IPA used in the scientific literature, (2) Identify the behaviors part of the IPA, and (3) Synthesize the main findings on IPA.

Electronic structure of norbornadiene and quadricyclane.

The ground and excited state electronic structure of the molecular photoswitches quadricyclane and norbornadiene is examined qualitatively and quantitatively. A new custom basis set is introduced, optimised for efficient yet accurate calculations. A number of advanced multi-configurational and multi-reference electronic structure methods are evaluated, identifying those sufficiently accurate and efficient to be used in on-the-fly simulations of photoexcited dynamics.

Thermally and Base-Triggered "Debond-on-Demand" Chain-Extended Polyurethane Adhesives.

A series of novel chain-extended polyurethanes (CEPUs) featuring degradable sulfonyl ethyl urethane chain-extenders that permit degradation under base-triggered conditions to afford "debond-on-demand" elastomeric adhesives are reported. Exposure of the CEPUs to -butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) triggered the degradation of the sulfonyl ethyl urethane chain-extenders. Lap shear adhesion tests of the CEPUs exposed to TBAF revealed reductions in shear strength of up to 65% for both aluminum and glass substrates, from 2.

Mixed-phase enabled high-rate copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

The advancement of rapid-response grid energy storage systems and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles are significantly hindered by the charging times and energy densities associated with current lithium-ion battery technology. In state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, graphite is employed as the standard negative electrode material. However, graphite suffers from polarization and deteriorating side-reactions at the high currents needed for fast charging.

Specific risks and outcomes of octogenarians post-lung cancer resection: our 5-year experience.

Background: An increasingly large proportion of patients undergoing curative surgery for lung cancer, are octogenarians. We evaluated our short and long-term survival and adverse outcomes after oncological lung resections.

Methods: Octogenarians undergoing anatomical resection for confirmed or suspected lung cancer at a single-centre between January 2016 and December 2021 were included.

Similar overall survivals of wedge resection and segmentectomy in stage IA1 non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based study using propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching.

Background: Controversy continues over the application of wedge resection and segmentectomy for the early stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without affecting long-term survival. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of wedge resection as an alternative to segmentectomy in patients with T1aN0M0 NSCLC with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods: A total of 742 patients with pT1aN0M0 NSCLC from the SEER database were finally involved in this study, including 130 patients in the segmentectomy group and 612 patients in the wedge resection group.

Drought Response in the Transcriptome and Ionome of Wild and Domesticated L. Sweet, an Underutilized Legume.

Hunger remains a prevalent issue worldwide, and with a changing climate, it is expected to become an even greater problem that our food systems are not adapted to. There is therefore a need to investigate strategies to fortify our foods and food systems. Underutilized crops are farmed regionally, are often adapted to stresses, including droughts, and have great nutritional profiles, potentially being key for food security.

Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown: How celebrity CEOs affect corporate social responsibility-An empirical study of Chinese listed firms.

This study examines the influence of celebrity Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Chinese listed firms in the A-share market from 2009 to 2020. We employ a multi-theoretical approach, drawing on upper echelons, impression management, and identity theories to explore several aspects of this topic. We find that celebrity CEOs are associated with better CSR engagement, suggesting that celebrity CEOs are likely to utilize CSR to strategically manage their impressions.

The Psychological Impact of Amblyopia Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to determine if a consensus could be reached on whether amblyopia treatment causes distress to patients and/or their guardians, and if so, establish the impact of this reported psychological distress upon paediatric patients and/or their parents/guardians.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted of all publications written in English. Search terms included both MeSH terms and alternatives related to amblyopia and psychological distress.

Humanizing processes after harm part 1: patient safety incident investigations, litigation and the experiences of those affected.

Background: There is a growing international policy focus on involving those affected by healthcare safety incidents, in subsequent investigations. Nonetheless, there remains little UK-based evidence exploring how this relates to the experiences of those affected over time, including the factors influencing decisions to litigate.

Aims: We aimed to explore the experiences of patients, families, staff and legal representatives affected by safety incidents over time, and the factors influencing decisions to litigate.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive hyperbranched polymers for controlled drug delivery.

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have drawn great interest in the biomedical field on account of their special morphology, low viscosity, self-regulation, and facile preparation methods. Moreover, their large intramolecular cavities, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeting properties render them very suitable for anti-tumor drug delivery. Recently, exploiting the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, a range of multifunctional HBPs responsive to the tumor microenvironment have emerged.

The Prevalence and Progression of Microvascular Complications and the Interaction With Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The reported estimates of prevalence and progression of DN and DR vary widely across studies. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the extent to which these variations in prevalence and progression of DN and DR may relate to different ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES).

Direct observation of small molecule activator binding to single PR65 protein.

The reactivation of heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through small molecule activators is of interest to therapeutic intervention due to its dysregulation, which is linked to chronic conditions. This study focuses on the PP2A scaffold subunit PR65 and a small molecule activator, ATUX-8385, designed to bind directly to this subunit. Using a label-free single-molecule approach with nanoaperture optical tweezers (NOT), we quantify its binding, obtaining a dissociation constant of 13.

Examining the prevention approach in National Dementia Plans from European and North American countries.

Objectives: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of National Dementia Plans (NDPs) from selected European and North American countries, focusing on the distinct prevention strategies outlined and the approaches employed for reducing dementia risk.

Method: The sample consisted of 16 NDPs from Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. These NDPs were retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) database, with regular updates checked on official governmental websites.

The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing problematic substance use, mental ill health, and housing instability in people experiencing homelessness in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adults experiencing homelessness in high income countries often also face issues of problematic substance use, mental ill health, in addition to housing instability, so it is important to understand what interventions might help address these issues. While there is growing evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the general population, limited evidence exists specifically for those experiencing homelessness.

Objectives: To summarise the existing evidence of whether psychosocial interventions work in reducing problematic substance use, mental ill health, and housing instability for adults experiencing homelessness in high income countries.

A transdisciplinary, comparative analysis reveals key risks from Arctic permafrost thaw.

Permafrost thaw poses diverse risks to Arctic environments and livelihoods. Understanding the effects of permafrost thaw is vital for informed policymaking and adaptation efforts. Here, we present the consolidated findings of a risk analysis spanning four study regions: Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway), the Avannaata municipality (Greenland), the Beaufort Sea region and the Mackenzie River Delta (Canada) and the Bulunskiy District of the Sakha Republic (Russia).

A new method for concomitant evaluation of drug combinations for their antimicrobial properties.

Microbial pathogens have developed resistance mechanisms to almost every antibiotic available. There is a need to synthesize or screen new natural compounds to combat the development of drug-resistant pathogens. One of the commonly used methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two or more antibiotics involves a checkerboard assay, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive.