Delirium prevention in hospices: Opportunities and limitations - A focused ethnography.

Background: Delirium is common and distressing for hospice in-patients. Hospital-based research shows delirium may be prevented by targeting its risk factors. Many preventative strategies address patients' fundamental care needs.

Contemporary management of phyllodes tumours of the breast: proposal for recommendations from the UK Association of Breast Surgery.

Phyllodes tumours of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms classified histologically into benign, borderline, or malignant; each requiring different treatment strategies. The infrequency of presentation can result in diagnostic and management variability. The aim is to provide evidence-based or expert consensus recommendations for multidisciplinary teams managing patients with phyllodes tumours.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

Mandibular Reconstruction With a Patient-Specific Implant Following Surgical Excision of an Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma in a Dog.

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) is an invasive benign epithelial odontogenic tumour most commonly affecting the mandible of large breed dogs. To the author's knowledge, this report describes the first computer-aided design patient-specific implant (PSI) that has been placed for a critical sized bone defect in mandibular reconstruction of a dog in the UK. The aim was to restore mandibular stability using a regenerative approach combining a titanium locking plate and compression-resistant matrix infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to bridge the 85 mm mandibular defect created by a segmental mandibulectomy.

Pharmacokinetic characterization and exposure-response relationship of crovalimab in the COMMODORE 1, 2 and 3 and COMPOSER trials of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Aims: Crovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor administered first intravenously and then subcutaneously in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) naive to complement inhibition or switching from eculizumab or ravulizumab. Crovalimab showed efficacy and safety comparable to eculizumab in the pivotal COMMODORE 2 and supporting studies.

Methods: We characterized crovalimab pharmacokinetics and the relationship between exposure pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, efficacy and safety endpoints using pooled data (healthy volunteers [n = 9], naive [n = 210] and switched [n = 211] patients).

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Antenatal Screening for Major Structural Anomalies During the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Decision Model.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of modifying current antenatal screening by adding first trimester structural anomaly screening to standard of care second trimester anomaly screening.

Design: Health economic decision model.

Setting: National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales.

Evolution of branched peptides as novel biomaterials.

Branched peptide-based materials draw inspiration from dendritic structures to emulate the complex architecture of native tissues, aiming to enhance the performance of biomaterials in medical applications. These innovative materials benefit from several key features: they exhibit slower degradation rates, greater stiffness, and the ability to self-assemble. These properties are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the materials over time.

Analysis of the contractile work of a single cardiomyocyte by atomic force microscopy.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used for the imaging and characterization of biological cells because of its nanoscale spatial resolution and force resolution. However, in the previous studies, the inability to effectively detect the contractile work of cardiomyocytes and the 3D dynamic expressions of their contraction and relaxation behaviors posed significant challenges. Therefore, this work presents a method for the analysis of the contractile work of a single cardiomyocyte by AFM.

Correction: From photocatalysis to photon-phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products.

Correction for 'From photocatalysis to photon-phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products' by Hui Wang , , 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00551a.

Comparing to three other enteric pathogens in OligoMM mice reveals pathogen-specific host and microbiota responses.

, non-typhoidal spp., and enteropathogenic/enterohemorrhagic (EPEC/EHEC) are leading causes of food-borne illness worldwide. has been used to model EPEC and EHEC infection in mice.

A probabilistic approach to estimating timber harvest location.

Determining the harvest location of timber is crucial to enforcing international regulations designed to protect natural resources and to tackle illegal logging and associated trade in forest products. Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) can be used to verify claims of timber harvest location by matching levels of naturally occurring stable isotopes within wood tissue to location-specific ratios predicted from reference data ("isoscapes"). However, overly simple models for predicting isoscapes have so far limited the confidence in derived predictions of timber provenance.

Comparative performance of risk prediction indices for mortality or readmission following heart failure hospitalization.

Aims: Risk prediction indices used in worsening heart failure (HF) vary in complexity, performance, and the type of datasets in which they were validated. We compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods And Results: We assessed the performance of the Length of stay and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LE), Length of stay, number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months, and admission N-Terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP (LENT), Length of stay, Acuity, Charlson co-morbidity index, and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LACE), Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG), Readmission Risk Score (RRS), Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment model (EFFECT), and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk indices among consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and discharged alive from January 2017 to December 2019 in a network of hospitals in England.

Effects of upper extremity blood flow restriction training on muscle strength and hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFRT) has been shown to improve muscle strength and hypertrophic function. The effect of LL-BFRT on lower extremity muscle improvement has been widely discussed. However, no studies have discussed the effect of this training method on the upper extremity muscles until now.

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based radiomic features for EGFR mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: a meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based radiomic features for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for studies published up to April 30, 2024. We included those studies that utilized MRI-based radiomic features to detect EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients with brain metastases.

Assessing UK patients' knowledge of anaesthetists and anaesthesia.

Background: Previous UK studies found that only 50-67% of patients are aware that anaesthetists are qualified doctors, and public knowledge of anaesthetists' roles was poor. This study aimed to assess patients' knowledge of anaesthetists and anaesthesia, to identify if there has been any improvement over the past two decades. A secondary aim was to determine if exposure to anaesthetists during day case surgery improved patient knowledge.

Quantifying the diverse contributions of hierarchical muscle interactions to motor function.

The muscle synergy concept suggests that the human motor system is organized into functional modules composed of muscles "" toward common task goals. This study offers a nuanced computational perspective to muscle synergies, where muscles interacting across multiple scales have functionally similar, complementary, and independent roles. Making this viewpoint implicit to a methodological approach applying Partial Information Decomposition to large-scale muscle activations, we unveiled nested networks of functionally diverse inter- and intramuscular interactions with distinct functional consequences on task performance.

Connectional differences between humans and macaques in the MT+ complex.

MT+ is pivotal in the dorsal visual stream, encoding tool-use characteristics such as motion speed and direction. Despite its conservation between humans and monkeys, differences in MT+ spatial location and organization may lead to divergent, yet unexplored, connectivity patterns and functional characteristics. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we examined the structural connectivity of MT+ subregions in macaques and humans.

Algorithmic profiling as a source of hermeneutical injustice.

It is well-established that algorithms can be instruments of injustice. It is less frequently discussed, however, how current modes of AI deployment often make the very discovery of injustice difficult, if not impossible. In this article, we focus on the effects of algorithmic profiling on epistemic agency.

Navigating the wild west: a review of guidance on clinical communications using personal BYOD, IM and third-party apps in the UK and Ireland.

Introduction: The ubiquity of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) personal smartphones, Instant Messaging (IM), and third-party apps, has made these technologies compelling for efficient communications between clinicians regarding patient care. However, the sensitivity of patient-related information necessitates secure, GDPR compliant modalities that prevent unauthorised access and ensure confidentiality. This scoping review explores existing guidelines, policies, and regulations that advise clinicians in the UK and Ireland on the secure use of these digital communication tools.

Association between penicillin allergy labels and serious adverse events in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To date, several studies have demonstrated that erroneous labeling of Penicillin allergy (PAL) can significantly impact treatment options and result in adverse clinical outcomes, while other studies have reported no negative effects. Therefore, to systematically evaluate these effects and investigate the association between adverse clinical outcomes and the Penicillin label, we conducted this meta-analysis.

Method: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to 13 July 2024.

Critical appraisal of methodological quality and completeness of reporting in Chinese social science systematic reviews with meta-analysis: A systematic review.

Background: A systematic review is a type of literature review that uses rigorous methods to synthesize evidence from multiple studies on a specific topic. It is widely used in academia, including medical and social science research. Social science is an academic discipline that focuses on human behaviour and society.

Co-designing a film showcasing the dental experiences of community returners (ex-offenders).

Background: The oral health of over 90,000 individuals in UK prisons is four times worse than the general population. A recent scoping review on the oral health of prisoners inside the justice system highlighted the lack of research about what happens when they transition out of prison to become community returners.

Objectives: To co-design a film to showcase the dental experiences of community returners before and after they transition out of prison, change perceptions and inform oral health research priorities.