PPA2-associated cardiac arrest survivor.

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 (PPA2) gene are a rare but established cause of sudden infant death, which may be precipitated by a pyrexial or viral illness. It has also been associated with sudden death secondary to alcohol ingestion in young adults. We describe the case of a thirteen-month-old female who presented following out-of- hospital cardiac arrest and was subsequently diagnosed with compound, heterozygous pathogenic variants of PPA2.

Cost-effectiveness of semaglutide in people with obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes.

AimsThe cardioprotective effects of semaglutide 2.4 mg reported in the SELECT cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03574597) provide clinical benefit for subjects with overweight or obesity and established CV disease without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

US general population food allergy treatment preferences: a discrete choice experiment.

Objective: To quantify treatment preferences for food allergy management options (oral immunotherapy, biologic therapy, and allergen avoidance), overall and by sociodemographic strata.

Methods: A US general population (≥13 years) discrete choice experiment (DCE) conducted comprised of 12 treatment-feature focused DCE choice sets; the Intolerance of Uncertainty─12 Scale (IUS-12); and clinical/demographic questions. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted overall and by age, income, urbanization, educational attainment, food and other sociodemographic factors, and presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Transfusion in trauma: empiric or guided therapy?

A state of the art lecture titled "Transfusion therapy in trauma-what to give? Empiric vs guided" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress in 2024. Uncontrolled bleeding is the commonest preventable cause of death after traumatic injury. Hemostatic resuscitation is the foundation of contemporary transfusion practice for traumatic bleeding and has 2 main aims: to immediately support the circulating blood volume and to treat/prevent the associated trauma-induced coagulopathy.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Long COVID: Mapping the Condition-Specific C19-YRSm Measure Onto the EQ-5D-5L.

Background: Long COVID (LC) is a clinical syndrome with persistent, fluctuating symptoms subsequent to COVID-19 infection. LC has significant detrimental effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), activities of daily living (ADL), and work productivity. Condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as the modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) do not provide the health utility data required for cost-utility analyses of LC interventions.

Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The prevalence of long COVID among cancer patients remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long COVID and explore potential risk factors among cancer patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from database inception until 21 March 2024, to identify studies that reported long COVID in cancer patients.

Different surgical methods of hysterectomy for the management of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Emerging surgical methods are utilized to treat endometrial cancer. The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of four common surgical methods of hysterectomy.

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science from their inception until April 30, 2024.

First-line treatment for advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Several head-to-head meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of different first-line treatments in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (M+) advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation encompassing multiple treatment strategies. Our objective is to conduct a network meta-analysis that includes various treatment modalities, enabling both direct and indirect comparisons for a more thorough assessment.

Exploring the use of a dance-based exergame to enhance autistic children's social communication skills in the home and school environments: a feasibility study.

Autistic individuals often display social-communicative differences affecting aspects of daily living. The present study assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of a dance-based exergame for enhancing autistic children's social-communication skills. A mixed method, within-subject, pre-test/post-test study design was employed.

Erratum to Correct Errors in Text.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.17925/HI.2024.

Regulating community well-being through traditional mourning rituals: Insights from the Luhya People of Kenya.

Background And Objectives: Rituals have been reported to serve as a vital mechanism for expressing grief and fostering communal support worldwide. Despite these benefits, use of rituals in Indigenous communities is threatened by missionization, globalization, and westernization. This study sought to examine the relevance of traditional mourning rituals in community morality and well-being.

Oral medications for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; a systematic review of studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a complex form of dysautonomia that presents with abnormal autonomic reflexes upon standing, leading to symptoms such as lightheadedness, tachycardia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to POTS due to its overlap with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Studies have found that a substantial percentage of COVID-19 survivors exhibit symptoms resembling POTS, elevating POTS diagnoses to previously unseen levels.

Evaluating plasma biomarkers NfL, GFAP, GDF15, and FGF21 as indicators of disease severity in Charcot-Marie Tooth patients.

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a slowly advancing hereditary nerve disorder, presents a significant challenge in the medical field. Effective drugs for treatment are lacking, and we struggle to find sensitive markers to track the disease's severity and progression. In this study, our objective was to investigate the levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in individuals with CMT and to compare them to a control group.

Predictive value of lymphocyte-associated inflammation index in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The predictive role of the lymphocyte-associated inflammation index in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis to update the evidence.

Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Activation and Catalysis of Methane over Metal-Organic Framework Materials.

Methane (CH), which is the main component of natural gas, is an abundant and widely available carbon resource. However, CH has a low energy density of only 36 kJ L under ambient conditions, which is significantly lower than that of gasoline (. 34 MJ L).

Risk prediction models for depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Risk prediction models for depression in patients with coronary heart disease are increasingly being developed. However, the quality and applicability of these models in clinical practice remain uncertain.

Objective: To systematically evaluate depression risk prediction models in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Early life adverse environmental, nutrition and infection factors are associated with lower developmental scores in Pakistani children at 5 years: a cohort study.

Background: The effects of multiple early adverse psychosocial and biological factors on child development at preschool age in deprived settings are not fully understood.

Methods: The 'Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development' (MAL-ED) project followed children from eight countries, recording sociodemographic, nutritional, illness, enteroinfection biomarkers and scores for quality of home environment (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)), development (Bayley) and maternal depression during the first year of life. In the Pakistan cohort, we investigated associations of these early factors with Z-scores (derived from the eight participating countries) of three developmental outcomes at 5 years: Executive Functions (Z-EF), the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale for Intelligence (Z-WPPSI) and the externalising behaviours component of the Strength and Difficulties test (Z-externalising behaviours).

COVID-19's impact on food environment in the Indian states of Telangana, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Punjab: a descriptive qualitative study to build further research in India's food environment resilience building.

Background And Aim: Globally, COVID-19 has had a profound impact on food and nutrition security. This paper aims to gather the perspective from Transforming India's Green Revolution by Research and Empowerment for Sustainable food Supplies (TIGR2ESS) Flagship Project 6 (FP-6) team on the impact of COVID-19 on the food systems in India. The responses collected will be used for further research projects after TIGR2ESS ends in March 2022.

Nutrition Users' Guides: RCTs Part 2 - structured guide for interpreting and applying study results from randomised controlled trials on therapy or prevention questions.

This article continues from a prior commentary on evaluating the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials addressing nutritional interventions. Having provided a synopsis of the risk of bias issues, we now address how to understand trial results, including the interpretation of best estimates of effect and the corresponding precision (eg, 95% CIs), as well as the applicability of the evidence to patients based on their unique circumstances (eg, patients' values and preferences when trading off potential desirable and undesirable health outcomes and indicators (eg, cholesterol), and the potential burden and cost of an intervention). Authors can express the estimates of effect for health outcomes and indicators in relative terms (relative risks, relative risk reductions, OR or HRs)-measures that are generally consistent across populations-and absolute terms (risk differences)-measures that are more intuitive to clinicians and patients.

Metabolomics-based treatment for chronic diseases: results from a multidisciplinary clinical study.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, significantly impact patients' quality of life (QoL) and increase medical expenses. The majority of risk factors are modifiable, and metabolomics has been suggested as a promising strategy for their evaluation, though real-world data are scarce. This study evaluated the QoL improvement and cost-effectiveness of a metabolomics-based treatment for NCDs, aiming to restore metabolic dysfunctions and nutritional deficiencies.

Genetically predicted brain cortical structure mediates the causality between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment.

Background: Insulin resistance is tightly related to cognition; however, the causal association between them remains a matter of debate. Our investigation aims to establish the causal relationship and direction between insulin resistance and cognition, while also quantifying the mediating role of brain cortical structure in this association.

Methods: The publicly available data sources for insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment beta-cell function and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, proinsulin), brain cortical structure, and cognitive phenotypes (visual memory, reaction time) were obtained from the MAGIC, ENIGMA, and UK Biobank datasets, respectively.

Optimizing Superhydrophobic Coatings: The Role of Catalysts, Additives, and Composition on UV and Thermal Stability of Inverse Vulcanization Polymers.

Inverse vulcanization (IV) enables the production of sustainable polymer from sulfur waste, offering hydrophobic, fluorine-free, and superhydrophobic coatings. However, these materials need adhesion improvements for enhanced durability. This study has developed an epoxy-, fluorine-, and metal-free superhydrophobic coating using the spray-coating of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), silica nanoparticles, and IV polymers on glass.

Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE): Science and Mission Overview.

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) was proposed to the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) following a joint call for science missions issued in January 2015. SMILE was proposed by a team of European and Chinese scientists, led by two mission Co-PIs, one from China and one from Europe. SMILE was selected in June 2015, and its budget adopted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in November 2016 and the ESA Science Programme Committee in March 2019, respectively.