Mild acute biliary pancreatitis: still a surgical disease. A post-hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study.

Background: The current standard of care for mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP) involves early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to reduce the risk of recurrence. The MANCTRA-1 project revealed a knowledge-to-action gap and higher recurrence rates in patients admitted to medical wards, attributable to fewer ELCs being performed. The project estimated a 35% to 70% probability of narrowing this gap by 2025.

Heterogeneity in definitions of surgical site infection after cranial surgery limits the validity of research findings in neurosurgery: a systematic review.

Surgical site infections after cranial surgery (SSI-CRAN) are serious adverse events considering the vicinity of the wound to the central nervous system. Variability in outcome definitions can hinder the ability to produce reliable evidence. This systematic review aimed to investigate whether there is variation in SSI-CRAN definitions across studies and its impact on the identification of effective treatments for patients after cranial surgery.

Using artificial neural networks to explain the attraction of jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to colored traps.

Jewel beetles pose significant threats to forestry, and effective traps are needed to monitor and manage them. Green traps often catch more beetles, but purple traps catch a greater proportion of females. Understanding the function and mechanism of this behavior can provide a rationale for trap optimization.

Sofosbuvir as post-exposure prophylaxis for yellow fever-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD).

Objectives: Yellow fever-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) is a rare but serious complication arising from administration of live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine to individuals with risk factors such as thymectomy. At present there is no evidence-based treatment, and case fatality rates are high. Sofosbuvir, an NS5B nucleotide inhibitor, has activity against yellow fever virus in vitro and in vivo.

Breaking down global barriers: A multinational and multi-community approach to combat stigma and enhance mental wellbeing in people with HIV.

Introduction: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Global 2025 targets prioritize action to overcome the collective barriers affecting the people and communities sitting on the outer margins of HIV care. Addressing the social and structural disparities that drive greater HIV prevalence and burden requires well-resourced, community-led responses that are fully integrated into national and global HIV initiatives.

Methods: The HIV Community Council (HCC), composed of 10 leaders from diverse global communities, convened to share their insights, amplify the community's voice, and identify barriers and solutions to empower all to live well with HIV through a dynamic, stepwise process of preparative work, deep discussion, prioritization, and consensus.

Global collaborations to change the paradigm of oral health education and care: 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium, Proceedings.

The 2024 ADEA Annual Session Chair of the Board Symposium titled, Global Collaborations to Change the Paradigm in Oral Health Education and Care, aimed to highlight innovative global education models in oral health. The symposium sought to identify and explore opportunities for collaboration with international partners to ensure sustainable healthcare education to improve the oral health workforce. Additionally, it focused on discovering and adapting innovative solutions and best practices to enhance access to oral health services worldwide.

Recreating Silk's Fibrillar Nanostructure by Spinning Solubilized, Undegummed Silk.

The remarkable toughness (>70 MJ m) of silkworm silk is largely attributed to its hierarchically arranged nanofibrillar nanostructure. Recreating such tough fibers through artificial spinning is often challenging, in part because degummed, dissolved silk is drastically different to the unspun native feedstock found in the spinning gland. The present work demonstrates a method to dissolve silk without degumming to produce a solution containing undegraded fibroin and sericin.

Strong Association of Autoantibodies Targeting Deamidated Extracellular Epitopes of Insulinoma Antigen-2 (IA-2) with Clinical Onset of Type 1 Diabetes.

Increasing evidence shows that pathogenic T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) that may have evaded negative selection recognize post-translational modified (PTM) epitopes of self-antigens. We have investigated the profiles of autoantibodies specifically targeting the deamidated epitopes of insulinoma antigen-2 extracellular domain (IA-2ec) to explore their relationship with T1D development. We compared the characteristics of autoantibodies targeting the IA-2ec Q>E epitopes (PTM IA-2ecA) as well as those targeting the IA-2ec unmodified epitopes (IA-2ecA) in participants across different stages of T1D development and in individuals with other types of diabetes and other kinds of autoimmunity.

Imaging-based method to quantify left ventricular diastolic pressures.

Aim: To establish an imaging-based method to quantify left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressures.

Methods/results: In 115 patients suspected of coronary artery disease, LV pressure was measured by micromanometers and images by echocardiography. LV filling pressure was measured as LV pre-atrial contraction pressure (pre-A PLV).

Ancient reticulation, incomplete lineage sorting and the evolution of the pyrenoid at the dawn of hornwort diversification.

Background And Aims: Resolving the phylogeny of hornworts is critical in understanding the evolution of key morphological characters that are unique to the group, including the pyrenoid. Extensive phylogenomic analyses have revealed unexpected complexities in the placement of Leiosporoceros, the previously identified sister taxon to other hornworts. We explore the role of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and ancient reticulation in resolving interrelationships and comprehending the diversification and evolutionary processes within hornworts.

A Highly Sensitive Triple Quad LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Bexicaserin (LP352) in Human Plasma and Urine Matrices.

Bexicaserin is a highly selective agonist at the 5-HT receptor in clinical development for the treatment of seizures associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We report an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative estimation of bexicaserin in human plasma and urine. The sample preparation involves the extraction of bexicaserin and internal standard (CD-bexicaserin; IS) from 150 μL plasma and 50 μL urine using a solid phase extraction method.

Radical-cation salts of BEDT-TTF with tris-coordinated racemic dysprosium(III) and terbium(III) anions.

This paper reports the synthesis, crystal structures and conducting properties of the first BEDT-TTF radical-cation salts with symmetry tris-coordinated racemic lanthanide(III) anions. It is also the first crystallographic determination of the nine-coordinate tris(chelidonato)terbate and tris(chelidonato)dysprosate anions (chelidonic acid = clo = 4-oxo-4-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid). Salt α-(BEDT-TTF)M(chelidonato)·EtOH·2HO is semimetallic for M = Tb, and semiconducting for M = Dy.

Differences in Perceived Versus Actual Sensory Perception in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Background: Individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) self-report heightened sensitivity to taste and smell, but neither phenomenon has been systematically explored in the laboratory. We hypothesized that, compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 34), children, adolescents, and adults with full/subthreshold ARFID (n = 100; ages 9 to 23 years) would self-report heightened response to taste/smell stimuli and exhibit stronger bitter taste perception and heightened smell perception in performance-based tasks, and these differences would be especially prominent in those with the ARFID-sensory sensitivity presentation.

Method: We measured self-reported sensitivity to taste/smell with the adolescent/adult sensory profile (AASP).

Ultra-Fast Moisture Sensor for Respiratory Cycle Monitoring and Non-Contact Sensing Applications.

As human-machine interface hardware advances, better sensors are required to detect signals from different stimuli. Among numerous technologies, humidity sensors are critical for applications across different sectors, including environmental monitoring, food production, agriculture, and healthcare. Current humidity sensors rely on materials that absorb moisture, which can take some time to equilibrate with the surrounding environment, thus slowing their temporal response and limiting their applications.

Safety and performance of a novel synthetic biomimetic scaffold for iliac crest defect reconstruction during surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain: a first-in-human trial.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) involves arthrodesis of sacroiliac (SI) and pubic symphysis joints. Fusion of pubic symphysis involves the implantation of an autologous iliac crest tricortical graft harvested from the iliac crest. The objective was to assess the safety of a novel synthetic graft substitute (b.

A generative model for inorganic materials design.

The design of functional materials with desired properties is essential in driving technological advances in areas like energy storage, catalysis, and carbon capture. Generative models provide a new paradigm for materials design by directly generating novel materials given desired property constraints, but current methods have low success rate in proposing stable crystals or can only satisfy a limited set of property constraints . Here, we present MatterGen, a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.

Chemistry, manufacturing and controls strategies for using novel excipients in lipid nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for nucleic acid delivery often use novel lipids as functional excipients to modulate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of the nucleic acid. Novel excipients used in pharmaceutical products are subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny and often require data packages comparable to an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Although these regulatory requirements may help to ensure patient safety they also create economic and procedural barriers that can disincentivize innovation and delay clinical investigation.

Tests for diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal birth.

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of PPH can prevent adverse outcomes by enabling early treatment.

Objectives: What is the accuracy of methods (index tests) for diagnosing primary PPH (blood loss ≥ 500 mL in the first 24 hours after birth) and severe primary PPH (blood loss ≥ 1000 mL in the first 24 hours after birth) (target conditions) in women giving birth vaginally (participants) compared to weighed blood loss measurement or other objective measurements of blood loss (reference standards)?

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.

Polar mesospheric ozone loss initiates downward coupling of solar signal in the Northern Hemisphere.

Solar driven energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is an important factor in polar atmospheric ozone balance and has been linked to ground-level regional climate variability. However, the linking mechanism has remained ambiguous. The observed and simulated ground-level changes start well before the processes from the main candidate, the so-called EPP-indirect effect, would start.

Promoting effective transitions: Primary school social-emotional competencies predict secondary school reading and numeracy achievement.

Background: The transition from primary to secondary school presents a challenging developmental milestone which often marks a decline in academic performance. Social-emotional skills are recognized as fundamental to academic success but longitudinal research is needed to determine the extent of their association over this transition period.

Aim: This study sought to determine the association between self-reported social-emotional competencies of students in their final year of primary school (Year 6; age ~11 years) and reading and numeracy performance in their first year of secondary school (Year 7; age ~12 years).

Association of classroom-level stressors with psychological distress in teachers.

Background: Poor mental health is highly prevalent among schoolteachers. Different occupational, contextual and personal factors have been identified as sources of their psychological distress.

Aims: To explore the association of classroom-level variables with teachers' mental health over the course of an academic year.

The bright and dark side of blue-enriched light on sleep and activity in older adults.

Low indoor light in urban housing can disrupt health and wellbeing, especially in older adults who experience reduced light sensitivity and sleep/circadian disruptions with natural aging. While controlled studies suggest that enhancing indoor lighting may alleviate the negative effects of reduced light sensitivity, evidence for this to be effective in the real world is lacking. This study investigates the effects of two light conditions on actigraphic rest-activity rhythms and subjective sleep in healthy older adults (≥ 60 years) living at home.

Targeting Oestrogen Receptor Signalling in Breast Cancer Therapy.

There has been over 130 years of research into the treatment of breast cancer using approaches that target oestrogen receptor signalling. Here, we summarise the development of the key pillars of such endocrine therapy, namely, oestrogen deprivation, achieved through ovarian suppression and/or aromatase inhibition, and oestrogen receptor blockade, through selective oestrogen receptor modulators, downregulators and novel compounds entering early phase development. The translation of these compounds from advanced to early breast cancer settings is discussed with a focus on the placebo-controlled breast cancer prevention studies to most accurately describe the side effect profiles of the main approaches.