Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in Children and Adolescents with Perinatally Acquired HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to define the neuropsychiatric challenges including developmental delay, cognitive impairment and psychiatric illness faced by children with perinatally acquired HIV.

Data Sources: Nine databases were searched on 30/05/2023: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO (all via Ovid SP); CINAHL and Child Development and Adolescent Studies (via EBSCO); the Web of Science Core Collection; Scopus; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global; and WHO Global Index Medicus. No limits were applied.

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Electrocardiography for Prediction of Incident Hypertension.

Importance: Hypertension underpins significant global morbidity and mortality. Early lifestyle intervention and treatment are effective in reducing adverse outcomes. Artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography (AI-ECG) has been shown to identify a broad spectrum of subclinical disease and may be useful for predicting incident hypertension.

Effects of water and sediment chemistry variables on aquatic macroinvertebrate community structuring in a subtropical Austral river system.

Riverine physical and chemical characteristics are influencing ecosystem integrity while shaping and impacting species richness and diversity. Changes in these factors could potentially influence community structuring through competition, predation and localised species extinctions. In this study, eight sampling sites over multiple seasons were assessed along the streams draining the City of Nelspruit, South Africa, to examine river health based on water and sediment quality, while using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators for pollution.

Water quality assessment of Johor River Basin, Malaysia, using multivariate analysis and spatial interpolation method.

In the Johor River Basin, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on 24 water environmental parameters across 33 sampling sites over 3 years, encompassing both dry and wet seasons. A total of 396 water samples were collected and analyzed to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI). To further assess water quality and pinpoint potential pollution sources, multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), alongside spatial analysis using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, were employed.

Using the Conserved Hexapeptide in HOX Proteins as an Antagonist of HOX/PBX Interactions.

The HOX and PBX genes encode transcription factors that have key roles in development and cancer, both independently and as a heterodimer within a complex of proteins that recognizes specific sequences in DNA and can both activate and repress transcription of target genes. Due to functional redundancy amongst HOX proteins, knock down or knock out studies of individual genes often do not result in an altered phenotype. An alternative approach is to target the interaction between HOX and PBX proteins, which is dependent on a conserved hexapeptide region within HOX.

Dialogical and Relational Taster Training (DARTT): Service User, Carer & Public Perception.

In response to the paucity of training in therapeutic relationships and relational care for mental health clinicians, a new three-day training programme has been developed called Compassionate and Relational Enquiry (CARE). A condensed version of this training was recently delivered to mental health service users, carers and the public during a one-day online taster session- named Dialogical And Relational Taster Training (DARTT) - to understand their perception of this training programme. 21 people took part in this taster training day and subsequently completed a survey about their impression of different elements of the training.

Artificial intelligence-based cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification in women affected by autoimmune disorders: a narrative survey.

Women are disproportionately affected by chronic autoimmune diseases (AD) like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's syndrome. Traditional evaluations often underestimate the associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke risk in women having AD. Vitamin D deficiency increases susceptibility to these conditions.

A study on antimicrobial activity of lysine-like peptoids for the development of new antimicrobials.

The development of new medicines with unique methods of antimicrobial action is desperately needed due to the emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, antimicrobial peptoids have emerged as potential new antimicrobials. Thirteen peptoid analogues have been designed and synthesized via solid phase synthesis.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: a new potential human pathogen found in the ciliate Paramecium bursaria.

Ciliates often form symbiotic associations with other microorganisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. We are now starting to rediscover the symbiotic systems recorded before molecular analysis became available. Here, we provide a morphological and molecular characterization of a symbiotic association between the ciliate Paramecium tritobursaria and the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (syn.

Diterpene chemical space of Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq. aerial part.

The Plectranthinae clade, which includes genera such as Plectranthus, Ocimum, and Aeollanthus, is well known for its diverse array of diterpenoids. While numerous studies have deepened the understanding of diterpene diversity across the clade, Aeollanthus species remain underexplored, with only two studies focusing on their diterpene profiles. The NMR-based chemical profiling of the EtOAc leaf extract of the rocky and succulent species Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq.

NADPH-Independent Fluorescent Probe for Live-Cell Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation on the consumption of NADPH and molecular oxygen. As an inducible enzyme, HO-1 is highly induced in various disease states, including cancer. Currently, two fluorescent probes for HO-1 have been designed based on the catalytic activity of HO-1, in which the probes serve as a substrate, so NADPH is required to enable the detection.

Outcomes and Impact of Device Iterations in Mitral Valve Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: The REPAIR Study.

Background: The PASCAL P10 system for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has undergone iterations, including introduction of the narrower Ace implant and the Precision delivery system.

Objectives: The study sought to evaluate outcomes and the impact of PASCAL mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair device iterations.

Methods: The REPAIR (REgistry of PAscal for mltral Regurgitation) study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry including consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) treated from 2019 to 2024.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials.

Background: Hypertension is common in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), and current guidelines recommend treating systolic blood pressure (SBP) to a target <130 mm Hg. However, data supporting treatment to this target are limited. Additionally, pulse pressure (PP), a marker of aortic stiffness, has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its prognostic impact in HFpEF has not been extensively studied.

Deciphering the biosynthetic landscape of biofilms in glacier-fed streams.

Unlabelled: Glacier-fed streams are permanently cold, ultra-oligotrophic, and physically unstable environments, yet microbial life thrives in benthic biofilm communities. Within biofilms, microorganisms rely on secondary metabolites for communication and competition. However, the diversity and genetic potential of secondary metabolites in glacier-fed stream biofilms remain poorly understood.

Neuroimmune signalling pathways in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the role of neuroimmune signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Recent Findings: The sinonasal mucosa is densely infiltrated by immune cells and neuronal structures that share an intimate spatial relationship within tissue compartments. Together, such neuroimmune units play a critical role in airway defence and homeostatic function.

Licensing and niche competition in spermatogenesis: mathematical models suggest complementary regulation of tissue maintenance.

To maintain and regenerate adult tissues after injury, division and differentiation of tissue-resident stem cells must be precisely regulated. It remains elusive which regulatory strategies prevent exhaustion or overgrowth of the stem cell pool, whether there is coordination between multiple mechanisms, and how to detect them from snapshots. In Drosophila testes, somatic stem cells transition to a state that licenses them to differentiate, but remain capable of returning to the niche and resuming cell division.

Use of a fractional 1570-nm diode laser scanner for nonablative face and neck rejuvenation.

Background: The use of non-ablative fractionated lasers for skin rejuvenation has been proven to be effective in improving skin texture, and has become popular due to minimal wounding, significantly shorter recovery times and decreased adverse effects.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze improvement in skin texture in healthy women aged over 18 years with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV.

Methods: Participants received 3 facial and/or neck treatments with the 1570-nm fractional scanning diode laser at one-month intervals.

Spinal cord elongation enables proportional regulation of the zebrafish posterior body.

Early embryos display a remarkable ability to regulate tissue patterning in response to changes in tissue size. However, it is not clear whether this ability continues into post-gastrulation stages. Here, we performed targeted removal of dorsal progenitors in the zebrafish tailbud using multiphoton ablation.

Metabolomics reveals alterations in gut-derived uremic toxins and tryptophan metabolism in feline chronic kidney disease.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most common conditions affecting felines, yet the metabolic alterations underlying its pathophysiology remain poorly understood, hindering progress in identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of metabolic changes in feline CKD across conserved biochemical pathways and evaluate their progression throughout the disease continuum. Using a multi-biomatrix high-throughput metabolomics approach, serum and urine samples from CKD-affected cats ( = 94) and healthy controls ( = 84) were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Synthesis, characterization, and enzyme inhibition evaluation of sitagliptin derivatives and their metal complexes.

Aims: This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel sitagliptin derivatives, aiming to develop potent, orally active anti-diabetic agents with minimal side effects for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Copper (II) (SCu1-SCu9) and zinc (II) (SZn1-SZn9) metal complexes of sitagliptin-based derivatives were synthesized via a template reaction.

Material & Method: The synthesized complexes were comprehensively characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, 1 h NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.