Evidence for Significant Skew and Low Heritability of Competitive Male Mating Success in the Yellow Fever Mosquito .

mosquitoes are vectors of several viruses of major public health importance, and many new control strategies target mating behaviour. Mating in this species occurs in swarms characterised by male scramble competition and female choice. These mating swarms have a male-biased operational sex ratio, which is expected to generate intense competition among males for mating opportunities.

Understanding Oxygen-Induced Reactions and Their Impact on n-Type Polymeric Mixed Conductor-Based Devices.

Electron transporting (n-type) polymeric mixed conductors are an exciting class of materials for devices with aqueous electrolyte interfaces, such as bioelectronic sensors, actuators, and soft charge storage systems. However, their charge transport performance falls short of their p-type counterparts, primarily due to electrochemical side reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To mitigate ORR, a common strategy in n-type organic semiconductor design focuses on lowering the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level.

Solid/Gas Reactivity of an Ir(I) Methylidene Complex.

stabilization of known, but solution unstable, methylidene complex [Ir(Bu-PONOP)(=CH)][BAr ] allows single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity associated with the {Ir=CH} group to be studied. Addition of H results in [Ir(Bu-PONOP)(H)][BAr ]; exposure to CO forms iridium(I) carbonyl [Ir(Bu-PONOP)(CO)][BAr ], and reaction with NH gas results in the formation of methylamine complex [(Bu-PONOP)Ir(NHMe)][BAr ] via an aminocarbene intermediate. Periodic density functional theory and electronic structure analyses confirm the Ir=CH bond character but with a very low barrier to rotation around the Ir=CH bond.

Gatekeeping or Provider Choice for Sustainable Health Systems? A Literature Review on Their Impact on Efficiency, Access, and Quality of Services.

As early as 1978, the World Health Organization set primary healthcare as the basis on which health systems should be built worldwide. However, the health systems of the different countries show considerable variations in terms of the implementation of gatekeeping from primary to secondary healthcare and direct access to specialists and hospital care. This literature review attempts to present the gatekeeping system with references to the UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany compared to the situation in Greece, where no gatekeeping system exists.

Personalized risk reduction strategies utilizing the diabetes and ramadan risk calculator: a narrative review.

The Diabetes and Ramadan Risk Calculator, developed in 2021, is a pivotal tool for assessing fasting-related risks among patients with diabetes. This ground-breaking innovation offers a quantitative assessment of risk scores during fasting, revolutionizing the landscape of diabetes management during Ramadan. Many components assessed by the calculator are amenable to modification, presenting an opportunity for year-round intervention to mitigate risk scores and subsequent fasting risks.

Evaluating the Impact of a Virtual Skin Cancer Awareness Workshop for 16-19-Year-Olds.

Introduction  The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) in the United Kingdom (UK) has significantly increased in recent years and is expected to continue to rise over the next decade. Despite the preventable nature of most MM cases, existing evidence suggests that public health education around skin cancer and sun safety is often suboptimal, particularly for secondary school populations. Unlike primary school curricula, there is no national guidance to mandate the teaching of this topic in secondary school.

On-Call Simulation: A One-Day Comprehensive Simulation of Clinical Practice for Final-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Transitioning from a medical student to a foundation doctor presents numerous challenges, particularly in managing on-call duties that require quick decision-making, clinical skills, and prioritisation under pressure. The Simulation On-Call (SOC) program was developed as a one-day, immersive simulation event to equip final-year medical students with the skills and confidence needed for these responsibilities. Methods The SOC program is an annual event held for final-year medical students at the Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK.

Evaluation of the Adequacy of Using the Supraglottic Airway Device (i-gel®) in Cases With Epiglottic Masses: A Mannequin Simulation Study.

Background: Epiglottic masses are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to detect during preoperative examinations. Consequently, anesthesiologists may face ventilation difficulties with no apparent cause. Epiglottic masses can sometimes obstruct laryngoscope insertion into the epiglottic vallecula, complicating general anesthesia induction.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an in-class combination therapy switch from bosentan plus sildenafil to ambrisentan plus tadalafil in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

The aim of this single-centre retrospective observational study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an in-class combination therapy switch from bosentan plus sildenafil to ambrisentan plus tadalafil in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Children aged over 5 years who were established on sildenafil plus bosentan were offered to undergo a therapy switch from May 2014 to May 2021 and, if remaining in the service, followed up to May 2024. Children with Eisenmenger syndrome, open intra or extra-cardiac shunt, or with pulmonary hypertension-associated lung disease were excluded.

Deepening the participation of neurodivergent youth in qualitative mental health research: Co-development of a general approach and the evaluation of its implementation in a study on emotion.

Background: There is a growing expectation that neurodivergent young people, such as those with diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism, should play a central role in shaping research on neurodevelopmental conditions. However, currently, their involvement is typically limited to arms-length advice. To address this, the (RE-STAR) programme has co-developed a framework for deepening the involvement of neurodivergent participants in translational research.

A rapid realist review of literature examining Co-production in mental health services for youth.

Background: An overview of internationally published literature on what works for co-production in youth mental health services is missing, despite a practice and policy context strongly recommending this approach. This rapid realist review develops a theory about how and why co-production methods in youth mental health services work, for whom and in which circumstances.

Methods: Relevant evidence was synthesised to develop Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOs) that can inform policy and practice.

Realising the potential of participatory research in youth mental health: Time to go back to basics.

The importance of embedding participatory methods within youth mental health research is well accepted and often a funding prerequisite. However, we argue that there is a need to revisit the core values of the approach in order to ensure that participatory methods remain meaningful, effective and authentic. This should entail rigorously examining 'why' and 'how' to approach participatory methods - not merely outlining the 'what' and 'when'.

Participatory research in child psychology & psychiatry: Embracing untidiness to break new ground.

We are pleased to present our Special Issue on Participatory Research. In this editorial, we outline how the disability rights movement has been instrumental to the development of participatory approaches, before giving consideration to some of the debates and criticisms associated with participatory research in practice. We summarise the contributions offered by the studies within this issue and propose four areas of consideration, drawn from the body of included research, to inform future developments.

Exploring adolescents' and stakeholders' perceptions of online and school-based mental health provision.

Background: Adolescents' engagement with online mental health support (e.g., apps, social media) may affect their engagement with traditional support, including in schools.

Anything goes for participant, patient and public involvement in youth mental health research.

Background: Participant and Public Involvement in youth mental health research aims at making research more responsive to the needs of youth struggling with mental health issues, their parents, and mental health professionals and other stakeholders. Do characteristics of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in youth mental health research align with transparency and replication prerequisites as necessary conditions for translation? Relatedly, the question is addressed whether co-authorship should be assigned to youth involved in the study.

Methods: Here we address these questions re-visiting 50 PPI studies included in two recent systematic reviews of PPI on characteristics that are pertinent to questions about transparency, replicability, translatability, and co-authorship in PPI research.

No decision about me, without me: Collaborating with young people in mental health research.

Involving young people with lived experience in youth mental health research is important. In recognition of the value of collaborating with experts by experience, international funders are increasingly mandating that mental health research is developed by teams that include individuals from the population of study. Yet, research into how Patient Public Involvement, specifically co-production and co-design, is implemented in youth mental health research is limited to date.

Breaking the Silence: Critical discussion of a youth participatory action research project.

Background: This paper aims to inform practice for educational psychologists and other professionals who seek to facilitate youth participatory action research (YPAR) in schools. Youth participatory action research is founded on the assumption that young people are capable of being researchers who can co-create knowledge and act to change the world. It is a worldview as well as a research approach and can be initiated to co-produce knowledge, facilitate critical thinking, promote the evaluation of social systems and/or act against social oppression.

Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study.

Background: Adolescent girls with diagnoses of autism, ADHD and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at higher risk for mental health problems than boys with the same diagnoses and neurotypical girls. These girls are called neurodivergent here, though neurodivergence includes a broader range of diagnoses. One possible reason for this mental health disparity could be camouflaging, a coping strategy used more by girls.

Shining a spotlight on youth involvement in mental health research: Challenges and innovations.

Despite progress in youth involvement in mental health research, considerable gaps remain in our understanding, conceptualisation, and implementation of involving children and young people in this field. This Editorial Perspective reflects on how these gaps present challenges to our research practices and often serve as barriers to meaningfully involving youth voices and experiences into the research process. We take a critical perspective to recent advances in the field of youth involvement in mental health research, reflected by the studies included in this special issue, and highlight examples of good practice paving the way for more equitable and inclusive approaches.

Utilizing Solvent Repulsion between Dimethylformamide and Isopropanol to Manipulate Sn Distribution for Bifacial CuZnSn(S,Se) Solar Cells.

Rationalizing the role of chemical interactions in the precursor solutions on the structure, morphology, and performance of thin-film CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) is key for the development of bifacial and other photovoltaic (PV) device architectures designed by scalable solution-based methods. In this study, we uncover the impact of dimethylformamide (DMF) and isopropanol (IPA) solvent mixtures on cation complexation and rheology of the precursor solution, as well as the corresponding morphology, composition, and PV performance of CZTSSe thin-film grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). We find that increasing the proportion of IPA leads to a nonlinear increase in dynamic viscosity due to the strong repulsion between DMF and IPA, which is characterized by an interaction cohesion parameter of 3.

Phase 1b/2 study of orally administered pexidartinib in combination with radiation therapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of <2 years. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and oncogenic FTL3, which are implicated in GBM treatment resistance. Results from glioma models indicate that combining radiation therapy (RT) and pexidartinib reduces radiation resistance.

A machine learning-assisted systematic review of preclinical glioma modeling: Is practice changing with the times?

Background: Despite improvements in our understanding of glioblastoma pathophysiology, there have been no major improvements in treatment in recent years. Animal models are a vital tool for investigating cancer biology and its treatment, but have known limitations. There have been advances in glioblastoma modeling techniques in this century although it is unclear to what extent they have been adopted.

Longitudinal trend in post-discharge estimated glomerular filtration rate in intensive care survivors.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) within the intensive care unit (ICU) is common but evidence is limited on longer-term renal outcomes. We aimed to model the trend of kidney function in ICU survivors using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), comparing those with and without AKI, and investigate potential risk factors associated with eGFR decline.

Methods: This observational cohort study included all patients aged 16 or older admitted to two general adult ICUs in Scotland between 1st July 2015 and 30th June 2018 who survived to 30 days following hospital discharge.