Long-term efficacy of Mirabegron-anticholinergic combination in paediatric neurogenic bladder.

Introduction: The Mirabegron-anticholinergic (MAC) combination has proven effective as a step-up strategy in managing paediatric neurogenic bladder following anticholinergic medication and botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy. This study assesses the long-term efficacy of MAC in children with neurogenic bladder.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from 2015 to 2023, including consecutive paediatric patients receiving Mirabegron (25/50 mg) with an anticholinergic agent (solifenacin 16, tolterodine 7, oxybutynin 7, trospium 1).

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: Liver disease is associated with a range of extrahepatic complications, which have recently been expanded to include ophthalmic conditions. However, evidence is lacking regarding its impact on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aimed to investigate whether major liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, were associated with POAG.

Roles for Prlhr/GPR10 and Npffr2/GPR74 in Feeding Responses to PrRP.

Several groups of neurons in the NTS suppress food intake, including Prlh-expressing neurons (NTS cells). Not only does the artificial activation of NTS cells decrease feeding, but also the expression of Prlh (which encodes the neuropeptide PrRP) and neurotransmission by NTS neurons contributes to the restraint of food intake and body weight, especially in animals fed a high fat diet (HFD). We used animals lacking PrRP receptors GPR10 and/or GRP74 (encoded by Prlhr and Npffr2, respectively) to determine roles for each in the restraint of food intake and body weight by the increased expression of Prlh in NTS neurons (NTS mice) and in response to the anorectic PrRP analog, p52.

Fibrin film on clots is increased by haematocrit but reduced by inflammation: implications for platelets and fibrinolysis.

Background: Blood clot formation, triggered by vascular injury, is crucial for haemostasis and thrombosis. Blood clots are composed mainly of fibrin fibres, platelets and red blood cells (RBCs). Recent studies show that clot surface also develops a fibrin film, which provides protection against wound infection and retains components such as RBCs within the clot.

A pipeline for harmonising NHS Scotland laboratory data to enable national-level analyses.

Objective: Medical laboratory data together with prescribing and hospitalisation records are three of the most used electronic health records (EHRs) for data-driven health research. In Scotland, hospitalisation, prescribing and the death register data are available nationally whereas laboratory data is captured, stored and reported from local health board systems with significant heterogeneity. For researchers or other users of this regionally curated data, working on laboratory datasets across regional cohorts requires effort and time.

Synergy of the flow behaviour and disperse phase of polysaccharide nanoparticles derived from Corchorus olitorius in enhancing oil recovery at an offshore operation.

The escalating global energy demand necessitates enhanced oil recovery methods, particularly offshore. Biological nanotechnology offers sustainable, environment-friendly, and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This study explored the synthesis of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (PNPs) from Corchorus olitorius leaves using a weak acid-assisted ultrasonic method and their application as nanocomposites for oil recovery.

Temporal Dynamics of Affective Scene Processing in the Healthy Adult Human Brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

Clinical Management of Human Herpesvirus-8 related illnesses in solid organ transplant recipients.

In solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), the oncogenic virus human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) also named Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) causes four clinical diseases: Kaposi Sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma, Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). This review outlines these clinical scenarios and discusses their management. Although HHV8 related disease in SOTR was first described more than three decades ago, there is a lack of data on treatment so much of the guidance is based on evidence in other immunodeficient patients, particularly people living with HIV.

Blood-based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study in South Africa and Dominican Republic.

Objectives: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is complicated by challenges in obtaining invasive respiratory specimens that frequently contain few Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli. We report the diagnostic performance of an Mtb antigen-derived peptide (MAP-TB) assay and its ability to monitor TB treatment response.

Methods: Study cohorts enrolled children who presented with presumptive TB at two hospitals in South Africa from 2012 to 2017 (157 children aged <13 years) and at community-based clinics in the Dominican Republic from 2019 to 2023 (101 children aged <18 years).

Chemopreventive effect of Pistacia vera leaf extract against Mammary Carcinoma Induced by Dimethyl-Benz(a)anthracene in vivo and in vitro: potential role of antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immune mechanisms.

This study aimed to define the antitumor effect of ethanolic extract of Pistacia vera leaves (PEE) toward breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo using dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast tumor in adult female rats. PEE showed a potent antioxidant effect toward both DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals with IC values of 72.6 and 107.

The RNA-binding properties of Annexins.

Annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins involved in crucial cellular processes such as cell division, calcium signaling, vesicle trafficking, membrane repair, and apoptosis. In addition to these properties, Annexins have also been shown to bind RNA, although this function is not universally recognized. In the attempt to clarify this important issue, we employed an integrated combination of experimental and computational approaches.

Long-range directional growth of neurites induced by magnetic forces.

The ability to control the growth and orientation of neurites over long distances has significant implications for regenerative therapies and the development of physiologically relevant brain tissue models. In this study, the forces generated on magnetic nanoparticles internalised within intracellular endosomes are used to direct the orientation of neuronal outgrowth in cell cultures. Following differentiation, neurite orientation was observed after 3 days application of magnetic forces to human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, and after 4 days application to rat cortical primary neurons.

Academic Drug Discovery Units in the UK: Progress and challenges.

The contributions of academic drug discovery are well characterised in the US context but less well understood elsewhere. This paper provides a UK perspective, focusing on the activities of Drug Discovery Units (DDUs). These units have established themselves as coordinators of translational research, working at the early stages of the drug pipeline to link up the academic and industry capabilities needed to take drug candidates towards the market.

Sudden death in a case of triple-vessel, non-atherosclerotic, diffuse ectasia and aneurysmal dilatations of the coronary arteries: An autopsy report.

Aneurysmal Coronary Artery Disease (ACAD) can occur as localized dilations of a segment of one or more coronary arteries or diffuse ectasia-type dilatations of one or more coronaries. Atherosclerosis remains the most common cause of these aneurysms, with Kawasaki Disease being implicated in the Asian population. We present a case of a 62-year-old Asian woman who dies suddenly with no prior symptoms.

Pelvic regional control with 25Gy in 5 fractions in SBRT for high risk prostate cancer: Pooled prospective outcomes from the SHARP consortium.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of 25Gy/5# prophylactic pelvic nodal irradiation for regional control during stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) for high risk prostate cancer.

Methods: The multinational XXXX consortium database of patients treated with curative-intent prostate SBRT for high risk prostate cancer was queried for prophylactic radiotherapy 25Gy/5# to the pelvic lymph nodes. Details of Phoenix-defined biochemical failure, and location of recurrence (local, regional, or distant) were extracted.

Host hepatocyte senescence determines the success of hepatocyte transplantation in a mouse model of liver injury.

Background & Aims: Hepatocyte transplantation has shown promise for genetic diseases of the hepatocytes but to date has shown limited efficacy for non-genetic forms of severe liver injury. Limited cell engraftment and poor function of donor hepatocytes in recipient livers impacts the clinical utility of hepatocyte cell therapy. The mechanisms underpinning this are poorly understood.

The efflux pump ABCC1/MRP1 constitutively restricts PROTAC sensitivity in cancer cells.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional molecules that induce selective protein degradation by linking an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme to a target protein. This approach allows scope for targeting "undruggable" proteins, and several PROTACs have reached the stage of clinical candidates. However, the roles of cellular transmembrane transporters in PROTAC uptake and efflux remain underexplored.

Theory of morphodynamic information processing: Linking sensing to behaviour.

The traditional understanding of brain function has predominantly focused on chemical and electrical processes. However, new research in fruit fly (Drosophila) binocular vision reveals ultrafast photomechanical photoreceptor movements significantly enhance information processing, thereby impacting a fly's perception of its environment and behaviour. The coding advantages resulting from these mechanical processes suggest that similar physical motion-based coding strategies may affect neural communication ubiquitously.

Spatiotemporal multi-feature fusion vehicle trajectory anomaly detection for intelligent transportation: An improved method combining autoencoders and dynamic Bayesian networks.

With the continuous development of intelligent transportation systems, traffic safety has become a major societal concern, and vehicle trajectory anomaly detection technology has emerged as a crucial method to ensure safety. However, current technologies face significant challenges in handling spatiotemporal data and multi-feature fusion, including difficulties in big data processing, and have room for improvement in these areas. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel method that combines autoencoders, Mahalanobis distance, and dynamic Bayesian networks for anomaly detection.

The abiologically and biologically driving effects on organic matter in marginal seas revealed by deep learning-assisted model analysis.

The biogeochemical processes of organic matter exhibit notable variability and unpredictability in marginal seas. In this study, the abiologically and biologically driving effects on particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China, by introducing the cutting-edge network inference tool of deep learning. The concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC) was determined to characterize the status of POM, and the fractions and fluorescent properties of DOM were identified through 3D excitation-emission-matrix spectra (3D-EEM) combined parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC).