1,634,561 results match your criteria: "UK; Imperial College London[Affiliation]"

Survivorship after pediatric critical illness is high in developed countries, but many suffer physical morbidities afterwards. The increasing focus on follow-up after critical illness has led to more pediatric studies reporting muscle mass changes (using ultrasound), albeit with different results. A systematic literature review was undertaken examining muscle mass changes, assessed by ultrasound of the quadriceps femoris muscle in children who are critically ill.

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Response to Dai et al.

Am J Gastroenterol

December 2025

Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

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Background: Longitudinal studies of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been very rare. This study investigated trajectories of family-carer wellbeing and the impact of the caring role on carers' health over four time points measured during the COVID-19 pandemic and after all public health restrictions had been lifted (between December 2020 and late 2022) across the United Kingdom.

Methods: Family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities participated through a co-designed, online survey at four time points across the pandemic (2020-2022).

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Orbital angular momentum of single photons: revealing quantum fundamentals.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

In 1992, Allen . (Allen L, Beijersbergen MW, Spreeuw RJC, Woerdman JP. 1992 Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes.

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Quantum retrodiction.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK.

Quantum retrodiction, in which the state of a quantum system prior to a measurement is assigned based on the results of that measurement, has had a long history and has been used in quantum optics research for decades. Here we summarize the theory and point out some of the more interesting results, before applying the theory to state identification from multiple shots of an experiment. One surprising result is that we show that a photodetector with low quantum efficiency can discriminate between photonic states better than a detector with a higher efficiency.

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The quantum theory of light.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK.

We present a brief introduction to the quantum theory of light as it is understood in the field of quantum optics. Our aim is not to review the topic, which would require a very extensive article (or even a book of several volumes) but rather to provide sufficient background to set the ideas in the following papers in their correct context.This article is part of the theme issue 'The quantum theory of light'.

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The not quite Loudon-Fearn-Rarity-Tapster dip and its impact on the development of photonic quantum information.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, QET Labs and Photonics and Quantum Group, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK.

This paper presents a short history of the discovery by Rodney Loudon and Heidi Fearn of the counter-intuitive destructive interference effect occurring when two indistinguishable photons meet at a beamsplitter. This effect, commonly known as the Hong Ou Mandel effect, underpins much of present day photonic quantum information processing. Here I try to review its development from inception to present day proposals of million qubit photonic quantum computers.

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The quantum optics of media.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.

The quantum theory of light in real media requires attention to a number of physical features. Even in near-transparent dielectrics, we have to incorporate dispersion, losses and the effects of interfaces. Here, we review the quantization of light in a dielectric and see how this affects radiative processes and light propagation.

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Theory and application of cavity solitons in photonic devices.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0NG, UK.

Driven optical cavities containing a nonlinear medium support stable dissipative solitons, cavity solitons, in the form of bright or dark spots of light on a uniformly-lit background. Broadening effects due to diffraction or group velocity dispersion are balanced by the nonlinear interaction with the medium while cavity losses balance the input energy. The history, properties, physical interpretation and wide application of cavity solitons are reviewed.

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Gauge and unitary transformations in multipolar quantum optics.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, England, YO10 5DD, UK.

Multipolar quantum optics deals with the interaction of light with matter as a many-body bound system of charged particles where the coupling to electromagnetic fields is in terms of the multipolar electric polarization and magnetization. We describe two transformations applied to the conventional non-relativistic formalism, namely a gauge transformation applied directly to the fields at the Lagrangian stage and a unitary transformation applied to the old Hamiltonian. We show how such transformations lead to the same Power-Zienau-Woolley (PZW) formulation of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) of an overall electrically neutral many-body bound system of charges, including the internal motion as well as the gross dynamics of the centre of mass.

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Multiple interacting photonic modes in strongly coupled organic microcavities.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, UK.

Room-temperature cavity quantum electrodynamics with molecular materials in optical cavities offers exciting prospects for controlling electronic, nuclear and photonic degrees of freedom for applications in physics, chemistry and materials science. However, achieving strong coupling with molecular ensembles typically requires high molecular densities and substantial electromagnetic-field confinement. These conditions usually involve a significant degree of molecular disorder and a highly structured photonic density of states.

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Non-classicality and the effect of one photon.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW72AZ, UK.

The quantum interference effects of mixing the most non-classical states of light, number states, with the most classical-like of pure field states, the coherent state, are investigated. We demonstrate how the non-classicality of a single photon when mixed with a coherent field can transform the statistical properties of the output and further demonstrate that the entanglement of the output is independent of the coherent state amplitude.This article is part of the theme issue 'The quantum theory of light'.

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An operational distinction between quantum entanglement and classical non-separability.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Staudtstraße 2, Erlangen 91058, Germany.

Quantum entanglement describes superposition states in multi-dimensional systems-at least two partite-which cannot be factorized and are thus non-separable. Non-separable states also exist in classical theories involving vector spaces. In both cases, it is possible to violate a Bell-like inequality.

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The controlled SWAP test for detecting and quantifying entanglement applied to pure qubit states is robust to small errors in the states and efficient for large multi-qubit states (Foulds . 2021 . , 035002 (doi:10.

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Measurement with indefinite causal order and the Sagnac interferometer.

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

December 2024

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.

It has been shown that measurements involving indefinite causal order can be superior to those in which a sequence of operations occurs in a specified order. In optics, such measurements are realized naturally in a Sagnac interferometer. We show that such an arrangement can measure the solid angle (on the Poincaré sphere) enclosed by a sequence of unitary transformations of the polarization.

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Value of P-wave Parameters in Predicting Outcomes of Repeat Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol

December 2024

Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been established as an effective management option for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We aimed to explore the role of P-wave parameters in a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in predicting the success of repeat PAF ablation.

Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent a second AF ablation procedure for PAF in a UK tertiary center after an index ablation conducted between 2018 and 2019 and a repeat ablation up to 2021.

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The use of conduction system pacing (CSP) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is growing, however data remain limited. In patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries following the double switch operation, existing CSP tools and techniques require modification to allow for the anterior displacement of the atrioventricular node and proximal conduction system in addition to navigating the tortuous route of the atrial redirection. We report the successful use of CSP focusing on the technique of delivery tool modification to allow stability on the basal septum for deployment to the area of the distal His bundle and proximal left bundle branch.

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An unprecedented amount of SARS-CoV-2 data has been accumulated compared with previous infectious diseases, enabling insights into its evolutionary process and more thorough analyses. This study investigates SARS-CoV-2 features as it evolved to evaluate its infectivity. We examined viral sequences and identified the polarity of amino acids in the receptor binding motif (RBM) region.

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A multi-branched fluorogenic probe for the rapid and specific detection of Gram-negative bacteria is reported. Three Gram-negative-targeting azido-modified polymyxins were clicked onto a trivalent scaffold functionalised with the environmental green-emitting fluorophore 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. The probe allowed wash-free detection of target bacteria with increased sensitivity and lower limits of detection compared to monovalent probes.

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Little evidence exists regarding the associations between clinical parameter-based biological aging and the incidence and outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, we aimed to assess the associations between biological aging, genetic risk, and the risk of CKD, as well as investigate the impact of accelerated biological aging on life expectancy. 281,363 participants free of kidney diseases from the UK Biobank were included in this prospective study.

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The use of pesticides in commercial farms can lead to exposure among various vulnerable groups. This study assessed the distribution, human health risks, and origins of 13 targeted organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil samples from commercial farms in Southern Nigeria. Following a questionnaire survey on pesticide usage, soil samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEG)-crosslinked polystyrene (PS) resin offers a promising alternative to traditional divinyl benzene (DVB)-PS resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), particularly for challenging sequences with hydrophobic or bulky amino acids. DEG-PS resin's reduced hydrophobicity and enhanced flexibility improve synthesis efficiency, yielding peptides up to 28 residues with higher purities and yields compared to DVB-PS. In various syntheses, DEG-PS outperformed DVB-PS resin, with higher purities and yields for challenging peptides such as ABC analogue (73.

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Background: Autoimmune diseases pose significant health challenges worldwide and affect millions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring preventive strategies through nutritional interventions using vitamins, antioxidants, and micronutrients to reduce the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. However, excessive supplementation has also been associated with toxicity.

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Editorial: Advances toward improved understanding and treatment of uncommon ovarian cancer types and subtypes.

Front Oncol

December 2024

Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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