Gut-derived lactic acid enhances tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptamine in regulation of anxiety via .

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in anxiety regulation through pathways involving neurotransmitter production, immune signaling, and metabolic interactions. Among these, gut-derived serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), synthesized from tryptophan metabolism, has been identified as a key mediator. However, it remains unclear whether specific microbial factors regulate tryptophan metabolism to influence 5-HT production and anxiety regulation.

Dementia Care Practice.

There are many types of Dementia-Friendly Communities (DFCs), and communities define and implement them in different ways. Toolkits from the World Health Organisation and Dementia Friendly America have defined specific goals for DFCs, and in 2013, Alzheimer's Society created a national recognition programme for UK DFCs to respond to the diversity of interpretations. Key elements of the programme included People (awareness and training), Process (support and signposting) and Place (physical support and community).

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: The ADI Accreditation Programme, launched in December 2020, aims to support all Alzheimer and dementia associations and other organizations, in improving care for people living with dementia. By providing a standards-based approach to knowledge and skills, ADI establishes benchmarks that program providers must adhere to. Successful completion of an evaluation allows carers, trainers & program providers to earn ADI Accreditation, indicating that they have reached the required global standard for their training and learning activities, including culturally appropriate context to improve care quality.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Proper name anomia is a common experience that can become amplified in patients with a diagnosis of dementia (PWD). The Gotcha! app aims to provide practice-based therapy for PWD to relearn the names of key people in their lives. It has been developed using the principles of errorless learning and spaced retrieval, which have previously been shown to improve the remembering the familiar people's names and benefit the relationship between the PWD and their loved ones.

Dementia Care Practice.

The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the need to provide support to caregivers of people living with dementia, as one of seven action areas. This is especially crucial in Ghana, where, similar to other Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), the majority of people with dementia reside in the community and are cared for by informal caregivers, often family members. These caregivers usually do not have any training in dementia care and may have limited understanding of the disease and its potential symptoms.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: With global dementia prevalence estimated to reach 139 million by 2050,(1) early detection of dementia-causing diseases is crucial for promoting preventative interventions. Wearable technologies have the potential to detect early signs; however, they need to be acceptable amongst users. We explored user's perspectives on the acceptability of wearable devices.

Comparison of individually packed metalwork and on-the-tray metalwork: A review of clinical risks.

The use of metalwork, such as screws and plates, is common in orthopaedic trauma surgery, with a recent trend towards individually packed metalwork owing to concerns about sterilization efficacy and traceability. Despite this, there is no clinical evidence proving clinical risk from repeat sterilization of metalworks used in orthopaedic trauma of either increased infection rates or loosening or implant failure. On the contrary, the use of individually packed metalworks presents several practical challenges, including higher costs, increased risks of contamination, longer operative times and a larger carbon footprint.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with sleep disturbances. Moreover, individuals with sleep disturbances have been reported to have a higher risk for developing AD. The measurement of sleep behavior therefore opens the opportunity for a potential digital biomarker of AD.

Subacute distal radio-ulnar joint subluxation after a distal radius fracture.

We report a series of 12 patients who developed early distal radioulnar joint subluxation after a distal radial fracture, not present on the initial radiographs. Early identification and management of this condition can give good clinical results. IV.

Intrinsic neonatal limb ischaemia: A systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to analyse the factors associated with intrinsic neonatal limb ischaemia (INLI), its causes and its management. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and 115 articles were identified for analysis. For INLI detected at birth, most newborns presented with upper limb ischaemia (72%), with thrombus being the most common cause (66%).

A modified improvised external fixator: the mini-caterpillar.

We present a short report discussing our first-hand experience using a modification of the improvised syringe-barrel external-fixator for hand fractures and its practical advantages in stabilising single bone fixation.

Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Discordant Lesions Between Fractional Flow Reserve and Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios in Clinical Practice: The J-PRIDE Registry.

Background: Limited large-scale, real-world data exist on the prevalence and clinical impact of discordance between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs).

Methods: The J-PRIDE registry (Clinical Outcomes of Japanese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Resting Indices and Fractional Flow Reserve: A Prospective Multicenter Registry) prospectively enrolled 4304 lesions in 3200 patients from 20 Japanese centers. The lesions were classified into FFR+/NHPR-, FFR-/NHPR+, FFR+/NHPR+, or FFR-/NHPR groups according to cutoff values of 0.

Computerized adaptive testing for PRWHE measurements using domains of pain and motor function.

The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation is an outcome measure for patients with conditions affecting the wrist or hand. We evaluated the structural validity of the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation using psychometric techniques, then developed computerized adaptive testing algorithms. Factor analysis found two health constructs consistent with 'Pain' and 'Motor Function'.

Tipping the balance between and ligand conformers in multinuclear ethylzinc cyclophosphazenates.

Hexaanionic cyclophosphazenate ligands [(RN)PN] provide versatile platforms for the assembly of multinuclear metal arrays due to their multiple coordination sites and highly flexible ligand core structure. This work investigates the impact of incrementally increasing the steric demand of the ligand periphery on the coordination behavior of ethylzinc arrays. It shows that the increased congestion around the ligand sites is alleviated by progressive condensation with the elimination of diethylzinc.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Using digital technologies to detect the early signs of dementia-causing diseases could improve the timely detection of these diseases. To support this approach, we explored users' perspectives on the acceptability of using a variety of digital technologies.

Method: A sub-group of participants from Boston University's Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre were recruited.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Current tools for Alzheimer's disease screening and staging used in clinical research (e.g. ACE-3, ADAS-Cog) require substantial face-to-face time with trained professionals, and may be affected by subjectivity, "white coat syndrome" and other biases.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: It is essential that both drug and lifestyle-based interventions aimed at delaying the functional decline in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) capture change in functioning that incorporates the person's voice. Such brain health priorities can vary across populations and it is unclear to what degree findings from the ePSOM program in the UK might apply to the US.

Methods: We conducted an online nationwide study to understand what matters to people aged 50 and older about their brain health in the US.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Walking is a key facilitator of healthy ageing and may reduce risk of cognitive decline in older adults. To develop suitable, accessible interventions, we must objectively consider the socio-ecological factors which influence participation in walking activities. For example, walking may be influenced by the volume and type of activities one's partner participates in (i.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Many outcome measures used in AD clinical trials require clinic visits and are paper based, making them infrequent and burdensome 'snapshots', subject to rater bias. A consortium of 10 pharma companies came together with Cumulus Neuroscience to design a solution for frequent, objective, real-world measurement across a range of domains. We present a study that examined the feasibility of asking patients with mild dementia to use the neuroassessment platform repeatedly at home for one year.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: An estimated ∼40% of dementia cases are due to modifiable risk factors which can be targeted in lifestyle interventions. Effective interventions employ face-to-face delivery, making them resource-intensive and burdensome. Digital interventions offer scalability, accessibility and cost-effectiveness.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Smartphone-based assessments are a promising tool for early detection of cognitive decline in midlife. Previous research has shown such cognitive markers can be sensitive to a range of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors even in healthy adults. However, their sensitivity to genetic risk factors like APOE-e4 is likely to differ by cognitive domain, with evidence of strong negative effects on wayfinding tasks but mixed for other domains.

Trends in Investigations for Suspected Head and Neck Carcinoma of the Unknown Primary: A HNCIG and IFHNOS International Survey of Practice.

Background: The aim of this clinical survey was to assess variations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary (HNSCCUP) diagnostic practices across international centers.

Methods: Clinical practice survey of experts nominated by Head and Neck Cancer International Group (HNCIG) and International Federation of Head and Neck Oncologic Societies (IFHNOS).

Results: Responses were received from 48/49 (97.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Plasma biomarkers have emerged as a promising tool to detect the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) when cognitive symptoms have not yet emerged. However, there is also a pressing need to detect and track subtle cognitive change at the preclinical stage of AD for population screening purposes and to monitor disease progression at scale. A potential solution is remote cognitive assessment, yet it is still not extensively employed.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) can be captured using body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) in lab-based and real-world environments. DMOs may support differential diagnosis of dementia; for example, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) show unique signatures of gait impairment. Growing evidence suggests that turning impairments are related to cognitive decline.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Current off-the-shelf technologies contain functionality which can support everyday cognition, such as storing telephone numbers and calendar reminders. These functions can benefit everyone, including people living with dementia. However, knowledge is limited about people living with dementia acquiring and using existing technologies and whether or how they are utilizing these functions.