Biomarkers.

Background: In the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), blood-based biomarkers have become increasingly important for various clinical purposes, such as screening patients and tracking the progression of the disease. Tau is a protein that stabilizes microtubules in nerve cells. In AD, different isoforms of tau become hyperphosphorylated, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which are a key pathological feature of the AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Poor sleep is emerging as an important and modifiable risk factor in the development of dementia. The hypothalamus is the only neuroanatomical site of orexin-producing neurones in the brain and modulates sleep and wakefulness behaviour. Due its small size and lack of defined contrast in conventional neuroimaging acquisitions, relatively little evidence exists as to the role of the hypothalamus in humans in neurodegeneration and sleep quality, and whether it may have mechanistic importance and biomarker candidacy.

Biomarkers.

Background: A key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cerebral aggregation of tau. These aggregates can be quantified and localized with positron emission tomography (PET), which improves the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of AD. However, tau-PET is expensive and not available in clinical settings globally.

Biomarkers.

Background: Differences in task-fMRI activation have recently been found to be related to neuropathological hallmarks of AD. However, the evolution of fMRI-based activation throughout AD disease progression and its relationship with other biomarkers remains elusive. Applying a disease progression model (DPM) to a multicentric cohort with up to four annual task-fMRI visits, we hope to provide a deeper insight into these relationships.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood biomarkers alone can detect amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. We assessed whether combining different plasma biomarkers improves the detection of Aβ-positivity and identifies rapid amyloid deposition in CU individuals.

Method: CU participants from the ALFA+ cohort were included.

Biomarkers.

Background: Hypertension is widely prevalent and independently increases the risk of dementia. Advances in high-throughput plasma proteomics analyzed may offer new opportunities to improve risk stratification for these patients.

Method: This study involved a proteomic analysis of plasma samples collected during the baseline recruitment of participants in the UK Biobank.

Biomarkers.

Background: With global dementia prevalence estimated to reach 139 million by 2050, early detection of dementia-causing diseases is crucial for promoting preventative interventions. Wearable technologies have the potential to detect early signs; however, they need to be acceptable amongst users. We explored user's perspectives on the acceptability of wearable devices.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers change in the preclinical stage of AD. However, the robustness of the discrimination performance of these biomarkers, as well as their association with longitudinal primary pathology (amyloid and tau) changes, is less understood. We aimed to determine the ability of baseline and longitudinal plasma amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40, p-tau181, GFAP and NfL to detect primary pathology in CU individuals at risk of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau protein tangles have been recently shown to accumulate in multiple brainstem nuclei in pre-cortical Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. The impact of neurotransmission alterations on brain atrophy and their genetic correlates in AD remain unexplored. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to investigate associations between grey matter (GM) loss across the AD continuum and the distribution of multiple neurotransmitter receptors/transporters; 2) to investigate the impact of polygenic risk scores for AD (PRSs) on such associations.

Biomarkers.

Background: Parkinson's (PD) is common and debilitating with over half of patients progressing to postural instability, dementia or death within 10 years. However, onset and rate of progression is highly variable, reflecting heterogeneity in underlying pathology, and biomarker studies to-date have been limited to a single modality or assessed patients with established cognitive impairment.

Method: We assessed multimodal neuroimaging and plasma biomarkers in 98 PD patients (mean disease duration at baseline 4.

Biomarkers.

Background: Data-driven disease progression models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified subtypes in regional patterns of Aβ deposition using amyloid PET. In addition to Aβ accumulation, early frame measures of tracer delivery from amyloid PET are strongly correlated with blood flow. This work explores whether combining tracer delivery with amyloid binding measures can improve the subtype and stage characterisation over amyloid binding alone.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses. Differences across patients exist in the underlying biological drivers of disease. Furthermore, cross-diagnostic disease mechanisms exist, and different pathologies often co-occur in the brain.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neuroinflammation is an integral part of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, whereby inflammatory processes contribute to the production of amyloid-β, the propagation of tau pathology, and neuronal loss. We recently investigated data-driven methods for determining distinct progression trajectory groups on the ADCOMS scale. This study evaluates whether biomarkers of inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can predict progression rate and membership of those progression rate groups.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex and polygenic disease with a considerable hereditary component (60-80%), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by concealed onset, and individuals often have significant cognitive impairment and histopathological changes in the brain before overt clinical diagnosis. However, the correlations between genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with comprehensive brain regions at a regional scale are still not well understood. We aim to explore whether these associations vary across different age stages.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of dementia that impairs memory, language, and daily functioning. With disease progression, AD patients reportedly experience disturbances in their awareness of self, others, and their environment. These disturbances are associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes, which prompts critical questions about how AD patients experience the world around them.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease at an individual level and for the wider society. Despite huge research efforts the underlaying causes of AD is still not well understood. We know that lipid metabolism is fundamental for maintaining a heathy brain and that some of the strongest risk factors for AD, such as APOE4, affect lipids.

Biomarkers.

Background: Connectome-based models of disease propagation are used to probe mechanisms of pathology spread in neurodegenerative disease. We present our network spreading model toolbox that allows the user to compare model fits across different models and parameters. We apply the toolbox to assess whether local amyloid levels affect production of pathological tau.

Biomarkers.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that people with neurodegenerative diseases have altered metabolic status, but the association between metabolic age (MetAge), as assessed by circulating plasma metabolomics, and dementia remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between MetAge and risk of dementia and to explore whether genetic background plays a role in these associations.

Method: From the UK Biobank, 153,436 dementia-free adults aged ≥55 (mean age 62.

Biomarkers.

Background: Sleep disturbances have been identified as a risk factor for developing dementia. The hypothalamus is involved in sleep regulation and may be affected early by neurodegeneration. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between subjective sleep and hypothalamic structure in adults at higher risk of developing dementia.

Biomarkers.

Background: Semantic cognition refers to our ability to manipulate and generalize knowledge and plays a critical role in communication and daily activities. Therefore, impairments in semantic cognition can have a severe impact on quality of life (e.g.

Biomarkers.

Background: To date, all computerised perivascular spaces (PVS) quantification methods require case-wise, imaging modality, or study-specific parameter adjustments, and suffer from generalisability problems in clinical settings, and misdetection of other cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers. We propose a deep learning-based PVS detection method to overcome these issues. We compare our proposal on magnetic resonance imaging data of CSVD participants against the performance of the Frangi filter.

Biomarkers.

Background: Emerging evidence underscores the importance of neuroinflammation in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Recent studies indicate the involvement of the inflammatory mechanisms both in amyloid- β (Aβ) and tau deposition in the brain. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the immune responses and the intricate interplay between the peripheral and the central nervous systems, identifying biomarkers that reflect the brain´s inflammatory state in AD has been a challenge.

Biomarkers.

Background: TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) is one of the most frequently observed co-pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recognizing the diversity of pathological features in individuals with AD, including the presence of TDP-43, may lead to more personalized and effective treatment approaches. We investigate ante-mortem cortical microstructural changes in MRI with subsequent autopsy confirmation of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes (ADNC) with and without TDP-43 comorbidity.

Biomarkers.

Background: Trisomy 21 in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an earlier accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and a higher rate of Alzheimer's Disease due to the triplication of the amyloid precursor protein gene. In this study we compare accumulation rates of Aβ measured with [C-11]PiB PET between large longitudinal cohorts of DS and neurotypical (NT) participants at a single site.

Methods: Participants imaged at the University of Wisconsin with ≥2 PiB scans and ≥2 years between scans were included in this study.

Biomarkers.

Background: Emerging research, underscored by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence and the US National Institutes of Health, suggests that age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is linked to the development of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aim to investigate the neural correlates of ARHL and cognitive impairments based on the changes in white matter (WM) microstructures in a population of non-demented adults.

Method: 129 participants (94 female) aged between 20-79 years old (Mean = 51.