Recommendations for Improving Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies in Europe Using Healthcare Databases.

Background: Although accessing administrative data in healthcare databases may be a more time-efficient and cost-effective method of conducting surveillance, there is evidence suggesting that administrative data alone are not sufficient for population-based surveillance of congenital anomalies.

Objective: To propose recommendations to maximise the potential use of healthcare databases for surveillance of congenital anomalies based on our data linkage experiences and results from the EUROlinkCAT study.

Methods: EUROlinkCAT is a population-based cohort study of 99,416 children with anomalies born between 1995 and 2014.

Exploring experiences of dementia post-diagnosis support and ideas for improving practice: A co-produced study.

It takes time to adjust to a diagnosis of dementia. Post-diagnosis support has an important part to play in navigating this transition. However, it is often scarce and variable according to location.

Integrated Longitudinal Population Dose-Hemoglobin Response of Daprodustat Following Dose Titration in Patients With Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Daprodustat, a novel oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor is approved in the United States for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults receiving dialysis for at least 4 months. Pharmacodynamic dose-hemoglobin (Dose-Hgb) models were developed as daprodustat progressed through development. To support global phase III development, a dose-titration algorithm, guided by simulations from the initial Dose-Hgb model based on phase II clinical data, was implemented.

Clinical outcomes of a real-world prospective study using Dexcom ONE continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes treated with two or more insulin injections per day.

Aims: This study assessed real-world glycaemic outcomes associated with the use of Dexcom ONE in adults with suboptimally controlled diabetes.

Methods: In this single-site prospective study, adults with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) taking two or more insulin injections per day initiated Dexcom ONE CGM use and attended follow-up data collection visits after 3 and 6 months. During the study, participants received usual diabetes care.

Molecular and functional profiling unravels targetable vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors are mostly treated with chemotherapy. Clinical benefits of targeted therapies depend on mutational states and tumor location. Many tumors carry mutations in KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS) or B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), rendering them more resistant to therapies.

Facile, Reversible Hydrogen Activation by Low-Coordinate Magnesium Oxide Complexes.

New approaches to achieve facile and reversible dihydrogen activation are of importance for synthesis, catalysis, and hydrogen storage. Here we show that low-coordinate magnesium oxide complexes [{(nacnac)Mg}(μ-O)] , with nacnac = HC(RCNDip), Dip = 2,6-PrCH, R = Me (), Et (), Pr (), readily react with dihydrogen under mild conditions to afford mixed hydride-hydroxide complexes [{(nacnac)Mg}(μ-H)(μ-OH)] . Dehydrogenation of complexes is strongly dependent on remote ligand substitution and can be achieved by simple vacuum-degassing of (R = Pr) to regain .

Dopamine genetic risk scores and psychiatric symptoms: Interacting risk factors for impulse control behaviours in de novo Parkinson's disease.

Up to 45% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience impulse control disorders (ICDs), characterized by a loss of voluntary control over impulses, drives or temptations. This study aimed to investigate whether previously identified genetic and psychiatric risk factors interact towards the development of ICDs in PD. A total of 278 de novo PD patients (ICD-free at enrollment) were selected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database.

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamps reduce amplification of host chloroplast and mitochondria rRNA gene sequences and increase detected diversity in 16S rRNA gene profiling analysis of oak-associated microbiota.

Background: Acquiring representative bacterial 16S rRNA gene community profiles in plant microbiome studies can be challenging due to the excessive co-amplification of host chloroplast and mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences that reduce counts of plant-associated bacterial sequences. Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) clamps prevent this by blocking PCR primer binding or binding within the amplified region of non-target DNA to stop the function of DNA polymerase. Here, we applied a universal chloroplast (p)PNA clamp and a newly designed mitochondria (m)PNA clamp to minimise host chloroplast and mitochondria amplification in 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles of leaf, bark and root tissue of two oak species (Quercus robur and Q.

ZNF169 promotes thyroid cancer progression via upregulating FBXW10.

Background: Zinc finger protein 169 (ZNF169) plays a key role in cancer development. However, the specific role of ZNF169 in the tumorigenesis of thyroid carcinoma (THCA) remains poorly understood.

Methods: The expression of ZNF169 was measured using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blot.

Design and maintenance of medical oxygen concentrators in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

Background: Oxygen therapy is critical and vital treatment for hypoxemia and respiratory distress, however, access to reliable oxygen systems remains limited in SSA. Despite WHO initiatives that distributed over 30,000 OC oxygen concentrators worldwide, SSA faces significant challenges related to their maintenance and use, due to harsh environmental conditions, technical skill shortages and inadequate infrastructure. This review aims to systematically identify and assess the literature on OC design adaptations, maintenance challenges, and knowledge gaps in SSA, providing actionable recommendations to inform innovative and context-sensitive solutions to improve healthcare delivery in the region.

Health-related quality of life associated with fatigue, physical activity and activity pacing in adults with chronic conditions.

Background: Fatigue and inactivity are linked to decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic conditions. A multidimensional approach to activity pacing may improve HRQoL by promoting physical activity (PA) and alleviating fatigue. Addressing fatigue across chronic conditions is crucial, especially when underlying causes are unknown.

Effect of early administration of fibrinogen replacement therapy in traumatic haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with narrative synthesis of observational studies.

Background: In severely injured trauma patients, hypofibrinoginaemia is associated with increased mortality. There is no evidence-based consensus for what constitutes optimal fibrinogen therapy, treatment dose or timing of administration. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of early fibrinogen replacement, either cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate (FgC) on mortality, transfusion requirements and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the malaria infection study in Thailand.

Background: Thailand has made significant progress in malaria control efforts in the past decade, with a decline in the number of reported cases. However, due to cross-border movements over the past 5 years, reported malaria cases in Thailand have risen. The Malaria Infection Study in Thailand (MIST) involves deliberate infection of healthy volunteers with Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites, and the assessment of the efficacy of potential vaccine and drug candidates in order to understand acquired protection against malaria parasites.

Rationale and design of the HOVON 170 DLBCL-ANTICIPATE trial: preventing anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction with dexrazoxane.

Background: Dexrazoxane has been studied for its ability to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction (AICD) in several trials but its use in clinical practice remains limited. This is related to the low to moderate quality of the generated evidence, safety concerns and restricted prescribing indications. Additional randomized trials are needed before this drug can be routinely integrated into cardio-oncology clinical practice.

Heterogeneity of treatment effect: the case for individualising oxygen therapy in critically ill patients.

Oxygen therapy is ubiquitous in critical illness but oxygenation targets to guide therapy remain controversial despite several large randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Findings from RCTs evaluating different approaches to oxygen therapy in critical illness present a confused picture for several reasons. Differences in both oxygen target measures (e.

Influence of religion and spirituality on head and neck cancer patients and their caregivers: a protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are devastating, thus imposing a negative impact on the appearance of an individual as well as vital activities such as eating, swallowing, speaking, and breathing. Therefore, HNC patients undergo distress, while their caregivers become overburdened. Religion and spirituality can be helpful for patients and their caregivers from diverse cultural backgrounds to cope with cancer.

Discovering patient groups in sequential electronic healthcare data using unsupervised representation learning.

Introduction: Unsupervised feature learning methods inspired by natural language processing (NLP) models are capable of constructing patient-specific features from longitudinal Electronic Health Records (EHR).

Design: We applied document embedding algorithms to real-world paediatric intensive care (PICU) EHR data to extract patient-specific features from 1853 patients' PICU journeys using 647 unique lab tests and medication events. We evaluated the clinical utility of the patient features via a K-means clustering analysis.

The acceptability of a novel seismocardiography device for measuring VO max in a workplace setting: a mixed methods approach.

Background: Workplace health screening rarely includes measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, despite it being a greater predictor of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality than other routinely measured risk factors. This study aimed to determine the comparative acceptability of using a novel seismocardiography device to measure cardiorespiratory fitness via VO max during a workplace health check.

Methods: Participants were invited to participate in workplace health screening sessions where VO max was assessed by both seismocardiography at rest and sub-maximal exercise testing, in order for acceptability of both to be compared across multiple domains.

Which dietary shifts to improve nutritional quality while reducing diet cost in the French West Indies?

Background: The French West Indies are facing increasing rates of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Food prices are more than 30% higher compared with mainland France, while a large part of the population is socioeconomically disadvantaged. The affordability of a healthy diet is a key issue.

Factors influencing role preferences in decision-making of healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: subanalysis from a randomised controlled decision coaching trial.

Background: Patients who actively engage in their medical decision-making processes can experience better health outcomes. This exploratory study aimed to identify predictors of preferred and actual roles in decision-making in healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs).

Methods: Women with BRCA1/2 PVs without a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were recruited in six centres across Germany.

Barriers and facilitators to engagement with between-session work for low-intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based interventions: a qualitative exploration of practitioner perceptions.

Background: To address the growing demand for psychological treatment, healthcare providers are increasingly utilising low-intensity interventions, characterised by reduced practitioner contact and emphasis on independent patient engagement with therapeutic materials through between-session work (BSW). While BSW is critical for maximising treatment outcomes, patients and practitioners report challenges with its completion. Research identifying factors influencing between-session engagement in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has largely focused on high-intensity CBT, limiting understanding within low-intensity contexts.

Community benefits of mass distribution of three types of dual-active-ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets against malaria prevalence in Tanzania: evidence from a 3-year cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) were once fully effective for the prevention of malaria; however, mosquitoes have developed resistance to pyrethroids, the main class of insecticides used on nets. Dual active ingredient LLINs (dual-AI LLINs) have been rolled out as an alternative to pyrethroid (PY)-only LLINs to counteract this. Understanding the minimum community usage at which these LLINs elicit an effect that also benefits non-users against malaria infection is important.

NPT100-18A rescues mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration in human iPSC-based Parkinson's model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates mostly consisting of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn). Progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) and nigrostriatal projections results in severe motor symptoms. While the preferential loss of mDANs has not been fully understood yet, the cell type-specific vulnerability has been linked to a unique intracellular milieu, influenced by dopamine metabolism, high demand for mitochondrial activity, and increased level of oxidative stress (OS).