Application of synthesized FeO@Gelatin nanoparticles on interfacial properties and enhanced oil recovery.

Due to the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs), their application has been proposed as an innovative and promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. They enhance oil recovery by improving EOR mechanisms including decreasing interfacial tension (IFT), wettability alteration to water-wet, and preventing asphaltene precipitation. In this study, FeO@Gelatin NPs were synthesized by a convenient and single-step method and then investigated for EOR purposes for the first time.

Asymmetric projection of introspection reveals a behavioural and neural mechanism for interindividual social coordination.

When we collaborate with others to tackle novel problems, we anticipate how they will perform their part of the task to coordinate behavior effectively. We might estimate how well someone else will perform by extrapolating from estimates of how well we ourselves would perform. This account predicts that our metacognitive model should make accurate predictions when projected onto people as good as, or worse than, us but not on those whose abilities exceed our own.

Electrophysiological approaches to informing therapeutic interventions with deep brain stimulation.

Neuromodulation therapy comprises a range of non-destructive and adjustable methods for modulating neural activity using electrical stimulations, chemical agents, or mechanical interventions. Here, we discuss how electrophysiological brain recording and imaging at multiple scales, from cells to large-scale brain networks, contribute to defining the target location and stimulation parameters of neuromodulation, with an emphasis on deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Validation of a multiplexed immunoassay for immunological analysis of pre erythrocytic malaria vaccines.

The primary immunological readout for clinical trials of R21/MatrixM™ malaria vaccine, is total IgG antibody specific to the central four amino acid NANP repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein. A multiplexed assay, which includes NANP, was developed and validated for four antigens representing components of the R21 immunogen. Initial assay optimisation included validation of the HBsAg international standard.

Fast 3D printing of fine, continuous, and soft fibers via embedded solvent exchange.

Nature uses fibrous structures for sensing and structural functions as observed in hairs, whiskers, stereocilia, spider silks, and hagfish slime thread skeins. Here, we demonstrate multi-nozzle printing of 3D hair arrays having freeform trajectories at a very high rate, with fiber diameters as fine as 1.5 µm, continuous lengths reaching tens of centimeters, and a wide range of materials with elastic moduli from 5 MPa to 3500 MPa.

Construction and iterative redesign of synXVI a 903 kb synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome.

The Sc2.0 global consortium to design and construct a synthetic genome based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome commenced in 2006, comprising 16 synthetic chromosomes and a new-to-nature tRNA neochromosome. In this paper we describe assembly and debugging of the 902,994-bp synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome synXVI of the Sc2.

A data-consistent model of the last glaciation in the Alps achieved with physics-driven AI.

25 thousand years ago, the European Alps were covered by the kilometre-thick Alpine Ice Field. Numerical modelling of this glaciation has been challenged by model-data disagreements, including overestimations of ice thickness. We tackle this issue by applying the Instructed Glacier Model, a three-dimensional model enhanced with physics-informed machine learning.

Super elastic and negative triboelectric polymer matrix for high performance mechanoluminescent platforms.

Mechanoluminescence platforms, combining phosphors with elastic polymer matrix, have emerged in smart wearable technology due to their superior elasticity and mechanically driven luminescent properties. However, their luminescence performance often deteriorates under extreme elastic conditions owing to a misinterpretation of polymer matrix behavior. Here, we unveil the role of the polymer matrices in mechanoluminescence through an interface-triboelectric effect driven by elasticity, achieving both high elasticity and brightness.

Camel milk is a neglected source of brucellosis among rural Arab communities.

The World Health Organization describes brucellosis as one of the world's leading zoonotic diseases, with the Middle East a global hotspot. Brucella melitensis is endemic among livestock populations in the region, with zoonotic transmission occurring via consumption of raw milk, amongst other routes. Control is largely via vaccination of small ruminant and cattle populations.

Physiochemical and functional evaluation of the first-in-class anti-cancer IgE antibody drug, MOv18, through process development and good manufacturing practice production.

Antibodies used for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs, but tumor-targeting IgE antibodies have shown enhanced effector cell potency against cancer in preclinical models. Research-grade recombinant IgE antibodies have been generated and studied for several decades. The recent Phase 1 clinical trial of the first-in-class MOv18 IgE, however, necessitated the inaugural process development and scaled manufacture of a recombinant IgE to clinical quality standards.

Dietary fats and cardiometabolic health-from public health to personalised nutrition: 'One for all' and 'all for one'.

This paper provides a summary of the 2023 British Nutrition Foundation Annual Lecture by Professor Julie Lovegrove. Professor Lovegrove is the head of the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition at the University of Reading. Professor Lovegrove, who was nominated for the BNF Prize for her outstanding contribution to nutritional sciences has published over 300 scientific papers and made a major contribution to establishing the relevance of dietary fat quality in the development and prevention of cardiometabolic disease.

Printed Lithography of Graphene-Perovskite Quantum Dot Hybrid Photodetectors on Paper Substrates.

Paper is an ideal platform for creating flexible and eco-friendly electronic systems. Leveraging the synergistic integration of zero- and two-dimensional materials, it unfolds a broad spectrum of applications within the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), spanning from wearable electronics to smart packaging solutions. However, for paper without a polymer coating, the rough and porous nature presents significant challenges as a substrate for electronics, and the absence of well-established fabrication methods further hinders its application in wearable electronics.

Gut microbiota, immune cells, and chronic sinusitis: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic inflammatory disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. Although previous research suggests a potential association between gut microbiota alterations and AR, the causal relationship remains unclear. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to reduce confounding factors and reverse causality.

Developing a behaviour change intervention using information about greenhouse gas emissions to reduce liquid antibiotic prescribing.

Introduction: The determinants of antimicrobial prescribing often involve social influence, which can be harnessed through behaviour change techniques (BCTs). While previous studies have used BCTs to address antimicrobial resistance, there is a lack of evidence regarding their application to address climate change-related issues in antibiotic prescribing. This study aimed to develop a behaviour change intervention (BCI) using information about greenhouse gas emissions to reduce liquid antibiotic prescribing.

A review of Returned and Services League venues operating electronic gambling machines in Victoria, Australia and the level of funding contributed to veterans.

Objective: Globally, funding 'good causes' is a legitimation tactic for gambling operations. This research aimed to determine if an Australian system allowing tax concessions to not-for-profits (NFPs) meets its primary intention of funding community purpose.

Methods: Not-for-profit (NFP) venues operating electronic gaming machines (EGMs) in the state of Victoria must submit records to the gambling regulator showing contribution to community purposes.

What are the perceptions and experiences of adults using mobile applications for self-management in diabetes? A systematic review.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that entails significant burdens to patients, caregivers and society at large. While self-management behaviours like healthy eating and monitoring of blood glucose help to reduce the care burden, they are still perceived to be burdensome. Mobile applications have emerged as promising digital tools in helping patients to self-manage their conditions.

Developing a core outcome set for interventions in people with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol.

Introduction: There is no standardised national guidance on clinical management for people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and therapeutic interventions are limited. Understanding what outcomes are important and meaningful to people living with MCI and developing a core outcome set (COS) for research and clinical practice will improve the impact of clinical research and contribute towards developing effective care pathways for MCI. This study aims to develop a COS for adults living with MCI intended for use in interventional and clinical settings.

Medical complexity in emergency and urgent care settings: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Considering the impact of non-medical factors (personal and social) on patients with multiple chronic conditions, the term 'medical complexity' is gaining traction as it encompasses both medical and non-medical aspects of patients' medical needs. When primary care is not able to provide timely care for chronic challenges or acute concerns, complex patients require care in emergency or urgent care settings. The concept of medical complexity is continually evolving, although without a universally accepted or standardised definition that determines if an adult patient is considered complex.

A qualitative interview study of care home managers' experiences of medicines optimisation for residents with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To explore care home managers' views and experiences of optimising medicines use for residents with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting And Participants: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study using semistructured interviews (conducted via telephone or online videoconferencing platform), with care home managers across Northern Ireland, purposively sampled from care homes that provided care for residents with dementia. Care home managers were asked to describe their experiences of accessing primary healthcare services (such as those provided by general practitioners and community pharmacists), how medicines use by residents with dementia was affected by the pandemic, and what they had learnt from their experiences.

Congenital colour vision deficiency in healthcare professionals: a scoping review protocol of the impact on clinical practice and patient safety.

Introduction: Congenital colour vision deficiency (CVD), known as colour blindness, is a common visual problem affecting around 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women. It is known that people who have red-green CVD, the most common phenotype, can have difficulty differentiating colours and this can impact the ability to perform clinical tasks related to patient care. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence and the impact on clinical practice and patient safety arising from congenital CVD in healthcare professionals.

Understanding good communication in ambulance pre-alerts to the emergency department: findings from a qualitative study of UK emergency services.

Objectives: Prehospital notifications (pre-alerts) enable emergency department (ED) staff to prepare for the arrival of patients requiring a time-critical response. Effective communication of the pre-alert is key to enabling the ED to prepare appropriately, but evidence on communication practices is lacking. We undertook qualitative research to understand how pre-alert communication may be improved to optimise the ED response for pre-alerted patients.

Women's experiences of living with adenomyosis and perceptions of the diagnostic journey: a scoping review.

Objectives: Uterine adenomyosis is a common gynaecological disease that can be debilitating. It is poorly understood and may be overlooked in clinical settings. A research gap exists as there are currently no published scoping reviews on perceptions and experiences early in the illness course.

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercise intervention led by midwives in England to reduce postnatal urinary incontinence: APPEAL feasibility and pilot randomised controlled cluster trial.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of an intervention of midwifery support for antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) to prevent postnatal urinary incontinence (UI).

Design: Feasibility and pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Clusters were community midwifery teams.

Adaptive clinical trial of AZD7442 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunosuppressed patients highly vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (RAPID-PROTECTION): protocol for a multicentre, interventional open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Despite repeated vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 virus, patients who are immunocompromised remain at very high risk of catching SARS-CoV-2 virus and becoming unwell. AZD7442 (Evusheld) is a long-acting monoclonal antibody treatment that has been shown in clinical trials to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection for up to a year after a single dose. Vaccines require a healthy immune system to generate protective immunity.