Germline and Somatic Genomic Testing for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline.

Purpose: To evaluate evidence on germline and somatic genomic testing for patients with metastatic prostate cancer and provide recommendations.

Methods: A systematic review by a multidisciplinary panel with patient representation was conducted. The PubMed database was searched from January 2018 to May 2024.

Major Bleeding and Mortality After Revascularization of Left Main Disease.

Background: The incidence and prognostic impact of major bleeding (MB) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) are unknown.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the rates and outcomes of MB after LMCAD revascularization.

Methods: In the EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) trial, 1,905 patients with unprotected LMCAD were randomized to undergo PCI (n = 948) or CABG (n = 957) and followed up for 5 years.

Collaboration between registered dietitians and gastroenterologists in cystic fibrosis care: Results of an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: Collaboration between registered dietitians and gastroenterologists has not been evaluated in cystic fibrosis (CF). We surveyed registered dietitians and gastroenterologists regarding the current participation of gastroenterologists in CF centers and identified possible areas to enhance partnership between the two disciplines.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed targeting registered dietitians and gastroenterologists involved in CF care through three international listservs (CF Nutrition, CF DIGEST, and PEDGI) over a 6-week period.

General Principles, Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management in Older Adults.

Hypertension impacts most older adults as one of many multiple chronic conditions. A thorough evaluation is required to assess overall health, cardiovascular status, and comorbid conditions that impact treatment targets. In the absence of severe frailty or dementia, intensive treatment prevents more cardiovascular events than standard treatment and may slow cognitive decline.

ChatGPT and Large Language Models in Radiology: Perspectives From the Field.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being recognized as tools with the potential to transform many industries, including health care. Implementation and use of these tools among radiologists is likely variable, driven by radiology practice and institutional factors. Radiologists from various practices were asked about their perspectives on generative AI and LLMs in radiology.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition With Erlotinib in Liver: Dose De-Escalation Pilot Trial as an Initial Step in a Chemoprevention Strategy.

Background And Aims: Effective approaches for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will have a significant impact on HCC-related mortality. There are strong preclinical data and rationale to support targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for HCC chemoprevention. Small molecule inhibitors of EGFR have been Food and Drug Administration-approved for cancer therapy, which provides an opportunity to repurpose one of these drugs for chemoprevention of HCC.

Description of the local hemodynamic environment in intracranial aneurysm wall subdivisions.

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose severe health risks influenced by hemodynamics. This study focuses on the intricate characterization of hemodynamic conditions within the IA walls and their influence on bleb development, aiming to enhance understanding of aneurysm stability and the risk of rupture. The methods emphasized utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 359 IAs and 213 IA blebs from 268 patients to reconstruct patient-specific vascular models, analyzing blood flow using finite element methods to solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the segmentation of aneurysm wall subregions and the hemodynamic metrics wall shear stress (WSS), its metrics, and the critical points in WSS fields were computed and analyzed across different aneurysm subregions defined by saccular, streamwise, and topographical divisions.

Distribution of rupture sites and blebs on intracranial aneurysm walls suggests distinct rupture patterns in ACom and MCA aneurysms.

The mechanisms behind intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture are not fully understood, with factors such as location, patient demographics, and hemodynamics playing a role. Additionally, the significance of anatomical features like blebs in ruptures is debated. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive research that combines patient-specific risk factors with a detailed analysis of local hemodynamic characteristics at bleb and rupture sites.

Mind the Gap! Working Toward Gender Equity in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Present and Future.

Evidence from medicine and other fields has shown that gender diversity results in better decision making and outcomes. The incoming workforce of congenital heart specialists (especially in pediatric cardiology) appears to be more gender balanced, but past studies have shown many inequities. Gender-associated differences in leadership positions, opportunities presented for academic advancement, and recognition for academic contributions to the field persist.

Seeding Activity of Skin Misfolded Tau as a Biomarker for Tauopathies.

Background: Tauopathies are a group of age-related neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of pathologically phosphorylated tau protein in the brain, leading to prion-like propagation and aggregation. They include Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Pick's disease (PiD). Currently, reliable diagnostic biomarkers that directly reflect the capability of propagation and spreading of misfolded tau aggregates in peripheral tissues and body fluids are lacking.

Factors Affecting Selection of TraineE for Neurointervention (FASTEN).

Background And Importance: Neurointervention is a very competitive specialty in the United States due to the limited number of training spots and the larger pool of applicants. The training standards are continuously updated to ensure solid training experiences. Factors affecting candidate(s) selection have not been fully established yet.

Impact of COVID-19 infection on patients admitted with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an analysis from the National Inpatient Sample.

Background: Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a medical emergency that has significant morbidity and mortality. The available data about the impact of COVID-19 infection on mortality in patients with NVUGIB is limited.

Methods: We identified all hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of NVUGIB in 2020.

Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pregnancy study: Rationale, objectives and design.

Importance: Pregnancy induces unique physiologic changes to the immune response and hormonal changes leading to plausible differences in the risk of developing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or Long COVID. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may also have long-term ramifications for exposed offspring, and it is critical to evaluate the health outcomes of exposed children. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC aims to evaluate the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various populations.

A commitment to Radiology: How Medical Students Can Navigate Through the Increased Competitiveness of Diagnostic Radiology.

In recent years, diagnostic radiology has become increasingly competitive leaving many applicants seeking to increase the strength of their applications. This paper aims to help inform future radiology applicants on how to prepare for a successful match into radiology. Using data from previous match cycles and from the radiology community, we provide recommendations on how to demonstrate commitment to radiology through creating interest groups, leading changes in their academic curriculums, becoming involved in local and national organizations, performing research, networking with fellow radiology colleagues, and seeking mentorship.

Increasing Use of Shorter-Course Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the noninferiority of shorter radiotherapy (RT) courses (termed hypofractionation) compared with longer RT courses in patients with localized prostate cancer. Although shorter courses are associated with cost-effectiveness, convenience, and expanded RT access, their adoption remains variable.

Objective: To identify the current practice patterns of external beam RT for prostate cancer in the US.

Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Pathologists' Assessment Compared to Immunoscore.

Background: The Immunoscore (IS) is a quantitative digital pathology assay that evaluates the immune response in cancer patients. This study reports on the reproducibility of pathologists' visual assessment of CD3+- and CD8+-stained colon tumors, compared to IS quantification.

Methods: An international group of expert pathologists evaluated 540 images from 270 randomly selected colon cancer (CC) cases.