Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma in Pediatric Patients: An International Collaborative Study.

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a rare malignant tumor, frequently affects pediatric patients, with 35%-40% occurring in the head and neck. This study analyzes the clinicopathologic profile of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas from Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa.

Methods: We reviewed 44 cases from 10 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology services, conducting immunohistochemical analyses of desmin, myogenin, Myo-D1, and Ki67, with quantification via QuPath software.

The Landscape of Helicobacter pylori-related Gastric Carcinogenesis.

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and humans remains a complex enigma. While other factors contribute to gastric cancer (GC), their impact pales in comparison to the central role of H.

Deep genetic divergences and few morphological changes support the cryptic speciation in Larimus breviceps (Sciaenidae, Acanthuriformes) from the western South Atlantic.

We evaluate the evidence of cryptic speciation in Larimus breviceps, a species widely distributed in the western South Atlantic, from the Greater Antilles to Santa Catarina in Brazil. Mitochondrial (COI, Cyt b, and Control Region) and nuclear (IGF1 and Tmo-4C4) sequences were obtained from populations in the western South Atlantic. The analysis revealed two genetically distinct, sympatric lineages with no gene flow, with L.

A new Ceratomyxa (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the ornamental fish species Pterophyllum scalare from the Amazon Region, Brazil.

A new parasite of the Class Myxozoa is described in the gallbladder of the ornamental angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, in two municipalities in the state of Amapá, Brazil, based on morphological, morphometric and phylogenetic descriptions. From October 2022 to August 2024 fifty-five angelfish specimens were sampled in Macapá (n=10) and Tartarugalzinho (n=45). Slightly arched mixospores were observed by light microscopy and had characteristics consistent with those of the genus Ceratomyxa.

Acute Fatal Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in a Captive Adult Linnaeus's Two-Toed Sloth () in Amazon Biome.

This study aims to report the dietary and daily management, clinical signs, complementary exams, and pathological findings related to an acute and fatal case of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in a captive Linnaeus's two-toed sloth () in the Amazon Biome. An adult female sloth, rescued after being electrocuted, was housed at the Wildlife Section of the Veterinary Hospital (WSVH) of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine (IVM) at the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). It was fed a diverse diet that included animal protein, fruits, vegetables, and greens, with vitamin and mineral supplementation.

The Effect of Climatic Conditions on the Seasonality of Pest Insect Populations in Eucalyptus Plantations in the Neotropics.

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp., Mirtaceae) stands out for its remarkable regeneration capacity, making it a valuable tool for recovering degraded areas and for reforestation. Despite its Australian origins, eucalyptus has shown remarkable adaptation to the Brazilian tropical climate, contributing to the wood productivity of the country.

Role of mesenchymal stromal cell secretome on recovery from cellular senescence: an overview.

Cellular senescence is intricately linked with numerous changes observed in the aging process, including the depletion of the stem cell pool and the decline in tissue and organ functions. Over the past three decades, efforts to halt and reverse aging have intensified, bringing rejuvenation closer to reality. Current strategies involve treatments using stem cells or their derivatives, such as the secretome.

Biodegradation of oil-derived hydrocarbons by marine actinobacteria: A systematic review.

The intensive use of oil and its derivatives is related to a greater frequency of accidents involving the release of pollutants that cause harmful effects on ecosystems. Actinobacteria are cosmopolitan and saprophytic microorganisms of great commercial interest, but because they are predominantly found in soil, most research into the products of this phylum's metabolism has focused on this habitat. Marine actinobacteria exhibit unique metabolic characteristics in response to extreme conditions in their habitat, which distinguishes them from terrestrial actinobacteria.

Harvest time influences in the quality attributes and physicochemical and phytochemical composition of bacuri pulp (Platonia insignis Mart.).

Analysis of the seasonal influence on the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of bacuri provides support for optimizing production, promoting sustainability and boosting local economic development. This study analyzed bacuri pulp over consecutive years of production (2020-2023), observing variations in dry matter, lipids, soluble solids, pH, proteins, and minerals across harvest seasons. Notable amino acids include glutamic acid, arginine, and alanine, essential for bodily functions, in addition to antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and flavonols, which vary between harvests.

A sustainable extraction approach for recovery of Rhamnogalacturonan I enriched pectin from Amazonian cocoa pod husk.

Approximately 16,000 thousand tonnes of cocoa husk are produced annually worldwide during the chocolate production chain, representing considerable potential for pectin extraction. The aim of this study was to investigate a new extraction technique using a binary system composed of carbon dioxide and water (CO + HO) at high pressure and temperature, on cocoa sample from floodplain ecosystem. Temperatures of 393.

Erratum: JOÃO F. SANTOS-NETO, SAYMON M. PAIXÃO & MARCUS V. DOMINGUES (2024) Two new species of Monopisthocotyla (Dactylogyridea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing the nasal cavities of Bryconops melanurus (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Zootaxa, 5410 (2): 222-238.

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Ephydrolithus Girón & Short, 2019 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): new species and updated distribution records from Northeast region of Brazil.

The Neotropical genus Ephydrolithus Girón & Short, 2019 was recently established based on five species. In 2022 five additional species were described, all of them from the Espinhaço Mountain Range, in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. During an aquatic insect survey in three states in the Northeast region of Brazil, we collected two new species of Ephydrolithus in the states of Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco, one of the new species collected in the two latter states, represent the first record of this genus outside the Espinhaço Mountain Range, expanding its distribution to other Brazilian states.

Guidelines for species descriptions of free-living aquatic nematodes: characters, measurements and their presentation in taxonomic publications.

Free-living aquatic nematodes are abundant, diverse and of general environmental importance. However, knowledge of species distributions of both marine and freshwater nematodes is sparse. Species distribution data are crucial for evaluating environmental impacts from human activities and to conduct integrated nematode community assessments.

First records of Glyphus marsupialis Filhol, 1884 (Decapoda: Pasiphaeidae) in southwestern Atlantic deep waters and extensions of the known distribution of two Pasiphaea species.

The Pasiphaeidae Dana, 1852 are a marine shrimp family occurring in both shallow and deeper waters, with its greatest diversity occurring in tropical and subtropical deep seas. This family includes seven genera and 104 species, and is globally distributed. Currently, the genus Pasiphaea Savigny, 1816 includes 73 species, seven of them recorded in the southwestern Atlantic.

Differential gene expression analysis supports dysregulation of mitochondrial activity as a new perspective for glioblastoma's aggressiveness.

Brain cancer is considered one of the most aggressive and lethal types of cancer, including primary tumors, being subdivided into milder forms such as low-grade gliomas and glioblastoma, considered the most aggressive form with higher invasion. Among the hallmarks of glioblastoma, the deregulation of mitochondrial metabolism has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the search for mitochondrial biomarkers that can be used as indicators of the progression of this type of cancer is necessary.

Molecular identification of whole squids and calamari at fairs and markets in regions of Latin America.

The commercial importance of cephalopods has increased considerably, being an important fishing resource. However, during the preparation for commercialization of those species, they suffer the process known as "finning" which includes removing and separating the head, arm, skin or even having the body structure cut into rings, which ends up making it difficult or often prevents the identification of the species, which can lead to replacements. In this sense, the present study aimed to use the large ribosomal region, rrnL (16S rDNA) to genetically identify cephalopod species sold in markets and fairs in Latin America.

Plastic nests or blue nests? The need for taxonomic rigor in studies on interactions between birds and plastics.

Interactions between birds and plastics cause several damages like death due to entanglement and blockage of the digestive tract. However, the impacts of plastics on both marine and terrestrial bird nests require further investigation. Recently, Lopes et al.

Efficiency in using genera and families of heteroptera for stream biomonitoring in the Cerrado Biome, Eastern Maranhão, Brazil.

Heteroptera are aquatic insects sensitive to environmental impacts that are frequently used in biomonitoring programs. Resolving families and genera provides consistent responses and can be a useful alternative to accelerate monitoring results and simplify protocols. Our objective was to evaluate which taxonomic levels may be more effective in assessing environmental impacts by testing the following hypotheses: (i) higher taxa of Heteroptera (family and genus) will present congruence with lower taxa (species); (ii) the environmental integrity of the stream will affect the composition of the family, genera and species and will create change points in the abundance and frequency of each taxon.

Impact of masticatory activity and rehabilitation on astrocyte morphology across the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus: Insights from the outer, medial, and inner sublayers and their relationship with spatial learning and memory.

The dentate gyrus plays a crucial role in learning and spatial memory, particularly in its middle third molecular layer, which receives the primary afferent input via the medial perforant path. Interestingly, changes in masticatory activity are described to affect this region with visible astrogliosis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, affecting synaptic physiology, and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of altered masticatory activity on spatial memory in young Swiss albino mice, correlating these effects with morphological changes in astrocytes.

Dysregulation in the microbiota by HBV and HCV infection induces an altered cytokine profile in the pathobiome of infection.

Viral hepatitis is a public health problem, about 1 million people die due to complications of this viral disease, the etiological agents responsible for inducing cirrhosis and cellular hepatocarcinoma are HBV and HCV, both hepatotropic viruses that cause asymptomatic infection in most cases. The regulation of the microbiota performs many physiological functions, which can induce normal intestinal function and produce essential nutrients for the human body. Metabolites derived from gut microbiota or direct regulation of host immunity and metabolism have been reported to profoundly affect tumorigenesis in liver disease.

Use of marine anthropogenic litter as a potential risk of pollution to the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) on the beaches of the Brazilian Amazon coast.

Marine anthropogenic litter (MAL) pollution is a growing concern in coastal environments. These ecosystems are home to rich biodiversity but face significant challenges due to the accumulation of plastics and other solid waste, compromising the region's natural aesthetics and environmental health. This study investigates how marine pollution and the accumulation of MAL impact these ecosystems.