Design-related bias in studies investigating diagnostic tests for venous thromboembolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early detection and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism are vital for effective treatment. To what extent methodological shortcomings exist in studies of diagnostic tests and whether this affects published test performance is unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the methodological quality of studies evaluating diagnostic tests for venous thromboembolic diseases and quantify the direction and impact of design characteristics on diagnostic performance.

Brief report: effects of methylphenidate on the light adapted electroretinogram.

Purpose: To explore changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) following methylphenidate use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Light adapted ERGs were recorded in five individuals (3 male and 2 female, age range 13.6-21.

Multicenter Validation of the Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Rating Scale Questionnaire.

Background And Objectives: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) causes disabling ocular symptoms of ptosis and diplopia, but a validated disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) has not been reported. We sought to validate a novel PROM for OMG, OMG Rating Scale Questionnaire (OMGRate-q), as a measure of visual functioning to support patient-centered care.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients aged 18 years and older with OMG receiving care at 3 medical centers (January 2022-October 2023).

The FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial: Study Design.

Purpose: To report the design of FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical therapy for TT surgery (FLAME) trial.

Design: Parallel design, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 1:1 randomization to fluorometholone 0.1% eye drops twice daily or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks in eyes undergoing trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery for assessing the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of fluorometholone 0.

Long-Acting Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Consensus Statement.

Context: Several long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapies have recently become available, but guidance on their usage in children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is limited.

Methods: International experts in pediatric endocrinology were invited to join a consensus group based on their expertise in treating children with daily GH and LAGH. The group comprised 11 experts from 10 countries across the world.

Changes in Waveguiding Cone Photoreceptors and Color Vision in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: Although it is well known that photoreceptor damage and color vision loss occur in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), the relationship between structural and functional changes in diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. Using highly sensitive measures of photoreceptor structure and function, we aim to determine whether early loss of color sensitivity in DM is also accompanied by decreased cone density.

Methods: Monocular data from 26 patients with DM and 25 healthy controls were examined to assess cone photoreceptor metrics, using confocal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy, and red/green (RG) and yellow/blue (YB) color vision thresholds, using the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis test.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of choroidal haemangiomas.

Purpose: To investigate the use of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of subretinal (SRF) and intraretinal fluid associated with circumscribed choroidal haemangiomas (CCH).

Methods: This was a retrospective review of all patients treated with at least 3 bevacizumab injections for CCH-associated SRF between May 2020 and August 2023 in Moorfields eye hospital. Outcome measures included change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), change in patient reported symptoms, change in SRF and change in central subfield thickness (CSFT).

Stage 1 Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudodrusen-Like Appearance Complicated by Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome-Like Reaction.

Purpose: To describe a case of early-stage Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudodrusen-like appearance (EMAP) presenting with acute monocular loss and atypical retinal lesions suggestive of posterior uveitis.

Methods: Case report with longitudinal follow-up including visual field testing and multimodal imaging.

Results: A 53-year-old woman presented with sudden vision loss in her right eye (RE).

Visual and anatomical failure of anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vascular diseases: a survival analysis of real-world data.

Importance: Predicting undesirable outcomes following anti-VEGF initiation in macular oedema is critical for effective clinical decision-making and optimised care.

Objective: To estimate the time to undesirable events in diabetic macular oedema (DMO), central and branch vein occlusions (CRVO and BRVO) after appropriate loading doses with either ranibizumab or aflibercept and identified baseline predictors of negative outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 3277 patients (N = 2107 in DMO, N = 413 in CRVO and N = 757 in BRVO) collected over a 10-year period, in a large UK tertiary centre.

Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank.

Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank.

Heterogeneity of aerobic fitness changes with exercise training in progressive multiple sclerosis: Secondary, exploratory analysis of data from the CogEx trial.

Background: There is heterogeneity of aerobic fitness (VO) changes with a standardized exercise training stimulus in the general population (i.e. some participants demonstrate improvements, others no change, and some a reduction in VO).

A Novel De Novo Missense Variant in Netrin-1 (NTN1) Associated With Chorioretinal Coloboma, Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Polydactyly.

Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) comprise a highly heterogeneous spectrum of congenital ocular malformations with an estimated incidence of 1 in 5000 to 1 in 30 000 live births. Although there is likely to be a genetic component in the majority of cases, many remain without a molecular diagnosis. Netrin-1 was previously identified as a mediator of optic fissure closure from transcriptome analyses of chick and zebrafish and was shown to cause ocular coloboma when knocked out in both mouse and zebrafish.

Patient-Reported Experience Measurements From Individuals With Inherited Retinal Disorders Involved in Observational Research.

Purpose: Inherited retinal disorders (IRD) are a complex group of conditions. By developing the first patient-reported experience measurement (PREM) questionnaire tailored for individuals with IRD participating in natural history studies, we gathered information on individuals' views of their experience while they are involved in research.

Methods: Adults with IRD who (i) were enrolled in a natural history study taking place at Moorfields Eye Hospital (London, UK), (ii) had attended at least two study visits, (iii) the most recent one being less than two weeks before the questionnaire, and (iv) who were not involved in interventional research, were considered for participation.

Edridge Green Lecture 2022-demystifying clinical trials and regulatory approvals in drug development.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of clinical trial design and regulatory pathways essential for drug development, specifically in the context of retinal diseases. Key concepts include trial structure, efficacy and safety endpoints, and regulatory expectations from agencies like the FDA. It delves into recent regulatory advancements, such as the inclusion of low-luminance vision as a secondary endpoint and analyses case studies from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) trials.

Bifocal retinal degeneration observed on ultra-widefield autofluorescence in some cases of CRX-associated retinopathy.

Background: Variants in CRX are associated with dominantly inherited retinopathy with considerable phenotypic variability. Many patients have central retinal degeneration; in some patients, we have observed an additional focus of degeneration in the nasal retina. This study explores this phenotypic association amongst patients with CRX-associated disease.

Impact of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review.

Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively explore the consequences of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.

Design: Systematic review and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM).

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to 21 March 2023, in addition to grey literature searches, reference cross-checking and study recommendations.

Treatment options for chronic hypotony: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Chronic ocular hypotony (low intraocular pressure (IOP)) is a potentially sight-threatening condition. Although there is some controversy as to what constitutes non-physiological IOP, generally it is accepted as an IOP of 6.5 mm Hg or less, measured on three separate occasions and lasting for at least 3 months.

A Pax3 lineage gives rise to transient haematopoietic progenitors.

During embryonic development, muscle tissues, skin, and a subset of vascular endothelial cells arise from Pax3-expressing embryonic progenitors defined as paraxial mesoderm. By contrast, haemogenic potential is well established for extra-embryonic mesoderm and intra-embryonic lateral plate mesoderm, which do not express Pax3. To date, it is not known whether the haematopoietic system also contains Pax3 lineage cells.

Implementation and validation of single-cell genomics experiments in neuroscience.

Single-cell or single-nucleus transcriptomics is a powerful tool for identifying cell types and cell states. However, hypotheses derived from these assays, including gene expression information, require validation, and their functional relevance needs to be established. The choice of validation depends on numerous factors.

Opportunities and challenges of single-cell and spatially resolved genomics methods for neuroscience discovery.

Over the past decade, single-cell genomics technologies have allowed scalable profiling of cell-type-specific features, which has substantially increased our ability to study cellular diversity and transcriptional programs in heterogeneous tissues. Yet our understanding of mechanisms of gene regulation or the rules that govern interactions between cell types is still limited. The advent of new computational pipelines and technologies, such as single-cell epigenomics and spatially resolved transcriptomics, has created opportunities to explore two new axes of biological variation: cell-intrinsic regulation of cell states and expression programs and interactions between cells.