Platform adaptive trial of novel antivirals for early treatment of COVID-19 In the community (PANORAMIC): protocol for a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial of community novel antiviral treatment of COVID-19 in people at increased risk of more severe disease.

Introduction: There is an urgent need to determine the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of novel antiviral treatments for COVID-19 in vaccinated patients in the community at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.

Methods And Analysis: PANORAMIC is a UK-wide, open-label, prospective, adaptive, multiarm platform, randomised clinical trial that evaluates antiviral treatments for COVID-19 in the community. A master protocol governs the addition of new antiviral treatments as they become available, and the introduction and cessation of existing interventions via interim analyses.

COVID-19 in congenital heart disease (COaCHeD) study.

Background: COVID-19 has caused significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is likely to increase vulnerability and understanding the predictors of adverse outcomes is key to optimising care.

Objective: Ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on people with CHD and define risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Ocular Inflammatory Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in the Paediatric Population: A Multinational Case Series.

Background: Ocular inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported in the adult population.

Methods: Multinational case series of patients under the age of 18 diagnosed with ocular inflammatory events within 28 days of COVID-19 vaccination.

Results: Twenty individuals were included.

Exploring predictors and moderators of response to multimodal obesity treatment in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether specific psychological factors influence intervention effects for children with severe obesity in a clinical setting.

Design: Secondary analyses of data about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characteristics, body satisfaction, social and emotional functioning, and the primary outcome, change in body mass index (BMI), were available for 41 out of 72 children and their families randomised to family-based behavioural treatment over 6 months or waiting list control. Regression analyses, with an interaction term for treatment condition, were performed to explore baseline factors and moderators of outcome.

Avoidable childhood blindness in a high-income country: findings from the British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2.

Background/aims: Addressing childhood visual disability is an international priority, with data on causes needed to plan, implement and evaluate public health and clinical care. We have examined the contribution of 'avoidable' blinding disorders to childhood visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness (VI/SVIBL) in the UK.

Methods: National prospective observational longitudinal study, the British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2 (BCVIS2), of children (aged 18 years or under) newly diagnosed with vision worse than 0.

Establishing risk factors and outcomes for congenital hypothyroidism with gland in situ using population-based data linkage methods: study protocol.

Introduction: There has been an increase in the birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the introduction of newborn screening, both globally and in the UK. This increase can be accounted for by an increase in CH with gland in situ (CH-GIS). It is not known why CH-GIS is becoming more common, nor how it affects the health, development and learning of children over the long term.

Impact of COVID-19 on outpatient appointments in children and young people in England: an observational study.

Objectives: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient appointments for children and young people.

Setting: All National Health Service (public) hospitals in England.

Participants: All people in England aged <25 years.

Impact of COVID-19 on primary care contacts with children and young people in England: longitudinal trends study 2015-2020.

Background: The NHS response to COVID-19 altered provision and access to primary care.

Aim: To examine the impact of COVID-19 on GP contacts with children and young people (CYP) in England.

Design And Setting: A longitudinal trends analysis was undertaken using electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database.

A qualitative exploration of family members' perspectives on reducing and discontinuing antipsychotic medication.

Background: Antipsychotics are routinely prescribed to people diagnosed with schizophrenia or psychosis on a long-term basis. Considerable literature explores service users' opinions and experiences of antipsychotics, but studies investigating family members' views are lacking.

Aims: To explore family members' perspectives on antipsychotics, particularly their views on long-term use, reduction and discontinuation of antipsychotics.

Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) in children: a modified Delphi process.

Objective: The aim of this study was to derive a research definition for 'Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition)' in children and young people (CYP) to allow comparisons between research studies.

Design: A three-phase online Delphi process was used, followed by a consensus meeting. Participants were presented with 49 statements in each phase and scored them from 1 to 9 based on how important they were for inclusion in the research definition of Long COVID in CYP.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of anterior segment optical coherence tomography capture of disease state in childhood anterior uveitis.

Background/aims: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) assessment of anterior chamber inflammation is an emerging tool. We describe the performance of AS-OCT in a paediatric population.

Methods: A mixed-methods prospective study, using routine clinical assessment as reference standard, and AS-OCT, with Tomey CASIA2 or Heidelberg Spectralis HS1, as index test, with data collected on patient perceptions of imaging.

Paediatric tic-like presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background And Aim: Clinical centres have seen an increase in tic-like movements during the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of children and adolescents are described.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 34 consecutive paediatric patients presenting with sudden onset tic-like movements, seen over 6 months.

Impaired vision and physical activity in childhood and adolescence: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.

Background/aims: Investigate if impaired vision is associated with reduced levels and differences in types of physical activity (PA) to identify barriers or enablers to achieving healthy PA levels.

Methods: Data from the Millennium Cohort Study of children born in the UK in 2000-2001 and followed-up to age 14 years (=11 571). Using parental report on eye conditions coded by clinicians, children were categorised as having no, unilateral or bilateral impaired vision.

Cohort profile: a national, population-based cohort of children born after assisted conception in the UK (1992-2009): methodology and birthweight analysis.

Purpose: To generate a large cohort of children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the UK between 1992 and 2009, their naturally conceived siblings (NCS) and matched naturally conceived population (NCP) controls and linking this with health outcome data to allow exploration of the effects of ART. The effects of fresh and frozen embryo transfer on birth weight (BW) were analysed to test the validity of the cohort.

Participants: Children recorded on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) register as being born after ART between 1992 and 2009, their NCS and matched NCP controls linked to Office for National Statistics birth registration dataset (HFEA-ONS cohort).

Bibliography of published COVID-19 in children literature.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest worldwide health challenge in this century. Research concerning the role of children in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and investigating the clinical effects of infection in children, has been vital. This paper describes the publication trend for pertinent scientific literature relating to COVID-19 in children during the first 6 months of the pandemic.

Study protocol for randomised clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of side-lying sleep positioning to back-lying at reducing oxygen desaturation resulting from obstructive sleep apnoea in infants with cleft palate (SLUMBRS2).

Introduction: The craniofacial abnormalities found in infants with cleft palate (CP) decrease their airway patency and increase their risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We hypothesise that optimising sleep position in infants with CP may improve airway patency and offer a 'low-cost, high-impact' intervention to prevent the negative impacts of OSA. Because cleft centres give inconsistent advice about sleep position: some recommend back-lying and others side-lying, we will compare these in a randomised controlled trial.

Systematic review of reviews of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

Objective: To undertake a systematic review of reviews of the prevalence of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in those aged under 20 years.

Design: Narrative systematic review of reviews. PubMed, medRxiv, Europe PMC and COVID-19 Living Evidence Database were searched on 9 October 2020.

Feasibility of using patient-reported outcome measures with visually impaired children/young people attending paediatric ophthalmology clinics.

Objective: To explore feasibility of using child/young person patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) routinely in practice, using vision-specific instruments and paediatric ophthalmology as the exemplar.

Methods: Participants comprised patients aged 8-17 years, with visual impairment or low vision (visual acuity of the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) worse than 0.3 in the better eye), attending the Department of Ophthalmology at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.