Quality of life and satisfaction among physicians after wavefront-optimized vs topography-guided laser vision correction.

Purpose: To assess satisfaction, quality of life, occupational impact, and clinical outcomes of physicians who have undergone laser vision correction (LVC) using either wavefront-optimized (WFO) or topography-guided (TG) excimer laser ablation profile with femtosecond laser flap creation.

Setting: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Design: Retrospective survey study.

Ocular Anterior Segment Pathology in the Emergency Department: A 5-Year Study.

Introduction: Patients with ocular complaints frequently present to emergency departments (EDs) for care. Emergency department practitioners are often the first to evaluate these patients and determine the next steps in their care, which can be a challenging task. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of anterior segment pathology in the setting of the ED in hopes that this information will be useful in creating more effective management algorithms.

Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Absence of Zonular Support: An Outcomes and Safety Update: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To review the published literature on the visual acuity results and complications of different surgical techniques for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the absence of zonular support.

Methods: Peer-reviewed literature searches were conducted last in PubMed and the Cochrane Library in July 2019. The searches yielded 734 citations of articles published in English.

Combined Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant and Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement for Uveitic Glaucoma.

Precis: At 1-year postoperative follow-up, concurrent placement of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant and glaucoma drainage device effectively controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) and inflammation in eyes with uveitic glaucoma with no changes in systemic immunomodulatory therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess 1-year postoperative outcomes in eyes with uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma following concurrent placement of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant and glaucoma drainage device.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective, observational case series of patients with chronic, noninfectious uveitis and uveitic glaucoma uncontrolled on maximal tolerated medical therapy with at least 1-year postoperative follow-up.

Automated quantification of choriocapillaris anatomical features in ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography angiograms.

visualization and quantification of choriocapillaris vascular anatomy is a fundamental step in understanding the relation between choriocapillaris degradation and atrophic retinopathies, including geographic atrophy. We describe a process utilizing ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography and a custom-designed "local min-max normalized masking" algorithm to extract anatomical metrics of the choriocapillaris. We used a swept-source optical coherence tomography system with a 1.

Adaptive optics in the mouse eye: wavefront sensing based vs. image-guided aberration correction.

Adaptive Optics (AO) is required to achieve diffraction limited resolution in many real-life imaging applications in biology and medicine. AO is essential to guarantee high fidelity visualization of cellular structures for retinal imaging by correcting ocular aberrations. Aberration correction for mouse retinal imaging by direct wavefront measurement has been demonstrated with great success.

Autologous Serum-Based Eye Drops for Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To describe the safety and effectiveness of using autologous serum-based eye drops for the treatment of severe dry eye and persistent corneal epithelial defect.

Methods: Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were conducted most recently in March 2019. The searches identified 281 citations, which were reviewed in abstract form.

A Simple 60-Second Swelling Technique for More Consistent Ultrathin DSAEK Graft Preparation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a simple but novel 60-second swelling technique for ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) graft preparation. In addition, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in obtaining thinner DSAEK grafts more consistently without compromising graft quality.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study comparing standard DSAEK preparation using an ML7 Microkeratome Donor Cornea System (Med-Logics Inc, Athens, TX) with an additional 60 seconds of stromal swelling with a balanced salt solution after the removal of the epithelium but before the microkeratome pass.

Directional optical coherence tomography reveals melanin concentration-dependent scattering properties of retinal pigment epithelium.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful tool in ophthalmology that provides in vivo morphology of the retinal layers and their light scattering properties. The directional (angular) reflectivity of the retinal layers was investigated with focus on the scattering from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The directional scattering of the RPE was studied in three mice strains with three distinct melanin concentrations: albino (BALB/c), agouti (129S1/SvlmJ), and strongly pigmented (C57BL/6J).

Functional retinal imaging using adaptive optics swept-source OCT at 1.6 MHz.

Objective optical assessment of photoreceptor function may permit earlier diagnosis of retinal disease than current methods such as perimetry, electrophysiology, and clinical imaging. In this work, we describe an adaptive optics (AO) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system designed to measure functional responses of single cones to visible stimuli. The OCT subsystem consisted of a raster-scanning Fourier-domain mode-locked laser that acquires A scans at 1.

Aperture phase modulation with adaptive optics: a novel approach for speckle reduction and structure extraction in optical coherence tomography.

Speckle is an inevitable consequence of the use of coherent light in imaging and acts as noise that corrupts image formation in most applications. Optical coherence tomographic imaging, as a technique employing coherence time gating, suffers from speckle. We present here a novel method of suppressing speckle noise intrinsically compatible with adaptive optics (AO) for confocal coherent imaging: modulation of the phase in the system pupil aperture with a segmented deformable mirror (DM) to introduce minor perturbations in the point spread function.

New developments in tube shunt surgery.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews recent studies related to tube shunt surgery.

Recent Findings: Medical claims data and surveys of glaucoma surgeons demonstrate that tube shunts are being selected with increasing frequency as an alternative to trabeculectomy. A 5-year pooled analysis of the Ahmed Baerveldt comparison study and Ahmed versus Baerveldt study found a higher rate of surgical success with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant compared with the Ahmed glaucoma valve, but Baerveldt implantation carried a higher risk of hypotony.

Intraframe motion correction for raster-scanned adaptive optics images using strip-based cross-correlation lag biases.

In retinal raster imaging modalities, fixational eye movements manifest as image warp, where the relative positions of the beam and retina change during the acquisition of single frames. To remove warp artifacts, strip-based registration methods-in which fast-axis strips from target images are registered to a reference frame-have been applied in adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This approach has enabled object tracking and frame averaging, and methods have been described to automatically select reference frames with minimal motion.

Sjogren's syndrome in optometric practices in North America.

Purpose: To describe the presentation of dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in optometric practices, to report on the methodology used in dry eye monitoring and to explore the level of corneal staining versus age and time of disease.

Methods: Records of SS patients were reviewed in 6 optometric sites. A standardized abstraction tool was developed to collect data from the records including: health history, medications and symptoms and signs of dry eye.

Oral Memantine for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Design and Results of 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral memantine as a potential neuroprotective agent in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) at risk for progression.

Design: Two randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, 48-month studies identically designed, initiated 1 year apart, and completed in 2006. Protocol amendments included a 1-year extension (first study) and change in primary endpoint and analysis (second study).

Customary practices in the monitoring of dry eye disease in Sjogren's syndrome.

Purpose: Diagnostic testing for dry eye disease (DED) in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is well described. Little is published about monitoring this systemic autoimmune DED. We analyzed the SS related DED tests used in North American optometric practices and compared academic settings to private practice settings.

Self-reported healthcare utilization by adults with diabetic retinopathy in the United States.

Purpose: To assess healthcare utilization patterns across diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity levels in the United States (US).

Design: Cross-sectional study of 699 adults, participating in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys.

Methods: Diagnosis of DR was based on fundus photographs and categorized as: (1) no DR; (2) mild/moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR); and (3) severe NPDR/proliferative DR (PDR).

Effects of 5% sodium chloride ophthalmic ointment on thickness and morphology of the normal canine cornea.

Objective: To determine the effect of 5% sodium chloride ophthalmic ointment (5% NaCl) on thickness and morphology of the normal canine cornea using ultrasonic pachymetry (USP), in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT).

Methods: Five healthy laboratory Beagles received ophthalmic examinations including USP, IVCM, and FD-OCT prior to and at fixed intervals following treatment. The right and left eyes were treated with 5% NaCl and artificial tears ophthalmic ointment (AT), respectively, every 2 hours for 4 treatments/d (days 2-9), and then hourly for 7 treatments/d (day 10).

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: acute keratitis.

Purpose Of Review: Herpes zoster is a common condition, and involvement of the trigeminal nerve results in herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Acute keratitis is one of the most common of these ocular complications associated with HZO. The findings associated with and the management of acute zoster keratitis will be reviewed.

Effect of a contact lens on mouse retinal in vivo imaging: Effective focal length changes and monochromatic aberrations.

For in vivo mouse retinal imaging, especially with Adaptive Optics instruments, application of a contact lens is desirable, as it allows maintenance of cornea hydration and helps to prevent cataract formation during lengthy imaging sessions. However, since the refractive elements of the eye (cornea and lens) serve as the objective for most in vivo retinal imaging systems, the use of a contact lens, even with 0 Dpt. refractive power, can alter the system's optical properties.

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: Safety and Outcomes: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To review the published literature on the safety and outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.

Methods: Literature searches were last conducted in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases most recently in May 2017. The searches, which were limited to English-language abstracts, yielded 1085 articles.

Vision-Related Functional Burden of Diabetic Retinopathy Across Severity Levels in the United States.

Importance: Among adults with diabetes in the United States, severe forms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are significantly associated with a greater vision-related functional burden.

Objective: To assess the functional burden of DR across severity levels in the United States.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was based on 1004 participants 40 years or older with diabetes and valid ocular and sociodemographic outcomes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (2005-2006 and 2007-2008).

Role of Tractional Forces and Internal Limiting Membrane in Macular Hole Formation: Insights from Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography.

We report the case of a 69-year-old patient who underwent vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction (VMT) and developed a postoperative macular hole that was observed 1 week after surgery. The hole did not close by in-office fluid-gas exchange alone, but was achieved after repeat surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) images from the first surgery revealed an occult macular hole that formed after VMT release.

Presumptive keratoglobus in a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus).

A juvenile to young adult, male, great horned owl (Bubo virginianus,GHOW) was presented to the wildlife rehabilitation hospital at Lindsay Wildlife Museum (WRHLWM) due to trauma to the right patagium from barbed wire entanglement. On presentation, both corneas were irregular, dry, and no movement of the third eyelid was noted. A severe corneal enlargement/globoid appearance was the predominant ophthalmic feature.