The impact of different lifestyle factors on disability in multiple sclerosis at older ages: a monocentric retrospective study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.8 million people worldwide. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, various lifestyle factors contribute to disease development and progression.

Definition of Virological Endpoints Improving the Design of HIV Cure Strategies Using Analytical Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption.

Background: Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is the gold standard in HIV research for assessing the capability of new therapeutic strategies to control viremia without antiretroviral treatment (ART). The viral setpoint is commonly used as endpoint to evaluate their efficacy. However, in line with recommendations from a consensus meeting, to minimize the risk of increased viremia without ART, trials often implement short ATI phases and stringent virological ART restart criteria.

Environment and child well-being: A scoping review of reviews to guide policies.

Background: Acting on social determinants is the most effective, efficient, and fairest strategy to improve population health and health equity. Because of their vulnerability and dependence, children are particularly exposed to the deleterious effects of their living environment. Taking these issues into account in the development of public policies and identifying levers for action are crucial.

[REIN: a tool to highlight inequalities in health].

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the REIN (French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network), a summary work on the contributions of the national French ESKD register was carried out. On the issue of Social Inequalities in Health, the following key messages were retained. Social inequalities in health exist throughout the journey of a patient with chronic kidney disease and manifest as territorial inequalities in access to home-based or independent dialysis treatment and to transplant, whether preemptive or otherwise.

Integrating services for HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A global cross-sectional survey among ART clinics in low- and middle-income countries.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among PLHIV and multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB) is associated with high mortality. We examined the management for adult PLHIV coinfected with MDR-TB at ART clinics in lower income countries. Between 2019 and 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at 29 ART clinics in high TB burden countries within the global IeDEA network.

Global Variations in Event-Based Surveillance for Disease Outbreak Detection: Time Series Analysis.

Background: Robust and flexible infectious disease surveillance is crucial for public health. Event-based surveillance (EBS) was developed to allow timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks by using mostly web-based data. Despite its widespread use, EBS has not been evaluated systematically on a global scale in terms of outbreak detection performance.

Head and neck cancer and asbestos exposure.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse, within a French cohort of workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos, incidence and mortality from various sites of head and neck cancers (larynx excluded) and to examine the potential link of these cancers with pleural plaques.

Methods: A 10-year follow-up study was conducted in the 13 481 male subjects included in the cohort between October 2003 and December 2005. Asbestos exposure was assessed by industrial hygienist analysis of a standardised questionnaire.

Incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in seropositive kidney transplant recipients treated with everolimus: A randomized, open-label, multicenter phase 4 trial.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) persists as the most frequent opportunistic infection among solid organ transplant recipients. This multicenter trial aimed to test whether treatment with everolimus (EVR) could decrease the incidence of CMV DNAemia and disease. We randomized 186 CMV seropositive kidney transplant recipients in a 1:1 ratio to receive EVR or mycophenolic acid (MPA) in association with basiliximab, cyclosporin, and steroids and 87 in each group were analyzed.

mTOR Inhibitors Prevent CMV Infection through the Restoration of Functional αβ and γδ T cells in Kidney Transplantation.

Background: The reported association of mTOR-inhibitor (mTORi) treatment with a lower incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who are CMV seropositive (R+) remains unexplained.

Methods: The incidence of CMV infection and T-cell profile was compared between KTRs treated with mTORis and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and mTORi effects on T-cell phenotype and functions were analyzed.

Results: In KTRs who were R+ and treated with MPA, both and T cells displayed a more dysfunctional phenotype (PD-1+, CD85j+) at day 0 of transplantation in the 16 KTRs with severe CMV infection, as compared with the 17 KTRs without or with spontaneously resolving CMV infection.

Development of a fixed module repertoire for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data.

As the capacity for generating large-scale molecular profiling data continues to grow, the ability to extract meaningful biological knowledge from it remains a limitation. Here, we describe the development of a new fixed repertoire of transcriptional modules, BloodGen3, that is designed to serve as a stable reusable framework for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data. The construction of this repertoire is based on co-clustering patterns observed across sixteen immunological and physiological states encompassing 985 blood transcriptome profiles.

Patients' experience one year after dialysis initiation: a lexicometric analysis.

Background: Dialysis implies huge changes in patients' lives. Yet, there is a need to better understand patients' experience in the time following dialysis initiation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate patients' experience of dialysis a year after treatment initiation and the associations between patients' discourse and their anxiety and depression symptoms.

Skin autofluorescence predicts cancer in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Subjects with type 2 diabetes have an excess risk of cancer. The potential role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulated during long-term hyperglycemia in cancer development has been suggested by biological studies but clinical data are missing. AGEs can be estimated by measuring the skin autofluorescence.

Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors.

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a severe type of stroke. To discover new risk loci and the genetic architecture of intracranial aneurysms, we performed a cross-ancestry, genome-wide association study in 10,754 cases and 306,882 controls of European and East Asian ancestry. We discovered 17 risk loci, 11 of which are new.

Comparing psychotic experiences in low-and-middle-income-countries and high-income-countries with a focus on measurement invariance.

Background: The prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) is higher in low-and-middle-income-countries (LAMIC) than in high-income countries (HIC). Here, we examine whether this effect is explicable by measurement bias.

Methods: A community sample from 13 countries ( = 7141) was used to examine the measurement invariance (MI) of a frequently used self-report measure of PEs, the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), in LAMIC ( = 2472) and HIC ( = 4669).

Changes Over Time of Diffusion MRI in the White Matter of Aging Brain, a Good Predictor of Verbal Recall.

: Extensive research using water-diffusion MRI reported age-related modifications of cerebral White Matter (WM). Moreover, water-diffusion parameter modifications have been frequently associated with cognitive performances in the elderly sample, reinforcing the idea of aging inducing microstructural disconnection of the brain which in turn impacts cognition. However, only few studies really assessed over-time modifications of these parameters and their relationship with episodic memory outcome of elderly.

Association between visual impairment and cognitive disorders in low-and-middle income countries: a systematic review.

Objectives: Visual impairment and cognitive disorders are common among older people in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Several recent studies performed in High-Income Countries suggested that visual impairment is associated with cognitive disorders. However, no synthesis of current knowledge exists for LMIC.

Random forests for high-dimensional longitudinal data.

Random forests are one of the state-of-the-art supervised machine learning methods and achieve good performance in high-dimensional settings where , the number of predictors, is much larger than , the number of observations. Repeated measurements provide, in general, additional information, hence they are worth accounted especially when analyzing high-dimensional data. Tree-based methods have already been adapted to clustered and longitudinal data by using a semi-parametric mixed effects model, in which the non-parametric part is estimated using regression trees or random forests.

Design and Rationale of the ERA-CVD Consortium PREMED-CAD-Precision Medicine in Coronary Artery Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprise 45% of all deaths in Europe and causes 3.9 million deaths annually. Coronary artery disease (CAD) which includes myocardial infarction (MI) represents the most common form of CVD.