Molecular Screening and Characterization of Enteric Protozoan Parasites and Microsporidia in Wild Ducks from Portugal.

Enteric parasites pose significant threats to both human and veterinary health, ranking among the top causes of mortality worldwide. Wild migratory waterfowl, such as ducks, may serve as hosts and vectors for these parasites, facilitating their transmission across ecosystems. This study conducted a molecular screening of enteric parasites in three species of wild ducks of the genus (, and ) from Portugal, targeting sp.

The neglected giants: Uncovering the prevalence and functional groups of huge proteins in proteomes.

An often-overlooked aspect of biology is formed by the outliers of the protein length distribution, specifically those proteins with more than 5000 amino acids, which we refer to as huge proteins (HPs). By examining UniprotKB, we discovered more than 41 000 HPs throughout the tree of life, with the majority found in eukaryotes. Notably, the phyla with the highest propensity for HPs are Apicomplexa and Fornicata.

Large-Scale Molecular Epidemiological Survey of sp. among Herbivores in Egypt and Assessment of Potential Zoonotic Risk.

Given the proven zoonotic potential of the intestinal protozoan sp., a fast-growing number of surveys are being conducted to identify potential animal reservoirs for transmission of the parasite. Nevertheless, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on farmed animals in Egypt.

Molecular Identification and Subtype Analysis of sp. Isolates from Wild Mussels () in Northern France.

sp. is the most common single-celled eukaryote colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Because of the proven zoonotic potential of this protozoan, sustained research is therefore focused on identifying various reservoirs of transmission to humans, and in particular animal sources.

as a novel next generation probiotic against influenza.

The gut-lung axis is critical during viral respiratory infections such as influenza. Gut dysbiosis during infection translates into a massive drop of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among them, butyrate is important during influenza suggesting that microbiome-based therapeutics targeting butyrate might hold promises.

Frequency and Molecular Identification of in Adult Prim'Holstein Dairy Cattle Farms in the North of France.

apicomplexan protozoa are ubiquitous intracellular agents affecting humans and animals. In particular, bovine cryptosporidiosis is recognized as endemic worldwide. However, epidemiological investigations remain limited in France regarding the burden of these parasites in cattle.

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of the Enteric Protozoan Parasite sp. in the Northern Egypt Population.

sp. is currently reported as the most frequent single-celled eukaryote inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animal groups. Its prevalence is especially higher in developing countries linked with fecal peril.

Cytotoxic innate intraepithelial lymphocytes control early stages of infection.

Background: Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are the first immune cells to contact and fight intestinal pathogens such as , a widespread parasite which infects the gut epithelium. IFN-γ producing CD4 T IELs provide an efficient and a long-term protection against cryptosporidiosis while intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells limits pathogen spreading during early stages of infection in immunodeficient individuals. Yet, the role of T-cell like innate IELs, the most frequent subset of innate lymphocytes in the gut, remains unknown.

Activation of Nod2 signaling upon norovirus infection enhances antiviral immunity and susceptibility to colitis.

Over 90% of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis are caused by human noroviruses (NoVs), which persist in a substantial subset of people allowing their spread worldwide. This has led to a significant number of endemic cases and up to 70,000 children deaths in developing countries. NoVs are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Prevalence and Association of spp., spp., and sp. in Poultry.

Poultry and poultry meat are considered the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. However, data about the occurrence of and concomitantly with intestinal protozoa such as sp. in poultry remain very scarce.

Uptake of ozone by allergenic pollen grains.

Ozone exacerbates allergy symptoms to certain pollens. The molecular mechanisms by which ozone affects pollen grains (PGs) and allergies are not fully understood, especially as the effects of pollutants may vary depending on the type of pollen. In this work, pollens of 22 different taxa were exposed under laboratory conditions to ozone (100 ppb) to quantify the ozone uptake by the PGs.

Bact-to-Batch: A Microbiota-Based Tool to Determine Optimal Animal Allocation in Experimental Designs.

The basis of any animal experimentation begins with the housing of animals that should take into account the need for splitting animals into similar groups. Even if it is generally recommended to use the minimum number of animals necessary to obtain reliable and statistically significant results (3Rs rule), the allocation of animals is currently mostly based on randomness. Since variability in gut microbiota is an important confounding factor in animal experiments, the main objective of this study was to develop a new approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota of animals participating in an experiment, in order to correctly assign the animals across batches.

Corrigendum: coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (SmCARM1) effect on parasite reproduction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (SmCARM1) effect on parasite reproduction.

Introduction: The human blood fluke parasite relies on diverse mechanisms to adapt to its diverse environments and hosts. Epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in gene expression regulation, culminating in such adaptations. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) promote posttranslational modifications, modulating the function of histones and non-histone targets.

Prevalence, Subtype Distribution and Zoonotic Significance of sp. Isolates from Poultry, Cattle and Pets in Northern Egypt.

sp. is a widespread enteric protozoan that frequently infects human and animal groups. Despite its burden and zoonotic potential worldwide, epidemiological investigations remain limited in animal groups that come in contact with humans.

Oral supplementation with selected Lactobacillus acidophilus triggers IL-17-dependent innate defense response, activation of innate lymphoid cells type 3 and improves colitis.

Live biotherapeutic products constitute an emerging therapeutic approach to prevent or treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a constituent of the human microbiota with probiotic potential, that is illustrated by improvement of intestinal inflammation and antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of the L.

A reporter cell line for the automated quantification of SARS-CoV-2 infection in living cells.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the urgent need for massive antiviral testing highlighted the lack of a good cell-based assay that allowed for a fast, automated screening of antivirals in high-throughput content with minimal handling requirements in a BSL-3 environment. The present paper describes the construction of a green fluorescent substrate that, upon cleavage by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, re-localizes from the cytoplasm in non-infected cells to the nucleus in infected cells. The construction was stably expressed, together with a red fluorescent nuclear marker, in a highly susceptible clone derived from Vero-81 cells.

Putative SET-domain methyltransferases in and histone methylation during infection.

is a leading cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide being a significant threat to young children and immunocompromised patients, but the pathogenesis caused by this parasite remains poorly understood. was recently linked with oncogenesis. Notably, the mechanisms of gene expression regulation are unexplored in and little is known about how the parasite impact host genome regulation.

Functional genomics uncovers the transcription factor BNC2 as required for myofibroblastic activation in fibrosis.

Tissue injury triggers activation of mesenchymal lineage cells into wound-repairing myofibroblasts, whose unrestrained activity leads to fibrosis. Although this process is largely controlled at the transcriptional level, whether the main transcription factors involved have all been identified has remained elusive. Here, we report multi-omics analyses unraveling Basonuclin 2 (BNC2) as a myofibroblast identity transcription factor.

Transcontinental spread and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis W148 European/Russian clade toward extensively drug resistant tuberculosis.

Transmission-driven multi-/extensively drug resistant (M/XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is the largest single contributor to human mortality due to antimicrobial resistance. A few major clades of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex belonging to lineage 2, responsible for high prevalence of MDR-TB in Eurasia, show outstanding transnational distributions. Here, we determined factors underlying the emergence and epidemic spread of the W148 clade by genome sequencing and Bayesian demogenetic analyses of 720 isolates from 23 countries.

leucine-rich repeat protein 1 downregulates protein phosphatase 1 activity and is required for efficient oocyst development.

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a key enzyme for development. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its regulation remain to be deciphered. Here, we report the functional characterization of the leucine-rich repeat protein 1 (PbLRR1), an orthologue of SDS22, one of the most ancient and conserved PP1 interactors.