Specialty education and scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the United States.

In the United States, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) is a specialty of dentistry that focuses on the management of injuries, diseases, and defects of the head, neck, face, and jaws. The present manuscript is an article on education and training of OMS residents in the United States. It a lso briefly describes the scope of practice of the specialty.

MetaboLINK is a novel algorithm for unveiling cell-specific metabolic pathways in longitudinal datasets.

Introduction: In the rapidly advancing field of 'omics research, there is an increasing demand for sophisticated bioinformatic tools to enable efficient and consistent data analysis. As biological datasets, particularly metabolomics, become larger and more complex, innovative strategies are essential for deciphering the intricate molecular and cellular networks.

Methods: We introduce a pioneering analytical approach that combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Graphical Lasso (GLASSO).

Comparative transcriptomic rhythms in the mouse and human prefrontal cortex.

Introduction: Alterations in multiple subregions of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been heavily implicated in psychiatric diseases. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that circadian rhythms in gene expression are present across the brain, including in the PFC, and that these rhythms are altered in disease. However, investigation into the potential circadian mechanisms underlying these diseases in animal models must contend with the fact that the human PFC is highly evolved and specialized relative to that of rodents.

Low-dose intranasal deferoxamine modulates memory, neuroinflammation, and the neuronal transcriptome in the streptozotocin rodent model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Intranasal (IN) deferoxamine (DFO) has emerged over the past decade as a promising therapeutic in preclinical experiments across neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. As an antioxidant iron chelator, its mechanisms are multimodal, involving the binding of brain iron and the consequent engagement of several pathways to counter pathogenesis across multiple diseases. We and other research groups have shown that IN DFO rescues cognitive impairment in several rodent models of Alzheimer Disease (AD).

The deuterated glucose insulin tolerance test: a new tool to delineate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake from suppression of endogenous glucose production.

Graphical Abstract.

Mpox (monkeypox): a comprehensive updated of current epidemic evidence.

Mpox, formerly referred to as monkeypox, is a viral disease endemic to central Africa, resulting from the monkeypox virus (MPXV). This study provides a current overview of the Mpox epidemic as of 2024, emphasizing significant developments and epidemiological trends. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially designated a clade Ⅱb outbreak as a global health emergency in May 2022, which was subsequently managed through vaccination and public health interventions by May 2023.

Contrastive learning with transformer for adverse endpoint prediction in patients on DAPT post-coronary stent implantation.

Background: Effective management of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is crucial for preventing adverse events. Traditional prognostic tools, such as rule-based methods or Cox regression, despite their widespread use and ease, tend to yield moderate predictive accuracy within predetermined timeframes. This study introduces a new contrastive learning-based approach to enhance prediction efficacy over multiple time intervals.

Telocytes in inflammatory bowel diseases: contributions to pathology and therapeutic potentials.

Telocytes, a novel mesenchymal cell population, are characterized by their distinctive long and slender projections known as telopodes and have garnered significant interest since their formal introduction to the literature in 2010. These cells have been identified in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where they are suggested to play important roles in maintaining structural integrity, immune modulation, and barrier function. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis.

A bibliometric and visualized analysis of heartland virus.

Background: Heartland virus (HRTV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus first detected in 2009. The purpose of this study was to utilize bibliometric analysis to assess the research trends, key foci, and progress of HRTV. This analysis aims to provide valuable references and insights for future basic research and prevention and control of HRTV to promote the progress and development of related fields.

Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy: A bibliometric method applied to the top one hundred cited articles.

Background: Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) is considered one of the most complex procedures in general surgery. The number of articles on MIPD has been increasing annually. However, published reports often have complex research directions, and the focal points frequently change.

Retraction note: Predictive value of machine learning models for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer: A two-center study.

[This retracts the article on p. 85 in vol. 16, PMID: 38328326.

Perioperative chemotherapy strategies in diffuse gastric cancer.

This study reviews the findings of a recent study by Li , which demonstrated that perioperative chemotherapy benefits patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer compared to surgery alone. Despite potential biases, the study supports the inclusion of perioperative chemotherapy in treatment guidelines. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy may also provide similar survival outcomes, allowing for flexible treatment planning.

Improving predictive accuracy of early recurrence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Role of postoperative serum tumor markers.

In a recent study by He , the nomogram integrates postoperative serum tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen, thereby improving the accuracy of identifying high-risk patients compared to relying solely on preoperative markers, which has significant implications for customizing adjuvant therapy and potentially improving outcomes for this aggressive form of cancer. However, the study's single-center design and short follow-up period may limit the generalizability of its findings and potentially introduce reporting bias. Future studies could consider additional confounding factors, such as adjuvant chemotherapy and variations in surgical techniques, to improve the model's accuracy.

Achievement emotions in kindergarten: the association of solution accuracy with discrete joy, sadness, and surprise.

Children experience a variety of emotions in achievement settings. Yet, mathematics-related emotions other than anxiety are understudied, especially for young children entering primary school. The current study reports the prevalence and intensity of six basic, discrete achievement emotions (joy/happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust) expressed on the faces of 15 kindergarten-aged children as they solved increasingly complex arithmetic story problems in a 3-month teaching experiment.

Current state and promise of user-centered design to harness explainable AI in clinical decision-support systems for patients with CNS tumors.

In neuro-oncology, MR imaging is crucial for obtaining detailed brain images to identify neoplasms, plan treatment, guide surgical intervention, and monitor the tumor's response. Recent AI advances in neuroimaging have promising applications in neuro-oncology, including guiding clinical decisions and improving patient management. However, the lack of clarity on how AI arrives at predictions has hindered its clinical translation.

Pandemic-associated food insecurity in northern, coastal Ecuador.

The COVID-19 pandemic worsened food insecurity worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on perceived food insecurity among households in rural Esmeraldas, Ecuador. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to characterize pandemic impacts on household livelihoods and food insecurity in five communities.

Ten tips in lupus nephritis management.

Lupus nephritis is an important cause of severe glomerulonephritis, and a leading cause of kidney failure in young adults. While the disease can lead to rapid destruction of nephrons if untreated, there are effective therapies to reverse the severe acute kidney injury and prevent the lifetime risk of kidney failure. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are therefore of critical importance.

Intergenerational mobility, race, and allostatic load: Diminished health returns for Black older adults?

Although socioeconomic status is salient for health and well-being across the life course, previous research indicates that the social gradient in health is racialized and that Black adults experience diminishing health returns on higher socioeconomic status. We extend this literature by examining whether there are diminishing physiological health returns on intergenerational mobility groups for Black adults and, if so, whether diminishing health returns vary across age. We use six waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 11,846) and mixed effects models; and average marginal effects are used to interpret the race by intergenerational mobility interaction.

What role does wealth play in the racial health gap in the United States? Examining differences among African Americans, Latinos, and non-Hispanic Whites.

Wealth resources has received little attention when studying how socioeconomic status shapes health outcomes. In the United States (USA), there is a growing body of evidence acknowledging a widening racial/ethnic wealth gap. However, little is known about wealth's role in shaping health inequity.

Zoonotic diseases awareness and food safety practices among livestock farmers in Nepal.

Interactions between humans and livestock could increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. In addition, limited knowledge of zoonoses and foodborne diseases among livestock farmers could heighten the risks of foodborne illness and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. This study evaluated the awareness of zoonotic diseases and preventive practices for zoonotic and foodborne diseases among livestock farmers of the Chitwan, Rupandehi, and Tanahun districts of Nepal by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 280 livestock farmers.

Exploring the Research Landscape of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke: A Bibliometric Review.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has gained significant attention as a potential therapeutic tool in stroke rehabilitation, promoting neuroplasticity and enhancing motor and cognitive recovery. Despite growing research, the field's evolution and key trends remain underexplored. This study aims to perform a bibliographic analysis of publications related to tDCS and stroke rehabilitation to assess the growth of the field.

Addressing Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry: Comparing the Use of Melatonin, Trazodone, and Doxepin.

Introduction Sleep disorders are prevalent among psychiatric patients, and pharmacological treatments such as melatonin, trazodone, and doxepin are commonly prescribed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of these three medications in improving sleep quality and reducing daytime drowsiness in psychiatric patients. Methodology A total of 175 psychiatric patients with sleep disturbances participated in this cohort study at the Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.

The immune landscape of fetal chorionic villous tissue in term placenta.

Introduction: The immune compartment within fetal chorionic villi is comprised of fetal Hofbauer cells (HBC) and invading placenta-associated maternal monocytes and macrophages (PAMM). Recent studies have characterized the transcriptional profile of the first trimester (T1) placenta; however, the phenotypic and functional diversity of chorionic villous immune cells at term (T3) remain poorly understood.

Methods: To address this knowledge gap, immune cells from human chorionic villous tissues obtained from full-term, uncomplicated pregnancies were deeply phenotyped using a combination of flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq, CITE-seq) and chromatin accessibility profiling (snATAC-seq).