Proteomic Analysis of Unicellular Cyanobacterium ATCC 51142 under Extended Light or Dark Growth.

The daily light-dark cycle is a recurrent and predictable environmental phenomenon to which many organisms, including cyanobacteria, have evolved to adapt. Understanding how cyanobacteria alter their metabolic attributes in response to subjective light or dark growth may provide key features for developing strains with improved photosynthetic efficiency and applications in enhanced carbon sequestration and renewable energy. Here, we undertook a label-free proteomic approach to investigate the effect of extended light (LL) or extended dark (DD) conditions on the unicellular cyanobacterium ATCC 51142.

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging by sustaining proteasome activity.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for protein turnover and quality control via ubiquitination. Some E2s also physically interact with the proteasome, but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the Drosophila retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation.

Electronically Nonadiabatic Quenching of Excited States of O by Collisions with O Atoms.

The kinetics of electronically inelastic quenching of O(Δ) and O(Σ) by collisions with O(P) have been investigated using mixed quantum-classical trajectories governed by adiabatic potential energy surfaces and state couplings generated from a recently developed diabatic potential energy matrix (DPEM) for the 14 lowest-energy A' states of O. Using the coherent switching with decay of mixing (CSDM) method, dynamics calculations were performed both with 14 coupled electronic states and with 8 coupled electronical states, and similar results were obtained. The calculated thermal quenching rate coefficients are generally small, but they increase with temperature.

eIF3 engages with 3'-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs.

Stem cell differentiation involves a global increase in protein synthesis to meet the demands of specialized cell types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational burst and the involvement of initiation factors remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

Driver lines for studying associative learning in .

The mushroom body (MB) is the center for associative learning in insects. In , intersectional split-GAL4 drivers and electron microscopy (EM) connectomes have laid the foundation for precise interrogation of the MB neural circuits. However, investigation of many cell types upstream and downstream of the MB has been hindered due to lack of specific driver lines.

Self-Assembled Oligomers Facilitate Amino Acid-Driven CO Capture at the Air-Aqueous Interface.

Direct air capture of CO using amino acid absorbents, such as glycine or sarcosine, is constrained by the relatively slow mass transfer of CO through the air-aqueous interface. Our recent study showed a marked improvement in CO capture by introducing CO-permeable oligo-dimethylsiloxane (ODMS-MIM) oligomers with cationic (imidazolium, MIM) headgroups. In this work, we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in combination with subensemble analysis using network theory to provide a detailed molecular picture of the behavior of CO and the glycinate anions (Gly) at the ODMS-MIM decorated air-aqueous interfaces.

Selective Undercut of Undoped Optical Membranes for Spin-Active Color Centers in 4H- Silicon Carbide.

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a semiconductor used in quantum information processing, microelectromechanical systems, photonics, power electronics, and harsh environment sensors. However, its high-temperature stability, high breakdown voltage, wide bandgap, and high mechanical strength are accompanied by a chemical inertness, which makes complex micromachining difficult. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching is a simple, rapid means of wet processing SiC, including the use of dopant-selective etch stops that take advantage of the mature SiC homoepitaxy.

CAR-T entering a new "phase": Improving CAR-T function by harnessing phase separation.

Biomolecular condensation has emerged as a general principle in organizing biological processes, including immune response. Xu and colleagues recently reported that the cytoplasmic tail of the CD3ɛ subunit of TCR complex, when fused to CAR, can promote CAR condensation by liquid-liquid phase separation. Through sequence engineering, the authors identified modified CD3ɛ sequences that enhance the maturation of the immunological synapse and co-receptor signaling, leading to an improvement of cytotoxicity in vitro and anti-tumor effects in mouse xenograft models.

LINE-1 Retrotransposons as Cell-free DNA Biomarkers for Multi-Cancer Early Detection.

LINE-1 retrotransposons, comprising 17% of the genome, drive cancer instability through hypomethylation. The DIAMOND assay, targeting LINE-1 hypomethylation with bisulfite sequencing of cell free DNA, achieved AUCs of 88% to 100% across six cancer types, surpassing mutation-based diagnostics and suggesting utility in early cancer detection and management.

Selective Depolymerization for Sculpting Polymethacrylate Molecular Weight Distributions.

Chain-end reactivation of polymethacrylates generated by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has emerged as a powerful tool for triggering depolymerization at significantly milder temperatures than those traditionally employed. In this study, we demonstrate how the facile depolymerization of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) can be leveraged to selectively skew the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and predictably alter the viscoelastic properties of blended PBMA mixtures. By mixing polymers with thermally active chain ends with polymers of different molecular weights and inactive chain ends, the MWD of the blends can be skewed to be high or low by selective depolymerization.

Genomic Analysis Reveals Racial and Age-Related Differences in the Somatic Landscape of Breast Cancer and the Association with Socioeconomic Factors.

Cancer genomics consortia have identified somatic drivers of breast cancer subtypes. However, these studies have predominantly included older, non-Black women, and the related socioeconomic status (SES) data is limited. Increased representation and depth of social data are crucial for understanding how health inequity is intertwined with somatic landscapes.

Self-Foldable Three-Dimensional Biointerfaces by Strain Engineering of Two-Dimensional Layered Materials on Polymers.

Two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) have received increasing attention for their potential in bioelectronics due to their favorable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The transformation of the planar structures of 2DLMs into complex 3D shapes is a key strategic step toward creating conformal biointerfaces with cells and applying them as scaffolds to simultaneously guide their growth to tissues and enable integrated bioelectronic monitoring. Using a strain-engineered self-foldable bilayer, we demonstrate the facile formation of predetermined 3D microstructures of 2DLMs with controllable curvatures, called microrolls.

Computational Methods for Modeling Lipid-Mediated Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery.

Lipid-mediated delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) opened new possibilities in advanced therapies. By encapsulating an API into a lipid nanocarrier (LNC), one can safely deliver APIs not soluble in water, those with otherwise strong adverse effects, or very fragile ones such as nucleic acids. However, for the rational design of LNCs, a detailed understanding of the composition-structure-function relationships is missing.

Understanding Health-Related Discussions on Reddit: Development of a Topic Assignment Method and Exploratory Analysis.

Background: Social media has become a widely used way for people to share opinions about health care and medical topics. Social media data can be leveraged to understand patient concerns and provide insight into why patients may turn to the internet instead of the health care system for health advice.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a method to investigate Reddit posts discussing health-related conditions.

Technological Adjuncts to Streamline Patient Recruitment, Informed Consent, and Data Management Processes in Clinical Research: Observational Study.

Background: Patient recruitment and data management are laborious, resource-intensive aspects of clinical research that often dictate whether the successful completion of studies is possible. Technological advances present opportunities for streamlining these processes, thus improving completion rates for clinical research studies.

Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate how technological adjuncts can enhance clinical research processes via automation and digital integration.

Urgency Prediction for Medical Laboratory Tests Through Optimal Sparse Decision Tree: Case Study With Echocardiograms.

Background: In the contemporary realm of health care, laboratory tests stand as cornerstone components, driving the advancement of precision medicine. These tests offer intricate insights into a variety of medical conditions, thereby facilitating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. However, the accessibility of certain tests is hindered by factors such as high costs, a shortage of specialized personnel, or geographic disparities, posing obstacles to achieving equitable health care.

The Quantum Information Science Challenge for Chemistry.

We discuss the goals and the need for quantum information science (QIS) in chemistry. It is important to identify concretely how QIS matters to chemistry, and we articulate some of the most pressing and interesting research questions at the interface between chemistry and QIS, that is, "chemistry-centric" research questions relevant to QIS. We propose in what ways and in what new directions the field should innovate, in particular where a chemical perspective is essential.

Evaporating Primordial Black Holes, the String Axiverse, and Hot Dark Radiation.

The search for primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses M≪M_{⊙} is motivated by natural early-Universe production mechanisms and that PBHs can be dark matter. For M≲10^{14}  kg, the PBH density is constrained by null searches for their expected Hawking emission (HE), the characteristics of which are, however, sensitive to new states beyond the standard model. If there exists a large number of spin-0 particles in nature, PBHs can, through HE, develop and maintain non-negligible spins, modifying the visible HE.

Evidence of Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid in YbZn_{2}GaO_{5}.

The emergence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), a state of matter that can result when electron spins are highly correlated but do not become ordered, has been the subject of a considerable body of research in condensed matter physics [1,2]. Spin liquid states have been proposed as hosts for high-temperature superconductivity [3] and can host topological properties with potential applications in quantum information science [4]. The excitations of most quantum spin liquids are not conventional spin waves but rather quasiparticles known as spinons, whose existence is well established experimentally only in one-dimensional systems; the unambiguous experimental realization of QSL behavior in higher dimensions remains challenging.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Counseling on Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Weight: A Secondary Analysis of the BP-CATCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric obesity and hypertension are highly correlated. To mitigate both conditions, provision of counseling on nutrition, lifestyle, and weight to children with high blood pressure (BP) measurements is recommended.

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of nutrition, lifestyle, and weight counseling among patients with high BP at pediatric primary care visits stratified by patients' weight status.

Health Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.

Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).

Mental Health Disparities by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the All of Us Research Program.

Importance: Limited research explores mental health disparities between individuals in sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations and cisgender heterosexual (non-SGM) populations using national-level data.

Objective: To explore mental health disparities between SGM and non-SGM populations across sexual orientation, sex assigned at birth, and gender identity within the All of Us Research Program.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey data and linked electronic health records of eligible All of Us Research Program participants from May 31, 2017, to June 30, 2022.

Longitudinal Analysis of Obesity Drug Use and Public Awareness.

Importance: Obesity, a chronic disease with escalating global prevalence, poses considerable health risks. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have demonstrated efficacy for weight loss in clinical trials. The paradigm shift in the approach to obesity management drugs (OMDs) may offer an opportunity to examine online search activity and prescription trends.