Impact of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy on Mental Health and Multidimensional Outcome and Quality of Life: An NIDILRR TBIMS Study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) often impair daily activities and mental health (MH), which contribute to long-term TBI-related disability. PTE also affects driving capacity, which impacts functional independence, community participation, and satisfaction with life (SWL). However, studies evaluating the collective impact of PTE on multidimensional outcomes are lacking.

Glucarpidase for Treatment of High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity.

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) results in high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and hepatotoxicity. Glucarpidase is a recombinant enzyme that cleaves MTX, but clinical data supporting its use are scarce. We examined the association between glucarpidase administration and outcomes in adults with MTX-AKI from 28 cancer centers across the U.

Flow-Through Flaps as a Robust Method for Advanced Free Flap Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Multi-Institutional Experience.

Background: Flow-through flaps (FTFs) are an advanced technique in which a free flap is anastomosed to the pedicle of another free flap to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects when recipient vessels are scarce.

Methods: A multi-institutional cohort of FTFs used for head and neck reconstruction were reviewed. For comparison, FTF outcomes were compared to free flaps that required vein grafts (VG) to reach distant recipient vessels.

The uses of right heart catheterization in cardio-pulmonary disease: State-of-the-art.

The right heart catheterization (RHC) remains an important diagnostic tool for a spectrum of cardiovascular disease processes including pulmonary hypertension (PH), shock, valvular heart disease, and unexplained dyspnea. While it gained widespread utilization after its introduction, the role of the RHC has evolved to provide valuable information for the management of advanced therapies in heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock (CS) to name a few. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the indications, utilization, complications, interpretation, and calculations associated with RHC.

The Influence of Study Quality, age, and Geographic Factors on Pcos Prevalence - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disorder with substantial burden, yet global epidemiological data remains limited.

Objectives: To estimate the PCOS prevalence globally.

Materials And Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for PCOS studies in unselected populations through February 2024.

Improving weight loss and cardiometabolic risk in black patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: Rationale and protocol for a digital medicine hybrid type 1 implementation trial.

Background: The goal of the PROPEL-IT study is to conduct an effectiveness-implementation (hybrid type 1) study to 1) test the effectiveness of a digital technology focused 24-month, patient-centered precision public health approach to weight-loss, facilitated by an electronic medical record (EMR) in Black patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes, and 2) better understand the external validity and context for implementation.

Methods: Patients in the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) participate in a high-intensity behavioral intervention to facilitate weight loss through reducing dietary intake and increasing physical activity. The ILI is delivered by health coaches in the digital medicine program of a large health care organization facilitated by the patient portal of their EMR.

Differences in Statin Eligibility with the Use of Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs Versus Pooled Cohort Equations in the UK Biobank.

The Pooled-Cohort Equations (PCEs), developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC), have been widely used since 2013 to estimate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and guide statin therapy. Recently, the AHA introduced the Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs (PREVENT) equations to improve ASCVD risk estimation. However, the effect of using PREVENT instead of PCEs on risk classification and statin eligibility remains unclear.

The impact of a low-carbohydrate (vs. low-fat) diet on fat mass loss in African American women is modulated by insulin sensitivity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of insulin sensitivity (S), the acute insulin response to glucose, and diet on changes in fat mass (FM), resting and total energy expenditure (REE and TEE, respectively), and mechanical efficiency, during weight loss, in African American women with obesity.

Methods: A total of 69 women were randomized to low-fat (55% carbohydrate [CHO], 20% fat) or low-CHO (20% CHO, 55% fat) hypocaloric diets for 10 weeks, followed by a 4-week weight-stabilization period (controlled feeding). S and acute insulin response to glucose were measured at baseline with an intravenous glucose tolerance test; body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis at baseline and week 10; and REE, TEE, and mechanical efficiency were measured with indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, and a submaximal bike test, respectively, at baseline and week 14.

De novo generation of colorectal patient educational materials using large language models: Prompt engineering key to improved readability.

Background: Improving patient education has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and reduce disparities, though such efforts can be labor intensive. Large language models may serve as an accessible method to improve patient educational material. The aim of this study was to compare readability between existing educational materials and those generated by large language models.

Anti-neuraminidase and anti-hemagglutinin stalk responses to different influenza a(H7N9) vaccine regimens.

Introduction: Pandemic influenza vaccine development focuses on the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen for potency and immunogenicity. Antibody responses targeting the neuraminidase (NA) antigen, or the HA stalk domain have been implicated in protection against influenza. Responses to the NA and HA-stalk domain following pandemic inactivated influenza are not well characterized in humans.

Ref-1 is overexpressed in neovascular eye disease and targetable with a novel inhibitor.

Reduction-oxidation factor-1 or apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ref-1/APE1) is a crucial redox-sensitive activator of transcription factors such as NF-κB, HIF-1α, STAT-3 and others. It could contribute to key features of ocular neovascularization including inflammation and angiogenesis; these underlie diseases like neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). We previously revealed a role for Ref-1 in the growth of ocular endothelial cells and in choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Simulating success: Applying EPA assessments to simulation in surgical education.

Entrustable professional activities are a competency-based evaluation framework which was deployed by the American Board of Surgery in 2023 to evaluate general surgical residents and provide a path to independent practice. Entrustable professional activity microassessments are based on 18 conditions which are core to being a practicing general surgeon, and most include multiple phases of care, such as preoperative care, intraoperative care, and postoperative care. These evaluations are an amalgam of all the clinical competencies, including medical knowledge and patient care skills.

Exploring Solid Magnetic Liposomes for Organic Pollutant Removal from Wastewater: The Role of Lipid Composition.

Solid magnetic liposomes (ML, nanocomposites comprising lipid bilayers that incorporate magnetic nanoparticles) may be used in wastewater remediation: the lipid bilayer creates an environment where organic pollutants preferentially partition instead of water and the manipulation of ML with an external magnet enables an easy recovery from water. This study aimed to assess the system's potential for water remediation, focusing on ML ability to remove common pollutants in industrial wastewater. Specifically, alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) were used as the archetype for organic pollutants.

Measuring health sciences students' attitudes toward persons with disabilities: Is one scale better than another?

Negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PWDs) can lead to stigmatization and exclusion, underscoring the need for effective tools to measure and address such attitudes in educational settings. This study compares the psychometric properties of two scales used to assess attitudes toward PWDs among health science learners: the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS) and the Attitudes and Perspectives Toward Persons with Disabilities Scale (APPD). This research examines the internal consistency, factor stability, factor replicability, and convergent validity of these scales across different measurement occasions using data from second-year Medical (n = 102) and Doctor of Physical Therapy (n = 39) students.

Lung-kidney axis in cystic fibrosis: Early urinary markers of kidney injury correlate with neutrophil activation and worse lung function.

Background: Adult people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) have a higher risk of end-stage kidney disease than the general population. The nature and mechanism of kidney disease in CF are unknown. This study quantifies urinary kidney injury markers and examines the hypothesis that neutrophil activation and lung infection are associated with early kidney injury in CF.

The time-stamped effects of screen exposure on food intake in adults: A meta-analysis of experimental studies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine time-stamped impacts of screen exposure on food intake among healthy adults.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched up to August 31, 2024, including ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. A meta-analysis of inverse variance was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between watching and not watching screen groups, and groups with different screen contents (e.

A Postanesthesia Care Unit Parathyroid Hormone-Based Protocol for Managing Postthyroidectomy Hypocalcemia.

Introduction: Hypocalcemia occurs in 20%-40% of total thyroidectomy cases, traditionally requires 1-2 ds of hospitalization for management. This study examines the extent of hypocalcemia following a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) parathyroid hormone (PTH)-based protocol after outpatient thyroidectomy.

Methods: Patients who underwent total or completion thyroidectomy for non-Graves' disease at a single institution between December 2015 and September 2023 were included.

Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status impact healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients in the Deep South.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of neighborhood-level and individual-level measures of socioeconomic status with readmission, complication rates, and postoperative length of stay of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in the Deep South.

Methods: The authors identified all patients undergoing surgical intervention for the treatment of CSM from November 2010 to February 2022 using Current Procedural Terminology and ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. Patient demographic, socioeconomic, perioperative, and postoperative data for each patient were collected via review of the electronic medical record.

Advances in neurosurgical education: literature review of mixed-reality simulation models and novel mixed-reality spine prototype.

Objective: Mixed-reality (MR) applications provide opportunities for technical rehearsal, education, and estimation of surgical performance without the risk of patient harm. In this study, the authors provide a structured literature review on the current state of MR applications and their effects on neurosurgery training. They also introduce an MR prototype for neurosurgical spine training.

The Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: Evolution Over Two Decades of Female Pelvic Floor Research.

Importance: This review aimed to describe research initiatives, evolution, and processes of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-supported Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (PFDN). This may be of interest and inform researchers wishing to conduct multisite coordinated research initiatives as well as to provide perspective to all urogynecologists regarding how the PFDN has evolved and functions.

Study Design: Principal investigators of several PFDN clinical sites and Data Coordinating Center describe more than 20 years of development and maturation of the PFDN.

Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: A Quality-of-Life Evaluation and 2-Year Outcomes of BMT CTN 1703.

The BMT CTN 1703 phase III trial confirmed that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in superior GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared with Tac/methotrexate (MTX) prophylaxis. This companion study assesses the effect of these regimens on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Score and PROMIS subscales (physical function, GI symptoms, social role satisfaction) as primary end points and hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms and Lee subscales as secondary end points, responses from English and Spanish speakers were analyzed at baseline and days 100, 180, and 365 after transplant.