The midterm outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting for adult anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart disease. It presents as myocardial infarction in children; however, the presentation may vary between asymptomatic to progressive heart failure and also death. As a result, diagnosis in living adults is extremely rare.

Permacath: wrong pathway leading to a correct destination.

Permacath insertion using ultrasound has drastically reduced complications than those associated with blind puncture. We hereby report a case of entry of the permacath into the right femoral vein after through and through puncture of the right femoral artery. Use of real-time ultrasound, early clinical suspicion, timely diagnosis, and emergency surgery can avoid grave complications.

Dual ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms.

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) aneurysm is a rare anomaly accounting for around 0.14-3.5% in patients undergoing open cardiac surgeries.

Global epidemiology of cannabis use disorders and its trend from 1990 to 2019: Benchmarking analysis of the global burden of disease study.

Introduction: Cannabis is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances globally, with an increasing trend in its legalization for both medical and recreational purposes in various countries. While cannabis offers potential therapeutic benefits, its regular use can lead to the development of Cannabis Use Disorders (CUDs). Understanding the epidemiology of CUDs is crucial in assessing the public health burden associated with cannabis use.

Aneurysms of Aortic Sinus of Valsalva Dissecting through the Interventricular Septum With Rupture into the Left Ventricle: Case Series and Literature Review.

Aneurysm of Aortic sinus of Valsalva (ASOV) dissecting into the interventricular septum (IVS) and rupturing into the left ventricle (LV) is a rare clinical diagnosis. Systemic inflammatory diseases like tuberculosis can aggravate this condition. We describe three cases of ASOV dissecting into the IVS and rupturing into the LV.

Prospective Randomized Pilot Trial on the Effects of Mild Hypercapnia on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Objective And Design: A single-center prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of targeted mild hypercapnia (TMH) on cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Setting And Participants: A prospective randomized controlled study involving 100 patients undergoing off-pump CABG at U. N.

Effectiveness of Induction Training on Newly Joined Employee Knowledge and Hospital Performance.

Introduction: Every organization needs well-trained employees to perform job activities effectively and efficiently. Training and development is a continuous process that helps to develop skills, knowledge, and abilities in its workers, which leads to better performance of employees. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an induction training program for hospital employees as well as the impact on employee knowledge and performance in the clinical field according quality indicator benchmarks.

Aortic Origin of a Branch Pulmonary Artery: Early and Mid-Term Single Center Outcomes.

Background: Anomalous origin of pulmonary artery (AOPA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It requires early surgical intervention (<6 months) to prevent irreversible pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease. This study was conducted to determine the surgical outcomes of this rare and intriguing anomaly.

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting based on myocardial perfusion imaging.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the foremost single cause of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years globally and a large percentage of this burden is found in low and middle income countries, with the treatment strategies based on revascularisation, based on studies that have shown that on revascularisation of viable myocardium there is an improvement of function over a period of time.

Aim: To evaluate the utilization of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for identifying viable myocardium and assessing the improvement.

Material And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in patients having CAD planned for coronary artery bypass grafting.

Effect of transesophageal echocardiography probe on tracheal perfusion pressure and ventilatory parameters in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective observational study.

Background: Overinflation of cuffed endotracheal tubes and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe causes increased intracuff pressure (CP) compromising tracheal perfusion pressure (TPP). Primary objective of the study was to assess CP, TPP on TEE probe insertion and examination during pediatric cardiac surgeries. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of the probe on peak airway pressures (P), mean airway pressures (P) and to monitor CP, TPP on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Correlation of venous to arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference with other cardiac output indices in patients undergoing intracardiac repair for tetralogy of fallot.

Background: Clearance of tissue carbon dioxide by circulation is measured by venous to arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (AVCO) and is correlated with cardiac output (CO) in critically ill adult patients. This study aimed to correlate AVCO with other CO indices like arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference (AVO), central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO), and serum lactate in pediatric patients undergoing intracardiac repair (ICR) for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in 50 patients, of age 5 months to 5 years, undergoing ICR for TOF and analyzed AVO, AVCO, ScVO, and lactate from arterial and venous blood gas pairs obtained at different time intervals from admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (T), at 6 h (T), 12 h (T), 24 h (T), and 48 h (T) postoperatively.

Comparison of hemodynamic consequences of hand ventilation versus machine ventilation for transportation of post-operative pediatric cardiac patients.

Learning Objective: Hemodynamic monitoring during in-hospital transport of intubated patients is vital; however, no prospective randomized trials have evaluated the hemodynamic consequences of hand versus machine ventilation during transport among pediatric patients' post-cardiac surgery. The authors hypothesized that manual ventilation after pediatric cardiac surgery would alter hemodynamic and arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters during transport compared to mechanical ventilation.

Design: A prospective randomized trial.

Assessment of the effect of two regimens of milrinone infusion in paediatric patients with pulmonary artery hypertension undergoing corrective cardiac procedure: A prospective observational study.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two different regimens of milrinone in pediatric patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) undergoing corrective procedure.

Materials And Methods: This randomized prospective study included 100 pediatric patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgeries. Group E: Milrinone was started as infusion 0.

Successful completion of Senning surgery in a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (DTGA) with presentation in the fourth decade.

Transposition of great arteries (TGA) is a common congenital heart disease presenting in newborns. Nearly 90% of patients with TGA with intact interventricular septum die by one year of age if not treated. We present an interesting case of The Senning procedure , which was successfully performed on a 40-year-old lady.

Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery with absent pulmonary valve in tetralogy of Fallot.

The incidence of absent pulmonary valve (APV) in tetralogy of Fallot is 2.4 to 6.3%.

Measures to improve in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing surgical repair for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

Background: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly leading to progressive left ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. We conducted this study to investigate various measures to optimize the outcomes of surgical correction for ALCAPA.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study including consecutive patients operated for ALCAPA.

Subpulmonary pseudoaneurysm-a rare complication following surgical ventricular septal defect closure.

In this report, we describe the surgical management of a subpulmonary pseudoaneurysm following surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in an infant. Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and surgical considerations for management of this complication are discussed.

Long-term, real world experience of ventricular tachycardia and granulomatous cardiomyopathy.

Background: Granulomatous cardiomyopathy (GCM) is relatively uncommon in patients presenting with ventricular tachycardia (VT). Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are the most common causes of GCM with VT. The aim of study was to evaluate their clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes.

Anesthetic management of right brachiocephalic artery aneurysm causing tracheal compression.

The airway compression poses a challenge for the anesthesiologist in airway management during aneurysm repair surgery.

Concomitant pulmonary valve replacement with intracardiac repair for adult tetralogy of Fallot.

Objectives: Adult patients undergoing tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair have a higher risk of mortality compared to pediatric patients. Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) further predisposes these patients to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) may improve the symptoms in these patients but, fails to reverse the other deleterious effects.

Mini-Bentall Surgery: The Right Thoracotomy Approach.

Surgeons are increasingly using the right mini-thoracotomy approach to perform aortic valve surgery. This approach has shown better results in terms of blood loss and length of hospital stay than the sternotomy approach. For selected patients requiring aortic root and ascending aorta surgery, a right mini-thoracotomy approach may prove beneficial.

Cor Triatriatum Dexter: A Rare Cause of Aneurysmal Right Atrium.

Cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly with a diverse presentation in every age group. We report a case of CTD in a 36-year-old female who presented with palpitations due to giant right atrium (RA), which we managed successfully with surgical excision of the membrane and RA reduction.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Many aspects of its pathology and pathogenesis are not well understood.

Material And Methods: We describe a series of spontaneous air leak cases we found in our coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive 1086-patient cohort.

Early diagnosis of diaphragm palsy after pediatric cardiac surgery and outcome after diaphragm plication - A single-center experience.

Objective: The aims of our prospective observational study were to evaluate the (1) reliability of clinical signs in the early detection of diaphragm palsy (DP); (2) reliability of ultrasonography using echo machine as a bedside tool for the diagnosis of DP; and (3) does early diaphragm plication result in the improved outcome? We also sought to determine the incidence and predominant risk factors for DP and diaphragm plication at our center.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study included patients with suspected DP from January 2015 to December 2018. Patients with suspected DP were initially evaluated by bedside ultrasonography using echo machine and confirmed by fluoroscopy.