[Neuroprotective therapy for age-related macular degeneration].

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic multifactorial degenerative eye disease and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on the predominant pathological mechanism leading to photoreceptor death. AMD is associated with molecular and cellular disruptions that ultimately result in photoreceptor degeneration.

[The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the stabilization of the glaucomatous process].

Unlabelled: Many key aspects of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurodegeneration in glaucoma are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms and relationships between structural and functional changes in mitochondria would be beneficial for developing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs from glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Purpose: This study determines the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and evaluates the potential for stabilizing the glaucomatous process by improving mitochondrial functional activity and energy production by therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol FORTE 250.

Bronze age Northern Eurasian genetics in the context of development of metallurgy and Siberian ancestry.

The Eurasian Bronze Age (BA) has been described as a period of substantial human migrations, the emergence of pastoralism, horse domestication, and development of metallurgy. This study focuses on two north Eurasian sites sharing Siberian genetic ancestry. One of the sites, Rostovka, is associated with the Seima-Turbino (ST) phenomenon (~2200-1900 BCE) that is characterized by elaborate metallurgical objects found throughout Northern Eurasia.

The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga.

Review of modern models of porous media for numerical simulation of fluid flows.

The current models of porous media for numerical simulation of multiphase fluid flows are reviewed and classified herein. Methods for building these models and problems of creating the same are examined, and examples where the models were used are given. This review has been made as part of hydrocarbon deposit hydrodynamic simulation problems arising in the oil-and-gas producing industry.

Ice structures assembled from cubic water clusters of D and S symmetry.

The study of self-assembly processes is of key importance for fundamental science and modern technologies. Cubic water clusters of D and S symmetry show great potential as building blocks for self-assembly. The objective of this paper is to construct possible ice structures formed by hydrogen bonding of these very stable water clusters.

Anthropological report of arctic people's mummy found at a medieval grave of West Siberia.

In arctic zone of West Siberia, native people's bodies were sometimes mummified inside the medieval graves. In 2013 to 2017, we conducted the excavations of medieval graves at Zeleny Yar cemetery in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Among the burials, current report deals with the mummy grave #79.

[Therapeutic possibilities of stimulating reparative neurogenesis in patients with glaucoma who have recovered from a coronavirus infection].

Unlabelled: In patients with glaucoma, the neuroplasticity of retinal cells, their axons and neuroglial elements is pathogenetically reduced, including due to a decrease in the concentration of neurotrophic factors. Coronavirus infections contribute to the damage processes, causing apoptosis of retinal and optic nerve cells. In this regard, the possibility of pharmacological stimulation of the production of these peptides through energy potentiation of the cell mitochondria function, reduction of oxidative stress severity and activation of interneuronal transduction system becomes relevant.

Cryptic taxonomic diversity and high-latitude melanism in the glossiphoniid leech assemblage from the Eurasian Arctic.

The family Glossiphoniidae is a diverse and widespread clade of freshwater leeches, playing a significant role in functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The taxonomy and biogeography of leeches from temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions attracted much attention of zoologists, while their taxonomic richness and distribution in the Arctic are poorly understood. Here, we present an overview of the Eurasian Arctic Glossiphoniidae based on the most comprehensive occurrence and DNA sequence datasets sampled to date.

Dental Calculi of Siberian Natives, Russian Settlers, and Korean People of Joseon Dynasty Period in the 16th to 19th Century Eurasia Continent.

Objective: The prevalence of calculus is known to be variable by difference in diets or subsistence strategy between human populations. However, this situation has not been confirmed so far for hunter-gatherers and farming people in terms of history. In this study, we tried to reveal the association of diets or subsistence with calculus in different historical populations: Siberian natives, Joseon period Korean people, and Russian settlers in Siberia.

[Enzymatic activity of paraoxonase depending on polymorphism Q192R of the PON1 gene in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].

Unlabelled: It is believed that one of the main blood enzymes that hydrolyzes oxidized lipids incorporated in lipoproteins is the calcium-dependent hydrolase of paraoxonase 1, which has a significant antioxidant effect depending on the polymorphism of the gene.

Purpose: To genotype patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by the Q192R polymorphism of the gene in order to identify their genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, as well as to determe the possibility of correcting the reduced activity of the enzyme in the examined individuals by the complex drug Cytoflavin.

Material And Methods: The study included 25 men with advanced POAG, IOP compensated by hypotonic agents, and 20 volunteers without POAG (mean age 63.

Professor Solomon P. Wasser and Medicinal Mushroom Science, with Special Attention to the Problems of Mycotherapy in Oncology.

This article is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Solomon P. Wasser and discusses the challenges within the research direction he founded with Professors T. Mizuno, S.

Reparative and Immunomodulatory Potential of Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus sp.

The experiment was performed on male BALB/c mice with modeled skin wound. Two chromatographic fractions of secondary metabolites of permafrost bacteria Bacillus sp., that represent a mixture of polyethylene-polypropylene glycols oligomers with a molecular weight from 900 to 1350 Da were used as therapeutic agents.

Climatic Factors Influencing the Anthrax Outbreak of 2016 in Siberia, Russia.

In 2016, an outbreak of anthrax killing thousands of reindeer and affecting dozens of humans occurred on the Yamal peninsula, Northwest Siberia, after 70 years of epidemiological situation without outbreaks. The trigger of the outbreak has been ascribed to the activation of spores due to permafrost thaw that was accelerated during the summer heat wave. The focus of our study is on the dynamics of local environmental factors in connection with the observed anthrax revival.

Influence of the Microbiota of the Cryolithozone Paleoecosystems on the Behavioral Functions of the Nervous System of Chickens Gallus gallus.

We studied the influence of microorganisms isolated from permafrost on the psychophysiological parameters of birds. Significant effect of the microbiota of the paleoecosystems of the cryolithozone on locomotor activity, psycho-emotional state, and psychophysiological lateralization of brain function of Gallus gallus chickens. The involvement of both the autonomic and the higher central nervous systems in this regulatory process via synthesis of neuropeptides by symbionts is discussed.

Dynamics of the genetic diversity of oat varieties in the Tyumen region at avenin-coding loci.

Molecular and biochemical markers are used to analyze the intraspecific genetic diversity of crops. Prolamin-coding loci are highly effective for assessing this indicator. On the basis of the Laboratory of Varietal Seed Identification of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, 18 varieties of common oat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Tyumen Region from the 1930s to 2019 were studied by electrophoresis in 2018-2019.

Professor Shu-Ting Chang, Cancer Mycotherapy and Le Chatelier Principle.

In the jubilee paper devoted to Professor Shu-Ting Chang, we aimed to outline the applicability of the Le Chatelier principle to various fields, especially to cancer biology and immunotherapy of malignant neoplasms. Cancer progression has been shown to be associated with a response to cell stress and survival agents. It was proclaimed that cancer immunotherapy, using fungal metabolites, should be carried out as a mode of compensation for imbalances that arise during the basic treatment.

Comparison of Helminth Infection among the Native Populations of the Arctic and Subarctic Areas in Western Siberia Throughout History: Parasitological Researches on Contemporary and the Archaeological Resources.

The aim of this parasitological study is examining contemporary (the late 20th century) specimens of the arctic or subarctic areas in Western Siberia and comparing them with the information acquired from archaeological samples from the same area. In the contemporary specimens, we observed the parasite eggs of 3 different species: Opisthochis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. Meanwhile, in archaeoparasitological results of Vesakoyakha, Kikki-Akki, and Nyamboyto I burial grounds, the eggs of Diphyllobothrium and Taenia spp.

Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries.

An archaeoparasitological analysis of the soil samples from Nadym Gorodok site of Western Siberia has been carried out in this study. The archaeological site was dated as the 13 to 18th century, being characterized as permafrost region ensuring good preservation of ancient parasite eggs. Parasite eggs as Opisthorchis felineus, Alaria alata, and Diphyllobothrium sp.

Profiles of Little-Known Medicinal Polypores: Haploporus odorus (Agaricomycetes).

The purpose of this study was to compile a comprehensive characterization of little-known polypores, which have recently been found to possess anticancer activity and thus can also be used in cancer target therapy. Haploporus odorus is a polypore of Holarctic distribution and has been found by harvesters working in taiga floodlands and broadleaf forests of the Northern Hemisphere. A substance known as haploporic acid A was determined in methylene chloride extract from the dried basidiomata of H.

Energetics of proton configurations in water polyhedra and hydrate frameworks: topology vs. geometry.

The water frameworks of clathrate hydrates are characterized by a small deviation from tetrahedral geometry. The faces of the hydrate cages are most often pentagonal because the square and hexagonal faces produce appreciable strains on the hydrogen bonds. However, taking into account the specific arrangement of hydrogen atoms (protons) in the hydrogen bonds complicates the picture.

[Cytogenetic, kariopathological and morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa and urothelial cells in human granulocytic anaplasmosis depending on polymorphism of the gene of DNA ligase IV].

Aim: to assess the role of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the induction of cytogenetic damage of spermatozoa and karyopathological abnormalities of urothelial cells depending on the polymorphism of the gene of enzyme, DNA ligase IV.

Material And Methods: A total of 129 male patients with HGA and 84 otherwise healthy donors were examined. The samples of both semen and urothelial cells were obtained from each individuals for microscopic analysis.

Vegetation on mesic loamy and sandy soils along a 1700-km maritime Eurasia Arctic Transect.

Questions: How do plant communities on zonal loamy vs. sandy soils vary across the full maritime Arctic bioclimate gradient? How are plant communities of these areas related to existing vegetation units of the European Vegetation Classification? What are the main environmental factors controlling transitions of vegetation along the bioclimate gradient?

Location: 1700-km Eurasia Arctic Transect (EAT), Yamal Peninsula and Franz Josef Land (FJL), Russia.

Methods: The Braun-Blanquet approach was used to sample mesic loamy and sandy plots on 14 total study sites at six locations, one in each of the five Arctic bioclimate subzones and the forest-tundra transition.