Evaluation of a point-of-care immunochromatographic assay for enteric fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: There is a shortage of rapid, accurate, and low-cost assays for diagnosing enteric fever. The dual-path platform for typhoid (DPPT) assay had high accuracy in retrospective studies with banked plasma samples. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DPPT assay in a prospective study using fingerstick capillary blood.

Triple Co-infection With Salmonella typhi, Leptospira, and Campylobacter coli in a Patient From Guayaquil, Ecuador: Clinical and Diagnostic Challenges.

This case report describes the unusual presentation of a 32-year-old male from Guayaquil, Ecuador, who was diagnosed with a rare triple infection caused by , , and . The patient presented with persistent high fever, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain, and jaundice, following the consumption of street food in a resource-limited area. Important clinical findings included hepatosplenomegaly and elevated liver enzymes, which initially complicated the differential diagnosis.

Live-attenuated vaccines for multiple sclerosis patients living in regions with endemic infections: A complex decision.

Live-attenuated vaccines provide robust immunity against diseases like tuberculosis, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, yellow fever, dengue, typhoid fever, and varicella, with just one or a few doses. However, concerns arise regarding potential pathogen reversion to virulence, which is particularly risky for immunocompromised individuals, contraindicating their administration in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients under modified disease treatments due to the possibility of triggering infections, or stimulating the immune system, precipitating new exacerbations. On the contrary, these vaccines offer enduring immunity that is crucial for protecting MS patients from endemic infectious diseases, leading to severe complications if contracted.

Laparoscopic Management of Spontaneous Gallbladder Perforation in Acalculous Cholecystitis: A Case Series.

Gallbladder perforation in acalculous cholecystitis is rare and has a high mortality rate due to biliary peritonitis and sepsis. Here, we present a case series of successful laparoscopic management of Spontaneous gallbladder perforation in acalculous cholecystitis. In the first case, a 44-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with a history of three days of fever with chills and acute pain in the abdomen for two days.

The Vanishing Infarct: A Rare Presentation of MERS Due to Salmonella Infection in Middle-Aged Patient.

Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A and B, which can present clinically with variety of symptoms. We report a case of a middle-aged gentleman with salmonella infection who developed reversible corpus callosum splenium infarcts, which is an unusual presentation of enteric fever. The condition was reversed with antibiotics routinely used to treat enteric fever in the country.

A rare case of complicated typhoid fever presenting with secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Enteric fever is one of the important causes of tropical fever with a prevalence of 11-21 million cases worldwide annually. It encompasses both typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Typhi is the causative organism for typhoid fever, manifesting as an uncomplicated febrile illness to life-threatening sepsis with multiorgan dysfunction.

Leptospira seroprevalence and associated risk factors among slaughterhouse workers in Western Bahr El Ghazal State, South Sudan.

Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected re-emerging and occupational zoonotic disease worldwide. In Africa, contact with livestock is postulated as a potential source of environmental contamination and a source of human Leptospira exposure, though pathways remain unknown. Recently, we confirmed Leptospira exposure and shedding among slaughtered cattle in Western Bahr El Ghazal.

A temporary cholesterol-rich diet and bacterial extracellular matrix factors favor spp. biofilm formation in the cecum.

Asymptomatic chronic carriers occur in approximately 5% of humans infected with serovar Typhi (. Typhi) and represent a critical reservoir for bacterial dissemination. While chronic carriage primarily occurs in the gallbladder (GB) through biofilms on gallstones, additional anatomic sites have been suggested that could also harbor .

A clinicoepidemiological study of serologically diagnosed acute febrile illness in a teaching hospital, Kolkata.

Introduction: Similar presenting manifestations in early phase and lack of awareness of aetiology of acute febrile illness (AFI) are major challenges in management of AFI.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical College, from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023 in serologically diagnosed febrile patients attending the outpatient department or admitted. Clinical and epidemiological data and laboratory parameters were recorded in a pretested structured questionnaire study tool, and collected data were analysed on MS-Excel sheets with various charts and tables.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN VERSUS OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID PATIENTS ACROSS ALL AGE GROUPS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.

Background: Typhoid is a major health concern. Drug-resistant cases of typhoid have given rise to new debates. Azithromycin has shown adequate results.

Two cases with extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi infection returning from Pakistan.

We report two cases of patients with extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi infection who had recently traveled to Pakistan. These cases suggest that obtaining a detailed travel history and considering the epidemiology of drug-resistant S. Typhi in the suspected area of acquisition is crucial for managing patients with typhoid fever.

Typhi Haplotype 58 biofilm formation and genetic variation in isolates from typhoid fever patients with gallstones in an endemic setting in Kenya.

Although typhoid fever has largely been eliminated in high-income countries, it remains a major global public health concern especially among low- and middle-income countries. The causative agent, serovar Typhi ( Typhi), is a human restricted pathogen with a limited capacity to replicate outside the human host. Human carriers, 90% of whom have gallstones in their gallbladder, continue to shed the pathogen for an ill-defined period of time after treatment.

Geospatial Analysis of Malaria and Typhoid Prevalence Due to Waste Dumpsite Exposure in Kinshasa Districts with and Without Waste Services: A Case Study of Bandalungwa and Bumbu, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses substantial challenges in rapidly urbanizing areas, with implications for both the environment and public health. This study focuses on the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, investigating whether the presence or absence of solid waste collection services results in varying health and economic impacts, and additionally, seeking to establish a correlation between residing in proximity to dumpsites and the prevalence of diseases like malaria and typhoid, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the health implications tied to waste exposure. Health data were collected through survey questionnaires, and the geospatial distribution of 19 dumpsites was analyzed using Google Earth Pro 7.

Design of a Glycoconjugate Vaccine Against Paratyphi A.

Background/objectives: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever together are responsible for millions of cases and thousands of deaths per year, most of which occur in children in South and Southeast Asia. While typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are licensed, no vaccines are currently available against Paratyphi A. Here we describe the design of a Paratyphi A conjugate.

Development and characterization of high-throughput serological assays to measure magnitude and functional immune response against Paratyphi A in human samples.

Typhoid and Paratyphoid fever cause a global health burden, especially for the children of Southern Asia. The impact of the disease is further exacerbated by the dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance. While vaccines against Typhi have been developed and successfully introduced, an effective vaccine targeting Paratyphi A is still lacking.

Enteric fever in a young man with bowel wall thickening and hepatosplenomegaly.

Typhoid fever (enteric fever), caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), is a public health problem especially in South Asia and sub-Saharan African countries, while incidence remains low in most other parts of the world, where the disease is primary related to recent travel to endemic countries or contact with chronic carriers.

Report from the World Health Organization's immunization and vaccines-related implementation research advisory committee (IVIR-AC) meeting, virtual gathering, 10-13 September 2024.

The Immunization and Vaccines-related Implementation Research Advisory Committee (IVIR-AC) is the primary advisory body of the World Health Organization conducting independent reviews of immunization-related implementation research, with a primary focus on transmission and economic modeling analyses that estimate the value and impact of vaccines. From 10 to 13th September 2024, IVIR-AC convened virtually for its second of two semi-annual meetings to provide feedback and recommendations across six sessions including: pneumococcal vaccination strategies that rely on indirect protection; vaccine impact modeling for chikungunya; The Lancet Commission on strengthening the use of epidemiological modeling of emerging and pandemic infectious diseases; methods for immunization coverage estimation; setting immunization research priorities in the South-East Asian Region; and modeling evidence related to typhoid conjugate vaccine schedules. This report summarizes the sessions, proceedings, and recommendations from that meeting.

Locally acquired typhoid fever outbreak linked to chronic carriage in Ottawa, Canada, 2018-2022.

Background: In Canada, serovar Typhi infections are uncommon and typically travel-related. In November 2021, Ottawa Public Health identified a link between two typhoid fever cases, with no recent history of international travel, to the same grocery store ready-to-eat counter.

Objective: This report describes the outbreak response to a rare occurrence of chronic Typhi carriage in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and provides recommendations for investigations of small-scale protracted outbreaks.