Crossover Clinical Trial of Tablets Containing Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Dental Stain Formation.

Objectives: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free tablets containing sodium tripolyphosphate 2% or sodium tripolyphosphate 0.65%, compared to a no-tablet control in preventing the formation of extrinsic stains over a 12- week period of regular unsupervised use preserving daily oral hygiene with dentifrice and usual tooth brushing.

Methods: This was a single-center, examiner-blind, randomized, 12-week crossover clinical trial.

Effect of Green Tea-Added Tablets on Volatile Sulfur-Containing Compounds in the Oral Cavity.

Objectives: A controlled, clinical, double-blind, cross-over study was conducted to assess the efficacy of sugar-free tablets containing green tea extract on oral volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC) versus placebo tablets for 30 minutes.

Methods: To join the study, subjects had to have at least 24 teeth, no report of oral and systemic diseases, and no removable dentures. All eligible participants had to avoid professional oral hygiene and drugs for two weeks, to not be menstruating, to avoid brushing their teeth and tongue, to not smoke, to not consume alcohol, coffee or tea, nor onion, garlic, or licorice for six hours before the test.

Lateral approach for sinus floor elevation: large versus small bone window - a split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To test whether a reduction of bone window dimension, in a split-mouth randomized study design, focused on lateral sinus floor elevations, can achieve better results than a wider window in terms of augmented bone height and a reduction of patient discomfort and surgical complications.

Materials And Methods: Of the sixteen subjects enrolled in the study, each underwent a bilateral sinus lift procedure based on two different access flaps to maxillary sinus. Test side: small access window (6 × 6 mm) + bone filling using a special device.

Direct restoration modalities of fractured central maxillary incisors: A multi-levels validated finite elements analysis with in vivo strain measurements.

Objective: To quantify the influence of fracture geometry and restorative materials rigidity on the stress intensity and distribution of restored fractured central maxillary incisors (CMI) with particular investigation of the adhesive interfaces. Ancillary objectives are to present an innovative technology to measure the in vivo strain state of sound maxillary incisors and to present the collected data.

Methods: A validation experimental biomechanics approach has been associated to finite element analysis.

Radiological evaluation of the Cresco system in combination with Osseospeed implants: a preliminary 3-year report.

Aim: In this preliminary study, the 3-year radiological outcomes of Osseospeed implant-supported fixed complete or partial prostheses made with two different laboratory protocols were compared.

Methods: A convenience sample of 34 patients, who were either partially or completely edentulous in either jaw, were randomly assigned to two groups, of 17 patients each, using either a traditional laboratory protocol (control group) or the Cresco one (test group). The study's objective was an assessment of marginal bone loss around implants, measured on intraoral radiographs at 3-year follow-up.

Dental arch response to Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars: A multicentric randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess maxilla and mandibular arch widths' response to Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars on children with unilateral posterior crossbite.

Materials And Methods: Seventy patients with unilateral posterior crossbite recruited at the Universities of Genova, Siena, and Insubria (Varese) were randomly located into GrE (RME on second deciduous molars) or Gr6 (RME on first permanent molars) and compared.

Results: Upper intermolar distance and permanent molar angulation increased significantly in Gr6 vs GrE at T1.

Meningitis and Riga-Fede disease: an unusual condition.

Background: Riga-Fede disease (RFD) is a benign inflammatory disorder characterised by the appearance of a traumatic ulceration of the oral mucosa. Early detection of RFD and its adequate management are very important.

Case Report: The authors present a an unusual case of RFD with concomitant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis.

Cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments after immersion in irrigant solutions with or without surfactants.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) and continuous rotating (ProTaper) nickel-titanium files after immersion in different irrigation solutions with or without surfactants during several short time periods.

Methods: A total of 270 new Reciproc R25, WaveOne Primary, and ProTaper F2 files were tested. Instruments of each brand were divided into 1 control group (n = 10) formed by new files and 4 test groups (n = 20) formed by instruments dynamically immersed at 37°C for 16 mm in 5.

Efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery procedures in the treatment of localized facial gingival recessions. A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this Systematic Review (SR) was to assess the clinical efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery procedures in the treatment of localized gingival recessions (Rec) with or without inter-dental clinical attachment loss (iCAL).

Material And Methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on treatment of single gingival recessions with at least 6 months of follow-up. Primary outcome variable was complete root coverage (CRC).

Calvarial onlay graft and submental incision in treatment of atrophic edentulous mandibles: an approach to reduce postoperative complications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test our approach based on the use of calvarial graft and extraoral approach, in treatment of severe mandibular atrophies with implant surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation.

Methods: We selected 6 patients, 4 females and 2 males, completely edentulous with a severe mandibular atrophy (class VI Cawood and Howell classification). Mean age of patients was 63 years, ranging from 60 to 67 years.

Microleakage of Class II restorations and microtensile bond strength to dentin of low-shrinkage composites.

Purpose: To evaluate the microleakage of Class II cavities restored with experimental low-shrinking resin composites proposed for bulk filling and to measure their microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin and compare to those of previously marketed low-shrinkage composites.

Methods: Class II cavities (7 mm occluso-gingival height, 2 mm mesio-distal depth of the box, 4 mm occlusal depth, 4 mm bucco-lingual width) were prepared in 50 molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 10), according to the material: SureFil SDR flow (SDR), Filtek Silorane (FS) and experimental materials (G-aenial Flo bulk fill, GF; G-aenial Universal Flo bulk fill, GUF; GC Kalore bulk fill, GK). Microleakage was separately assessed at enamel and dentin margins by scoring the depth of silver-nitrate penetration.

Flexural resistance of Cerec CAD/CAM system ceramic blocks. Part 1: Chairside materials.

Purpose: This study tested the materials available on the market for Cerec CAD/CAM, comparing the mean flexural strength in an ISO standardized set-up, since the ISO standard for testing such materials was issued later than the marketing of the materials tested.

Methods: Following the recent Standard ISO 6872:2008, eight types of ceramic blocks were tested: Paradigm C, IPS Empress CAD LT, IPS Empress CAD Multi, Cerec Blocs, Cerec Blocs PC, Triluxe, Triluxe Forte, Mark II. Specimens were cut out from ceramic blocks, finished, polished, and tested in a three-point bending test apparatus until failure.

Bond strength to unground enamel and sealing ability in pits and fissures of a new self-adhering flowable resin composite.

Objective: To evaluate the applicability as a sealant of a new self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise Flow, Kerr, VF) by assessing shear bond strength (SBS) to unground enamel and microleakage (microLKG) in sealed pits and fissures.

Study Design: Marketed sealants to be used in combination with phosphoric acid (Guardian Seal, Kerr, GS) or with a self-etch adhesive (Adper Prompt-L-Pop/Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE, CS) were compared to VF. For SBS testing on unground enamel 10 molars per group were used.

Ocular complications after posterior superior alveolar nerve block: a case of trochlear nerve palsy.

Many intraoperative complications occurring during third molar surgery are described in the literature. Unilateral trochlear nerve palsy secondary to dental anaesthesia is a rare complication. We report the case of a 36-year-old healthy man, ASA I classification, requiring upper third molar extraction.

Micro-computerized tomographic analysis of premolars restored with oval and circular posts.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate by micro-computerized tomography (microCT) areas and volumes of post, cement, and voids/bubbles in the post space of oval-shaped premolars restored either with oval or circular posts.

Materials And Methods: Twelve extracted premolars were divided into two groups according to the drill-fiber post system used: (1) GC Fiber Post Drill + circular post GC Fiber Post; (2) Ellipson tip(TM) + oval post Ellipson post(TM). Each tooth was scanned using microCT, and areas and volumes of canal, post space, post, cement, and voids at coronal, medium, and apical level were calculated by using a three-dimensional visualization software.

A comparative immunohistochemical and immunophenotypical study on lymphocytes expression in patients affected by oral lichen planus.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease of uncertain aetiology. OLP has many manifestations: reticular, erosive, atrophic, plaque like, papular, bullous, with unique etiopathogenetic working. The purpose of this study is to find a link between different clinical types of lichen and the alterations of lymphocytes on peripheral blood and oral mucosa.

Push-out bond strength of an experimental self-adhesive resin cement.

The adhesion of fiber posts luted with simplified adhesive systems has been a matter of great interest over the past years. The aim of this study was to assess the post retentive potential of experimental self-adhesive resin cement (EXP) when used alone and in combination with a self-etch adhesive. Fiber posts were placed in endodontically treated teeth and divided into four groups (n = 6) according the luting material, as follows: group 1 (EXP alone); group 2 (EXP used with self-etch adhesive); group 3 (marketed dual-cured cement used with self-etch adhesive); and group 4 (marketed self-adhesive cement).

Benefits of fibre retention osseous resective surgery in the treatment of shallow infrabony defects: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial describing clinical, radiographic and patient-reported outcomes.

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Apically Positioned Flap with Fibre Retention Osseous Resective Surgery (FibReORS) or Osseous Resective Surgery (ORS) to treat periodontal pockets associated with infrabony defect ≤3 mm at posterior natural teeth.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis showing persistent periodontal pockets after cause-related therapy were enrolled; 15 patients were randomly assigned to FibReORS (test group) and 15 to ORS (control group). Measurements were performed by a blind and calibrated examiner.

Microtensile bond strength evaluation of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia ceramic after different pre-treatments.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments and metal primer application on bond strength of zirconia ceramic to a self-adhesive resin cement.

Methods: 40 cylinder-shaped (Ø 12 x 5.25 mm high) of zirconia ceramic (Aadva Zirconia) were randomly divided into four groups (n= 10), based on the surface treatment to be performed: (1) Sandblasting with 125 microm Al2O3 particles (S) (positive control); (2) Selective infiltration etching (SIE); (3) Experimental heated etching solution applied for 30 minutes (ST); (4) No treatment (C).

The effect of zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract added to chewing gum on volatile sulfur-containing compounds in the oral cavity.

Objective: A controlled, clinical, double-blind study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a sugar-free chewing gum containing zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract (MBE) on oral volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC) versus a placebo sugar-free chewing gum for two hours.

Methods: To participate in the study, subjects had to have at least 24 of their teeth, no report of oral and systemic diseases, and no removable dentures. All 168 eligible participants had to avoid any professional oral hygiene, refrain from taking medicine for two weeks, and not be menstruating.