Nuclear interaction of Arp2/3 complex and BRAF promotes aggressive behavior and vemurafenib resistance of thyroid cancer.

The presence of mutant BRAF correlates with the risk of recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. However, not all PTC patients with BRAF are associated with poor prognosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which certain PTC patients with nuclear BRAF become aggressive and develop resistance to a selective BRAF inhibitor, PLX-4032, is urgently needed.

Prostaglandin D2 synthase: Apoptotic factor in alzheimer plasma, inducer of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and dialysis dementia.

Background: Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines have all been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: The present study identifies the apoptotic factor that was responsible for the fourfold increase in apoptotic rates that we previously noted when pig proximal tubule, LLC-PK1, cells were exposed to AD plasma as compared to plasma from normal controls and multi-infarct dementia.

Patients And Methods: The apoptotic factor was isolated from AD urine and identified as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS).