Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.

Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2 cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases.

Angulation of the dural venous sinuses in the posterior cranial fossa: an anatomical study and its implications for venous circulation.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the angulation of the dural venous sinuses in soft tissue, to evaluate differences between types of tissue, and to discuss the potential influence of these angulations on intracranial venous hemodynamics and related pathologies. Angulations formed in different segments of the transverse, sigmoid, and superior sagittal sinuses were measured in 13 adult human cadaveric heads (26 sides). After the soft tissues were removed, measurements were also taken from the underlying bone.

Exposure to Crime at Food Stores: Implications for Nutrition and Health among Black Americans.

Crime is a public health issue that disproportionately affects racially-marginalized populations. Studies have reported that food stores (e.g.

Improving health outcomes by strengthening public sector capacity in social and behaviour change programming in Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Objective: This paper examines the outcomes of the public sector capacity strengthening (PSCS) approach and how they contribute to the promotion of maternal, newborn, and child health, and nutrition (MNCH+N), family planning (FP) and malaria prevention-related outcomes.

Design: The qualitative study implemented from July to August of 2022 used the outcome harvesting methodology and key informant interviews to elicit information including most significant change (MSC) stories to evaluate project outcomes over 5 years (2017-2022).

Setting: The study was conducted in Sokoto, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Bauchi and Ebonyi states of Nigeria.

Retrograde thrombosis of the superficial sylvian vein following liquid adhesive hemostat use during craniotomy: illustrative case.

Background: Intravascular injection of liquid adhesive hemostats is a rare but serious complication that can result in cerebral thromboembolism.

Observations: A 64-year-old female underwent orbitozygomatic craniotomy for posterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping with the routine use of a flowable hemostatic agent during extradural dissection. After placement of the aneurysm clip, flow was confirmed through the parent vessel and nearby branches.

Intracellular concentration of ADA2 is a marker for monocyte differentiation and activation.

Adenosine, a critical molecule regulating cellular function both inside and outside cells, is controlled by two human adenosine deaminases: ADA1 and ADA2. While ADA1 primarily resides in the cytoplasm, ADA2 can be transported to lysosomes within cells or secreted outside the cell. Patients with ADA2 deficiency (DADA2) often suffer from systemic vasculitis due to elevated levels of TNF-α in their blood.

Use of a novel claw-suture technique for localization of solitary pulmonary nodules: retrospective study and experience from one center.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is more effective for diagnosing and treating solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). It is sometimes difficult to localize through use of minimally invasive techniques. We evaluated the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of a novel localization method for SPNs.

Age and Weight Stratified Outcomes of Single Stage Endorectal Pull-through Procedures for Hirschsprung's Disease in Children: Analysis of NSQIP-P Data.

Background: We aimed to analyze the effect of age and weight on 30-day outcomes of single-stage endorectal pull tthrough (ERPT) procedures for Hirschsprung's Disease (HD) using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database to identify an optimal time for surgery.

Methods: We queried NSQIP-P for children <2 years with HD who underwent ERPT between 2016-2021 and did not have a preoperative stoma. Patients were stratified by age (<3 months, 3-6 months and >6 months) and weight (<4 kg, 4-8 kg, and >8 kg) at the time of surgery.

Lifespan cardiometabolic exposures are associated with midlife white matter microstructure: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Introduction: Compartment model analysis of diffusion MRI data provides unique information on the microstructural properties of white matter. However, studies relating compartment model microstructural measures to longitudinal cardiometabolic health data are rare.

Methods: 130 cognitively healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study completed diffusion MRI scans.

Recurrence, Return to Sport, and Reoperation Rates Appear Similar Between Males And Females After Surgery for Anterior Shoulder Instability: Future Research Requires Disaggregation by Sex.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-based disparities in outcomes following surgery for anterior shoulder instability and to assess the quality of the current literature on this topic.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a June 2023 database search (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cinahl) identified level I-III clinical studies on anterior shoulder instability (Jan 2003-May 2023). Eligible studies included male and female outcomes after anterior shoulder stabilization.

Association between interhospital transfer status and outcomes following nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage.

Background: Patients with nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage often require immediate surgical intervention that may not be available at community hospitals and are therefore transferred to tertiary care centers. This study aims to evaluate the effects of interhospital transfer (IHT) on postoperative complications and outcomes following ntSDH.

Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for patients treated for ntSDH from January 2014 to January 2020.

Abundance and possibilities of crAssphage and PMMoV as a viral indicator in raw sewage in wastewater treatment plants.

Given their abundance in human fecal samples, crAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) are proposed as indicators for human enteric viruses. This study measured crAssphage and PMMoV in raw sewage samples (n = 24) between June 2014 and May 2015 from two wastewater treatment facilities in southern Arizona, USA. Both crAssphage and PMMoV were detected in nearly 100% of samples.

Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.

Neutralizing antibody titer has been a surrogate endpoint for guiding COVID-19 vaccine approval and use, although the pandemic's evolution and the introduction of variant-adapted vaccine boosters raise questions as to this surrogate's contemporary performance. For 985 recipients of an mRNA second bivalent or monovalent booster containing various Spike inserts [Prototype (Ancestral), Beta, Delta, and/or Omicron BA.1 or BA.

High-Specific Power Flexible Photovoltaics from Large-Area MoS for Space Applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS and WSe are excellent candidates for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Here, we present the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of large-area CVD-grown MoS-based flexible PV on an off-the-shelf, 3 μm-thick flexible colorless polyimide with polyimide encapsulation designed for space structures. The devices are characterized under 1 sun AM0 illumination and show a of 0.

Regrowth Rate of a Cardiac Myxoma After Percutaneous Aspiration.

Cardiac myxomas are typically treated surgically; however, the operative mortality and recurrence rates are not negligible. In the current report we describe a case of repeat percutaneous aspiration of a right atrial myxoma. The report supports feasibility of the procedure, provides the asymptomatic timeframe after debulking, and the regrowth rate.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Events in Adults With CKD: The CRIC Study.

Rationale & Objective: In the general population, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk, but this relationship has not been well studied among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study seeked to evaluate the association between neighborhood SES and cardiovascular outcomes in a CKD cohort.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective cohort.

Propensity analysis reveals survival disparities between T1a and T1b well-differentiated thyroid cancer based on surgery.

Background: With rising well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) incidence, the appropriate treatment choice remains controversial for T1 tumors <2 cm. This study analyzed differences in surgery refusal and survival outcomes between T1a (<1 cm) and T1b (1-2 cm) WDTC, examining the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with patients who decide to either undergo or refuse recommended surgery.

Methods: We studied 81,664 T1N0M0 WDTC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry [2000-2019].

Plasma galectin-9 levels correlate with blood monocyte turnover and predict simian/human immunodeficiency virus disease progression.

Background: Late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is typically characterized by low CD4 + T-cell count. We previously showed that profound changes in the monocyte turnover (MTO) rate in rhesus macaques infected by the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) outperforms declining CD4 + T-cell counts in predicting rapid health decline associated with progression to terminal disease. High MTO is associated with increased tissue macrophage death.

The vascular supply to the lateral compartment of the leg with emphasis on fibular flap harvesting.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the exact locations of vascular pedicles that supply the fibularis longus and brevis, to identify the morphometric features of those vessels in the lateral compartment of the leg, and to indicate the branching points of the pedicles from the main arteries.

Methods: The popliteal arteries of 40 lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (12 males, 8 females) were bilaterally injected with colored latex. After dissection, the branches of the arteries were identified and counted.

Exploring mental health symptoms in elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis on sex differences.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected elite athletes, leading to increased mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Sex differences in mental health may exist among athletes during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine sex differences in mental health symptoms among elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Two-Dimensional Tantalum Carbo-Selenide for Hydrogen Evolution.

Herein, we report the synthesis of two-dimensional TaSeC (2D-TaSeC) nanosheets using electrochemical lithiation in multilayer TaSeC followed by sonication in deionized water. Multilayer TaSeC was obtained via solid-state synthesis of FeTaSeC followed by chemical etching of Fe. 2D-TaSeC exhibited promising electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction from water compared to multilayer TaSeC and 2D-TaSe.

Reconstructive techniques for chest and breast deformities in Poland syndrome: An up-to-date systematic review.

Background: Poland syndrome (PS) is a congenital abnormality defined as aplasia or hypoplasia of the unilateral pectoralis muscle and breast tissue that may be accompanied by limb or thoracic deformities. Reconstruction of deformities associated with PS is challenging owing to the spectrum of differences. We aimed to evaluate the trends in surgical management of chest and breast anatomical anomalies associated with PS.

High Plasma Polyamine Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Prospective Study From CATIS.

Background: Polyamines have been suggested to play pivotal roles in ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, but the associations of plasma polyamines with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. We aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of plasma putrescine, spermidine, and spermine with PSCI among patients with ischemic stroke in a multicenter cohort study.

Methods And Results: We measured plasma polyamine levels at baseline among 619 patients with ischemic stroke from a preplanned ancillary study of CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke).

Mapping the spatial atlas of the human bone tissue integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.

Bone is a multifaceted tissue requiring orchestrated interplays of diverse cells within specialized microenvironments. Although significant progress has been made in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of component cells of bone, revealing their spatial organization and interactions in native bone tissue microenvironment is crucial for advancing precision medicine, as they govern fundamental signaling pathways and functional dependencies among various bone cells. In this study, we present the first integrative high-resolution map of human bone and bone marrow, using spatial and single-cell transcriptomics profiling from femoral tissue.