60 results match your criteria: "Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center[Affiliation]"
Med Phys
October 2000
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
The electro-mechanical, multivane intensity modulated collimator ("MIMiC") slit collimator with 40 vanes has been applied in the delivery of inversely planned sequential tomotherapy to over 4,000 patients. The collimator is binary in that each vane switches between fully open or closed status. Resulting beamlet patterns provide the intensity distributions imparting dose to the patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Blood Marrow Transplant
January 2001
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
In this prospective, multicenter, phase 2 study, multiple myeloma (MM) patients with primary resistant disease or recurrent chemosensitive disease, in chemoresistant relapse, or in second or subsequent remission were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) rescue. PBSCs were collected using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 5 microg/kg per day subcutaneously for 3 days. Patients underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy consisting of melphalan (140 mg/m2 x 1 day), cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg per day x 2 days), methylprednisolone (2 g/d x 7 days), and total body radiation (150 cGy bid x 3 days) followed by peripheral blood stem cell reinfusion (> or = 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiopharm Drug Dispos
November 1999
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Zafirlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist used to treat allergic and exercise-induced asthma. This in vitro study used human liver microsomes to evaluate the inhibitory activity of zafirlukast versus six human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. Zafirlukast (0-250 microM) was co-incubated with fixed concentrations of index substrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Diagn Pathol
May 2000
Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Composite tumors of the adrenal medulla usually consist of pheochromocytoma admixed with ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuroblastoma. These neoplasms reflect phenotypic plasticity shown by primitive sympathetic cells and mature chromaffin cells in vitro. They may give rise to metastatic neuroblastoma in adults and may cause signs and symptoms attributable to both catecholamine and neuropeptide production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacol Ther
April 2000
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Background: Pharmacokinetic interactions involving antiretroviral therapies may critically influence the efficacy and toxicity of these drugs, as well as pharmacologic treatments of coincident or complicating diseases. The viral protease inhibitor ritonavir is of particular concern since it both inhibits and induces the activity of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoforms.
Methods: The inhibitory effect of ritonavir on the metabolism of alprazolam, a CYP3A-mediated reaction in humans, was tested in vitro using human liver microsomes.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
February 2000
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated via bilateral infusion of the VTA with the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (0, 8, or 40 ng/hemisphere), prior to each of 7 daily systemic cocaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharmacol Exp Ther
May 2000
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Eighteen healthy volunteers (10 men and 8 women) participated in a single-dose, double-blind, three-way crossover pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Treatment conditions were 0.25 mg of triazolam, a full-agonist benzodiazepine ligand; 10 mg of zolpidem, an imidazopyridine having relative selectivity for the type 1 benzodiazepine receptor subtype; and placebo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
March 2000
Department of Neurology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Over the past two to three decades, sleep medicine has emerged as an important discipline as it strives to meet the challenges of some of the most prevalent disorders among humans. Among the 110 disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, two of the most prevalent and treatable have only recently begun to receive significant attention: sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome with sleep-related periodic limb movements disorder. It is becoming clear that the sleep disruption caused by such disorders has ramifications beyond the usually associated daytime sleepiness, and may include: exacerbation of seizures, headaches, short-term memory deficits, and other cognitive problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
March 2000
Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate gene expression and cell growth. Two ERs now have been identified: ERalpha and the more recently discovered ERbeta. The physiological function of ERbeta remains unclear, but evidence from vascular injury studies and from ERbeta knockout mice suggests that ERbeta may be involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
November 1999
Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle are regulated by myosin light-chain kinase and myosin phosphatase through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of myosin light chains. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase Ialpha (cGKIalpha) mediates physiologic relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in response to nitric oxide and cGMP. It is shown here that cGKIalpha is targeted to the smooth muscle cell contractile apparatus by a leucine zipper interaction with the myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Psychopharmacol
October 1999
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
The appearance of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in the mid-1980s caused the discipline of clinical psychopharmacology to refocus attention to the topics of drug metabolism and drug interactions. This article reviews the metabolic profiles of some newer antidepressants, the clinical implications of metabolic properties, and research methodology that can be applied in determining which specific human cytochromes P450 (CYP) mediate metabolic pathways. Also reviewed are the relative activities of various new antidepressants as inhibitors of CYPs, and the benefits and drawbacks of in vivo and in vitro methodologies for identification and quantitation of drug interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFertil Steril
July 1999
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02111, USA.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that elevated temperature is more common after abdominal myomectomy than after hysterectomy.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Academic medical center.
J Interv Card Electrophysiol
July 1999
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Urology
April 1999
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Am J Physiol
March 1999
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Tupper Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Inflammation and microbial infection produce symptoms, including fever, anorexia, and hypoactivity, that are thought to be mediated by endogenous proinflammatory cytokines. Melanocortins are known to act centrally to suppress effects on fever and other sequelae of proinflammatory cytokine actions in the central nervous system, but the roles of melanocortins in anorexia and hypoactivity occurring during the acute phase response are unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effects of exogenous and endogenous alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in relation to their effects on fever.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Biol
March 1999
Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
Immature oocytes of many species are incompetent to undergo cortical granule (CG) exocytosis upon fertilization. In mouse eggs, CG exocytosis is dependent primarily on an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). While deficiencies upstream of [Ca2+]i release are known, this study examined whether downstream deficiencies also contribute to the incompetence of preovulatory mouse oocytes to release CGs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Reprod
January 1999
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
In mammalian fertilization, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent Ca2+ release is a crucial signaling event that originates from the vicinity of sperm-egg interaction and spreads as a wave throughout the egg cytoplasm. While it is known that Ca2+ is released by the type 1 IP3R in the egg cortex, the potential involvement of other isoform types responsible for the Ca2+ rise in the mouse egg (interior) and their spatial distribution are not known. In addition, the biochemical basis has not been definitively established for the development of increased sensitivity to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) during meiotic maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAJR Am J Roentgenol
November 1998
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry
October 1998
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02111, USA.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and related antidepressant compounds have the secondary pharmacologic property of inhibiting the activity of human cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many drugs. A number of clinically important pharmacokinetic drug interactions are a consequence of these cytochrome inhibiting effects. This review evaluates the clinical implications of the metabolic profiles of the newer antidepressants, the relative activities of various new antidepressants as inhibitors of human cytochrome P450, and the various in vivo and in vitro methodologies that can be used for identification and quantification of drug interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Tissue Res
September 1998
Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Box 802, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Normal rabbit serum (NRS) produces intense staining of epinephrine (E) cells in microwave-heated sections of rat and mouse adrenal gland. This staining is not eliminated by liver adsorption, complement inactivation, high salt buffer, Triton X-100 or dilution in normal goat serum and bovine serum albumin (BSA), suggesting that it may result from specific antigen-antibody interactions. Western blots of adrenal medullary protein probed with NRS reveal several bands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol
August 1998
Department of Medicine and the Tupper Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Systemically administered alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) inhibits endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)- or interleukin (IL)-1-induced fever and adrenocortical activation, but the sites of these actions and the mechanisms involved are unknown. The aims of this study were, first, to determine whether melanocortin receptors (MCR) located within the central nervous system mediate the suppressive effects of peripherally administered alpha-MSH on LPS-induced fever and activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and, second, to determine whether systemic alpha-MSH suppresses the LPS-induced rise in plasma IL-6 levels, potentially contributing to its antipyretic effect. Male rats received Escherichia coli LPS (25 microg/kg ip).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Intern Med
July 1998
Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
J Infect Dis
June 1998
Tupper Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Synthesis of complement components is part of the acute-phase response. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a critical mediator of the acute-phase response during infections and injuries. Plasma levels of C3a and IL-6 have been proposed as prognostic indicators in sepsis and trauma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Several reports have documented that the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase is present in prostatic tissue. However, since it has been shown that lower urinary tract manipulations, including transurethral prostatectomy, do not significantly increase serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB levels, such elevations, which are found in patients after prostatic surgery, are believed to be specific for myocardial infarction. We examined whether cryosurgical ablation of the prostate altered serum creatine kinase or isoenzyme MB levels.
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