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117 results match your criteria: "Tufts University School of Engineering[Affiliation]"
Nat Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
October 2024
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is considered an occasional, late-stage complication of HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the clinical importance of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Children aged 9 to 36 months presenting with diarrhea and cough or unexplained tachypnea (N = 1,918) were screened for fecal Cryptosporidium using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emerging field of cellular agriculture has accelerated the development of cell-cultivated adipose tissue as an additive to enhance the flavor of alternative meat products. However, there has been limited research to evaluate the sensory profile of in vitro-grown tissues compared to conventionally obtained animal fat. This study aimed to investigate the aromatic characteristics of cell-cultivated fat tissue as a flavor enhancer for meat alternatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
June 2024
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Given the increase in COVID-19 emergency department visits and hospitalizations during the winter of 2023-2024, identifying groups that have a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, severity, and long-term symptoms can help increase efforts toward reducing disparities and prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes. Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey ( = 27,651), we assessed the prevalence of COVID-19 outcomes (prior diagnosis, moderate/severe COVID-19, and long COVID) by sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with each COVID-19 outcome. Approximately one third of adults reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis (30.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
May 2024
Department of Community Health, Tufts School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA 02115, USA.
Understanding how attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination have changed over time is essential for identifying areas where targeted messaging and interventions can improve vaccination confidence and uptake. Using data from multiple waves of the nationally representative U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
August 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia is a serious clinical challenge with high mortality rates. Antibiotic combination therapy is currently used in cases of persistent infection; however, the limited development of new antibiotics will likely increase the need for combination therapy, and better methods are needed for identifying effective combinations for treating persistent bacteremia. To identify pairwise combinations with the most consistent potential for benefit compared to monotherapy with a primary anti-MRSA agent, we conducted a systematic study with an high-throughput methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiology
September 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Background: Causal graphs are an important tool for covariate selection but there is limited applied research on how best to create them. Here, we used data from the Coronary Drug Project trial to assess a range of approaches to directed acyclic graph (DAG) creation. We focused on the effect of adherence on mortality in the placebo arm, since the true causal effect is believed with a high degree of certainty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health
April 2024
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA.
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the setting of education for many children in the U.S. Understanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage by educational setting is important for developing targeted messages, increasing parents' confidence in COVID-19 vaccines, and protecting all children from severe effects of COVID-19 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
February 2024
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
In this article, we explored the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) peak exposure on inflammatory biomarkers and blood lipids using two novel metrics-the intensity of peaks and the frequency of peaks. We used data previously collected by the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health project from participants in the Greater Boston Area. The UFP exposure data were time-activity-adjusted hourly average concentration, estimated using land use regression models based on mobile-monitored ambient concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
March 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, & Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Unlabelled: The rise in infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has necessitated a variety of clinical approaches, including the use of antibiotic combinations. Here, we tested the hypothesis that drug-drug interactions vary in different media, and determined which models best predict drug interactions in the lungs. We systematically studied pair-wise antibiotic interactions in three different media, CAMHB, (a rich lab medium standard for antibiotic susceptibility testing), a urine mimetic medium (UMM), and a minimal medium of M9 salts supplemented with glucose and iron (M9Glu) with three Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens, (Ab), (Kp), and (Pa).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
January 2024
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Long COVID and its symptoms have not been examined in different subpopulations of U.S. adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Psychol
February 2024
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
There is increasing recognition that people are experiencing stress and anxiety around climate change, and that this climate stress/anxiety may be associated with more pro-environmental behavior. However, less is known about whether people's own environmental exposures affect climate stress/anxiety or the relationship between climate stress/anxiety and civic engagement. Using three waves of survey data (2020-2022) from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study of US adults (n = 1071), we assessed relationships among environmental exposures (county-level air pollution, greenness, number of toxic release inventory sites, and heatwaves), self-reported climate stress/anxiety, and civic engagement measures (canvasing behavior, collaborating to solve community problems, personal efficacy to solve community problems, group efficacy to solve community problems, voting behavior).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
December 2023
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
A growing body of literature has attempted to characterize how traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) affects molecular and subclinical biological processes in ways that could lead to cardiorespiratory disease. To provide a streamlined synthesis of what is known about the multiple mechanisms through which TRAP could lead to cardiorespiratory pathology, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature relating TRAP exposure to methylomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers in adult populations. Using the 139 papers that met our inclusion criteria, we identified the omic biomarkers significantly associated with short- or long-term TRAP and used these biomarkers to conduct pathway and network analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
February 2024
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA.
Introduction: Exposure to metals is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Potential mechanisms for metals-T2D associations involve biological processes including oxidative stress and disruption of insulin-regulated glucose uptake. In this study, we assessed whether associations between metal exposure and metabolite profiles relate to biological pathways linked to T2D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
October 2023
Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Cancer cell-secreted eHsp90 binds and activates proteins in the tumor microenvironment crucial in cancer invasion. Therefore, targeting eHsp90 could inhibit invasion, preventing metastasis-the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Previous eHsp90 studies have solely focused on its role in cancer invasion through the 2D basement membrane (BM), a form of extracellular matrix (ECM) that lines the epithelial compartment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Decis Making
January 2024
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Professional roles within a hospital system may influence attitudes behind clinical decisions.
Objective: To determine participants' preferences about clinical decisions that either value equal health care access or efficiency.
Design: Deidentified survey asking participants to choose between offering a low-cost screening test to a whole population ("equal access") or a more sensitive, expensive test that could be given to only half of the population but resulting in 10% more avoided deaths ("efficient").
medRxiv
October 2023
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
A growing body of literature has attempted to characterize how traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) affects molecular and subclinical biological processes in ways that could lead to cardiorespiratory disease. To provide a streamlined synthesis of what is known about the multiple mechanisms through which TRAP could lead cardiorespiratory pathology, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature relating TRAP exposure to methylomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers in adult populations. Using the 139 papers that met our inclusion criteria, we identified the omic biomarkers significantly associated with short- or long-term TRAP and used these biomarkers to conduct pathway and network analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTAR Protoc
September 2023
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address:
Biosafety level 3 decontamination precautions motivate measuring microbial colonies using consumable photography instead of expensive automated plate counters or smartphones, and assaying drug treatments-with multiple concentrations per treatment, replicates, and controls-produces hundreds of images. Here, we present a protocol for semi-automated image analysis by hand-tuning three parameters. The parameters control for non-uniform colony growth and artifacts such as lid condensation, reflections, and plating streaks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Med
December 2023
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Introduction: Despite recommendations for COVID-19 primary series completion and booster doses for children and adolescents, coverage has been less than optimal, particularly in some subpopulations. This study explored disparities in childhood/adolescent COVID-19 vaccination, parental intent to vaccinate their children and adolescents, and reasons for non-vaccination in the US.
Methods: Using the U.
medRxiv
May 2023
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Certain environmental exposures, such as air pollution, are associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To determine whether environmental context is associated with other COVID-19 experiences, we used data from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study data (n=1785; three survey waves 2020-2022). Environmental context was assessed using self-reported climate stress and county-level air pollution, greenness, toxic release inventory site, and heatwave data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
July 2023
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mycobacterium abscessus infections are difficult to treat and are often considered untreatable without tissue resection. Due to the intrinsic drug-resistant nature of the bacteria, combination therapy of three or more antibiotics is recommended. A major challenge in treating M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
July 2023
Lancon Environmental, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation systems, commonly used to disinfect surfaces, drinking water, and air, stem from historical practice to use sunlight to disinfect household items after contagious illness. Currently, it is still recommended in viral outbreak contexts such as COVID-19, Ebola, and Marburg to expose soft surfaces to sunlight after washing with detergent or disinfecting with chlorine. However, sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface is in the UVA/UVB wavelengths, whereas UV disinfection systems typically rely on biocidal UVC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Negl Trop Dis
April 2023
Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Maryland, United States of America.
Cholera outbreaks primarily occur in areas lacking adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and infection can cause severe dehydration and death. As individuals living near cholera cases are more likely to contract cholera, case-area targeted interventions (CATI), where a response team visits case and neighbor households and conducts WASH and/or epidemiological interventions, are increasingly implemented to interrupt cholera transmission. As part of a multi-pronged evaluation on whether CATIs reduce cholera transmission, we compared two organizations' standard operating procedures (SOPs) with information from key informant interviews with 26 staff at national/headquarters and field levels who implemented CATIs in Nigeria in 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Infect Control
September 2023
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA.
We assessed COVID-19 booster vaccination coverage and reasons for non-receipt using a large, nationally representative survey (June - August, 2022). Booster vaccination coverage was 71.7% among adults, 36.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
February 2023
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Combination therapy is necessary to treat tuberculosis to decrease the rate of disease relapse and prevent the acquisition of drug resistance, and shorter regimens are urgently needed. The adaptation of to various lesion microenvironments in infection induces various states of slow replication and non-replication and subsequent antibiotic tolerance. This non-heritable tolerance to treatment necessitates lengthy combination therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF