A comparative analysis of nutrition-related assessment criteria and associated nutrition performance scores of food companies across three prominent corporate sustainability assessment tools.

Objective: Corporate sustainability assessment tools are increasingly used to evaluate company performance on environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria. Given the growing burden of diet-related disease and nutrition-related business risks, it is important to understand the scope of nutrition-related ESG data currently available. This study aimed to compare the nutrition-related assessment criteria and associated food company performance across three prominent assessment tools.

Criterion validation of nutrient profiling systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nutrient profiling systems (NPSs) use algorithms to evaluate the nutritional quality of foods and beverages. Criterion validation, which assesses the relationship between consuming foods rated as healthier by the NPS and objective measures of health, is essential to ensure the accuracy of NPSs.

Objective: We examined and compared NPSs that have undergone criterion validity testing in relation to diet-related disease risk and risk markers.

The Complexity of the Seasonality of Nutritional Status: Two Annul Peaks in Child Wasting in Eastern Chad.

Background: Understanding seasonal patterns in nutritional status is critical for achieving and tracking global nutrition goals. However, the majority of nutrition seasonality research design draws on 2 or 3 within-year time points based on existing assumptions of seasonality, missing a more nuanced pattern.

Objective: We aimed to identify the intra-year variability of childhood wasting, severe wasting, and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) in a dryland single wet-season context and illustrate an analytical approach for improving analysis of the seasonality of nutritional status.

Seasonality of Acute Malnutrition in African Drylands: Evidence From 15 Years of SMART Surveys.

Reduction of wasting, or low weight-for-height, is a critical target for the Zero Hunger Sustainable Development Goal, yet robust evidence establishing continuous seasonal patterns of wasting is presently lacking. The current consensus of greatest hunger during the preharvest period is based on survey designs and analytical methods, which discretize time frame into preharvest/postharvest, dry/wet, or lean/plenty seasons. We present a spatiotemporally nuanced study of acute malnutrition seasonality in African drylands using a 15-year data set of Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition surveys (n = 412,370).

Forecasting Seasonal Acute Malnutrition: Setting the Framework.

Background: Malnutrition is an umbrella term that refers to an impairment in nutrition indicative of subsequently compromised human well-being. The term covers the full spectrum of nutritional impairments from a small yet detectable departure from a "norm" to a terminal stage when severe malnutrition could result in death. This broad spectrum of nutritional departures from "the optimum" dictates the need for an ensemble of metrics to capture the complexity of involved mechanisms, risk factors, precipitating events, short-term, and long-term consequences.

A Relational Approach to the Drivers of Child Acute Malnutrition.

Background: This article presents a new analytical approach to acute malnutrition causal analysis that is different from the orthodox approach in 2 respects. First, it engages with basic causes, that is, beyond the usual focus on individuals and households. Second, it uses a view in the causal analysis.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations.

Background: There is a lack of consensus on a reference range for ionized magnesium (iMg) in blood as a measure of the status of circulating iMg for the screening of populations.

Objectives: We estimated the reference range of iMg levels for healthy adult populations and the ranges for populations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. We also estimated 95% ranges for circulating magnesium (Mg) in healthy and those with cardiometabolic diseases.

Development and Validation of the US Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease Microsimulation (DOC-M) Model: Health Disparity and Economic Impact Model.

Background: Few simulation models have incorporated the interplay of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD); their upstream lifestyle and biological risk factors; and their downstream effects on health disparities and economic consequences.

Methods: We developed and validated a US Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease Microsimulation (DOC-M) model that incorporates demographic, clinical, and lifestyle risk factors to jointly predict overall and racial-ethnic groups-specific obesity, diabetes, CVD, and cause-specific mortality for the US adult population aged 40 to 79 y at baseline. An individualized health care cost prediction model was further developed and integrated.

Undernutrition in older children and adolescents in peri-urban Zambia.

Background: Adolescents make up roughly a quarter of the population in Zambia; however, most nutrition-related programming is targeted at the under-five population. Understanding the scale of undernutrition in older children and adolescents is fundamental to alleviating food insecurity and addressing undernutrition across all age groups.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in four low-income, peri-urban compounds in Chilanga District which included anthropometric measurements of children between ages 6 months-19 years and a household-level diet diversity and food security questionnaire.

Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health: public health policies to reduce consumption cannot wait.

Incomplete understanding of the multiple mechanisms underlying the link between ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health should not be an excuse for inaction argue

Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases and social inequities. For most nations, recent estimates and trends of intake are not available; nor variation by education or urbanicity. We investigated SSB intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries, stratified subnationally by age, sex, education, and rural/urban residence, using data from the Global Dietary Database.

Results from "Live Well", a randomized controlled community-based participatory intervention to prevent obesity in new immigrant mother-child dyads.

Background: Upon arrival, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is lower in new immigrants than their native counterparts in the U.S. With longer residency in the U.

Association of Pork Intake with Cognitive Performance in Older Adults Enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014 Data Cycles.

Background: Pork provides higher levels of several nutrients important for cognitive maintenance in older adults. A pilot clinical study suggests the addition of moderate amounts of pork to a Mediterranean-style diet improves cognition in older adults. There is an absence of observational research that isolates effects of pork from other red meats.

Research is still limited on nutrition and quality of life among older adults.

Introduction: Globally, the number of older adults is growing exponentially. Yet, while living longer, people are not necessarily healthier. Nutrition can positively impact healthy aging and quality of life (QoL).

n-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident atrial fibrillation: an individual participant-level pooled analysis of 11 international prospective studies.

Background: The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an over 2-fold increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Long chain n-6 PUFAs have been suggested to have a variety of beneficial biologic effects that may reduce AF development; however, prior studies evaluating this relationship are limited.

Objectives: We prospectively evaluated the association between circulating levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) with incident AF.

Zoo-Sanitary Situation Assessment, an Initial Step in Country Disease Prioritization Process: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 2000 to 2020 in Cameroon.

To prevent and/or control infectious diseases in animal and human health, an appropriate surveillance system based on suitable up-to-date epidemiological data is required. The systematic review protocol was designed according to the PRISMA statement to look at the available data on infectious diseases of livestock in Cameroon from 2000-2020. Data were searched through online databases.

The Role of Agricultural Systems in Teaching Kitchens: An Integrative Review and Thoughts for the Future.

Diet-related chronic disease is a public health epidemic in the United States. Concurrently, conventional agricultural and food production methods deplete the nutritional content of many foods, sever connections between people and the origin of their food, and play a significant role in climate change. Paradoxically, despite an abundance of available food in the US, many households are unable to afford or attain a healthful diet.

HEAR US: a qualitative study of racial discrimination in Boston's Chinatown and empowering change from within the community.

Objective: To qualitatively explore the impact of anti-Asian racism in a Chinese community in the greater Boston area.

Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews (n = 27) were conducted between June and September 2021. Eligible participants were ethnic Chinese immigrants living in the Boston area, who were recruited through a community-based organization and by word-of-mouth.

GamerFit-ASD beta test: adapting an evidence-based exergaming and telehealth coaching intervention for autistic youth.

Background: Health disparities faced by autistic youth are exacerbated by inadequate physical activity (PA) and sleep, whereas healthy PA and sleep may improve mood and function. Adaptive Game Squad (AGS) is an evidence-based telehealth coaching and exergaming intervention to improve PA and sleep for adolescents with diverse neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to adapt AGS for autistic youth ages 10-15 years; beta-test the modified intervention for feasibility, accessibility, and engagement; and further refine the intervention for a larger planned demonstration pilot.

Improvements in dietary intake, behaviors, and psychosocial measures in a community-randomized cardiovascular disease risk reduction intervention: Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities 2.0.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has disproportionately risen among midlife and older female adults of rural communities, partly due to poor diet and diet-related behaviors and psychosocial factors that impede healthy eating.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Strong Hearts Healthy Communities 2.0 (SHHC-2.

Availability of calorie information on online menus from chain restaurants in the USA: current prevalence and legal landscape.

Objective: Federal law requires calorie information on chain restaurant menus. We sought to assess the prevalence of calorie disclosures on online menus and determine if the menus are controlled by restaurants subject to US labelling requirements.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Interventions to reduce camel and small ruminant young stock morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.

Morbidity and mortality of young stock is a challenge for livestock producers globally. In Ethiopia, where camels and small ruminants (sheep and goats) are essential smallholder and pastoral livestock, young stock losses can cause severe consequences to livelihoods. This pilot study, part of a Government-led Young Stock Mortality Reduction Consortium project, was undertaken to identify and evaluate interventions to reduce young stock mortality in mixed crop-livestock and pastoral production systems in Ethiopia.