Excluding whole grain-containing foods from the Nova ultraprocessed food category: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact on associations with cardiometabolic risk measures.

Background: Whole grain (WG) consumption is linked with a reduced risk of chronic disease. However, the recommendations of the Nova classification system tend to contradict this evidence as high WG-containing foods, such as bread and cereals, are considered ultraprocessed, and intake is discouraged.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore associations of cardiometabolic risk measures with ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake as classified by Nova compared with when foods with ≥25% and ≥50% WG are removed from the Nova UPF category.

Mitochondria-Targeted Catalase Does Not Suppress Development of Cellular Senescence during Aging.

Cellular senescence is a complex stress response marked by stable proliferative arrest and the secretion of biologically active molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in aging and age-related processes, including senescence. Stressors that increase ROS levels promote both senescence and the SASP, while reducing mitochondrial ROS or mitochondria themselves can prevent senescence or the SASP.

"Food Is Medicine" Strategies for Nutrition Security and Cardiometabolic Health Equity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

"Food Is Medicine" (FIM) represents a spectrum of food-based interventions integrated into health care for patients with specific health conditions and often social needs. Programs include medically tailored meals, groceries, and produce prescriptions, with varying levels of nutrition and culinary education. Supportive advances include expanded care pathways and payment models, e-screening for food and nutrition security, and curricular and accreditation requirements for medical nutrition education.

The Science of Precision Prevention: Research Opportunities and Clinical Applications to Reduce Cardiovascular Health Disparities.

Precision prevention embraces personalized prevention but includes broader factors such as social determinants of health to improve cardiovascular health. The quality, quantity, precision, and diversity of data relatable to individuals and communities continue to expand. New analytical methods can be applied to these data to create tools to attribute risk, which may allow a better understanding of cardiovascular health disparities.

Dietary Supplement Use in Transmasculine People: Results of an Online Survey of Volunteer Adults.

Introduction: Health inequities and disparities in nutrition research exist among transmasculine people. A dearth of evidence on dietary supplement use and motivations exist, partially due to constrained collection of sex and gender identity in national surveys.

Objective: We sought to investigate common motivations and use of dietary supplements in a voluntary survey of transmasculine people.

Selective transcriptomic dysregulation of metabolic pathways in liver and retina by short- and long-term dietary hyperglycemia.

A high glycemic index (HGI) diet induces hyperglycemia, a risk factor for diseases affecting multiple organ systems. Here, we evaluated tissue-specific adaptations in the liver and retina after feeding HGI diet to mice for 1 or 12 month. In the liver, genes associated with inflammation and fatty acid metabolism were altered within 1 month of HGI diet, whereas 12-month HGI diet-fed group showed dysregulated expression of cytochrome P450 genes and overexpression of lipogenic factors including and .

Physiologic Effects of Isolated or Synthetic Dietary Fiber in Children: A Scoping Review.

Background: Fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet. Studies have shown that the fiber intake in children is below adequate amounts, leading to adverse health outcomes.

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a scoping review to assess the available evidence for the impact of isolated and synthetic dietary fiber on children's health outcomes.

Using coupons to encourage healthier child snack purchases in corner stores: results from the CHOMPS study.

Objectives: To examine youths' (ages 6-15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases.

Methods: This pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in Massachusetts. Kids-only coupons of varying discounts were provided in store and paired with simple visual and verbal economic and health messages.

CDK6 inhibits de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissues but not in the liver.

Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in white adipose tissue is associated with insulin sensitivity. Under both Normal-Chow-Diet and High-Fat-Diet, mice expressing a kinase inactive Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) allele (K43M) display an increase in DNL in visceral white adipose tissues (VAT) as compared to wild type mice (WT), accompanied by markedly increased lipogenic transcriptional factor Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding proteins (CHREBP) and lipogenic enzymes in VAT but not in the liver. Treatment of WT mice under HFD with a CDK6 inhibitor recapitulates the phenotypes observed in K43M mice.

Peak timing of slowest growth velocity among young children coincides with highest ambient temperatures in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study.

Background: Seasonal cycles in climatic factors affect drivers of child growth and contribute to seasonal fluctuations in undernutrition. Current growth seasonality models are limited by categorical definitions of seasons that rely on assumptions about their timing and fail to consider their magnitude.

Objective: We disentangle the relationship between climatic factors and growth indicators, using harmonic regression to determine how child growth is related to peaks in temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.

Revisiting the Definition of 'Healthy' Participants in Substantiation of Structure/Function Claims for Dietary Supplements.

Concepts and definitions of 'healthy' have been evolving within clinical treatment algorithms as well as reference standards such as Body Mass Index and Dietary Reference Intakes. Consumers' perception of the word 'healthy' is also changing to reflect longer life span, need to stay active and in a good state of mental well-being while managing multiple diseases. Guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration indicate that substantiating evidence for support of Structure/Function (S/F) claims for dietary supplements is best derived from clinical research conducted in a 'healthy' population.

Uncovering the rheological properties basis for freeze drying treatment-induced improvement in the solubility of myofibrillar proteins.

Myofibrillar proteins (MPs) are an important nutritional supplement and have great significance in sports training and rehabilitation therapy. Currently, MPs preservation is still disputed since they are vulnerable to degradation, polymerization, and denaturation. Freeze-drying is an emerging technology for protein preservation, its effects on the functionality of MPs from different sources have not yet been thoroughly studied.

School victimization and psychosocial adjustment among Eastern European adopted adolescents across Europe.

Background: Little is known about bullying experienced by internationally adopted teens residing in Europe.

Objectives: Within the framework of an international research effort involving several European countries, the main goal of this study was to explore the experiences of bullying victimization suffered by adopted adolescents, as well as its impact on their psychological adjustment.

Methods: The sample consisted of 199 adolescents born in Eastern European countries and adopted in France (n = 50), Italy (n = 59), Norway (n = 25) and Spain (n = 65).

Landscape analysis of environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing metrics for consumer nutrition and health in the food and beverage sector.

Introduction: The private sector plays a critical role in influencing food choices and health outcomes of consumers. Among private sector actors, investors are a powerful yet underutilised stakeholder for driving scalable public health impact. There are systems to facilitate investors' involvement, notably environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing, which is well placed to include an assessment of business risks to social well-being.

Conceptualization and Assessment of 24-H Timing of Eating and Energy Intake: A Methodological Systematic Review of the Chronic Disease Literature.

Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621).

The longitudinal association between caregivers' perceived competence and autonomy and children's dietary consumption before and 10 months into the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been stressful, potentially affecting caregivers' feeding choices. Caregivers play a role in shaping children's diets, yet few studies have explored how their competence and autonomy, defined by the Self-Determination Theory, impact children's diets. We examined the relationship between caregivers' autonomy and competence and their feeding practices before and during the first year of the pandemic.

Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Premium Cost Growth and Its Association With Earnings Inequality Among US Families.

Importance: Costs of employer-sponsored health care benefits have increased faster than workers' wages for several decades, with important implications for disparities in earnings and wage stagnation.

Objective: To quantify how growth in employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) premiums may have been associated with reduced annual wages, disparities in earnings by race and ethnicity and wage level, and wage stagnation among US families with ESI.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this economic evaluation, serial cross-sectional analyses were performed of US families receiving ESI from 1988 to 2019 based on data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, Kaiser Employer Health Benefits Survey, US Census Bureau's Current Population Survey, and federal payroll taxation rates.