Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant and is essential for immune function and infection resistance. Supplementation is necessary when a sufficient amount of vitamin C is not obtained through the diet. Alternative formulations of vitamin C may enhance its bioavailability and retention over traditional ascorbic acid.

Food insecurity, dietary quality, and the role of social network support and barriers among immigrant Latino adults in New York City.

The goal of this study is to describe the social networks of Latino immigrants (n=80) in New York City, and how various network features are linked with dietary quality and food insecurity. Participants had higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores if their social networks were more transitive (β = 6.11, <0.

Learning from the roundtable on obesity solutions experiences: A 10-year anniversary point of view.

The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions (ROOS), established in 2014, is a unique organization of multisectoral voices addressing the public health challenge of obesity. The ROOS brings together practitioners, researchers, funders, companies, health systems, government agencies, and the lived experience to dialogue and guide the national conversation about the multilevel challenges and opportunities related to obesity. This paper presents insights and key learnings from a symposium developed to celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the ROOS.

Modulation of the Oxygenation State and Intracellular pH of Erythrocytes by Inositol-Trispyrophosphate Investigated by P NMR Study of 2,3-DPG.

The hypoxic microenvironment is crucial for tumour cell growth and invasiveness. Tumour tissue results from adaptation to reduced oxygen availability. Hypoxia first activates pro-angiogenic signals for alleviation.

Testing a Web-Based Interactive Comic Tool to Decrease Obesity Risk Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Preadolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Childhood obesity prevalence remains high, especially in racial and ethnic minority populations with low incomes. This epidemic is attributed to various dietary behaviors, including increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary beverages and decreased intake of fruits and vegetables. Interactive, technology-based approaches are emerging as promising tools to support health behavior changes.

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030.

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact-and possibly depend on-changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change.

Differences in US Adult Dietary Patterns by Cardiovascular Health and Socioeconomic Vulnerability.

Background: Naturally occurring dietary patterns, a major contributor to health, are not well described among those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) - particularly in light of socioeconomic vulnerability. We sought to identify major dietary patterns in the US and their distribution by CVD, social risk factors, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 32,498 noninstitutionalized adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2020).

Individual and Joint Associations Between Animal and Plant Protein Intakes with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study.

Objectives: Given the considerable discrepancy in the literature regarding dietary protein and glucose homeostasis, we examined the prospective association between protein intake (total, animal, plant) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We also examined whether these associations differed by sex, body weight, or other risk factors.

Methods: We included 1423 subjects, aged ≥ 30 years, in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort.

Systemic regulation of retinal medium-chain fatty acid oxidation repletes TCA cycle flux in oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Activation of anaplerosis takes away glutamine from the biosynthetic pathways to the energy-producing TCA cycle. Especially, induction of hyperoxia driven anaplerosis in neurovascular tissues such as the retina during early stages of development could deplete biosynthetic precursors from newly proliferating endothelial cells impeding physiological angiogenesis and leading to vasoobliteration. Using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model, we investigated the metabolic differences between OIR-resistant BALB/cByJ and OIR susceptible C57BL/6J strains at system levels to understand the molecular underpinnings that potentially contribute to hyperoxia-induced vascular abnormalities in the neural retina.

Systematic Review of Interventions in Early Pregnancy Among Pregnant Individuals at Risk for Hyperglycemia.

Objective: The maternal metabolic environment in early pregnancy can influence fetal growth trajectories. Our objective was to identify interventions initiated in early pregnancy (<20 weeks gestation) in pregnant individuals with risk factors for hyperglycemia and report their impact on primary (neonatal adiposity, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, macrosomia) and secondary outcomes (gestational weight gain, maternal hypertensive disorder, birth injury, NICU admission, preterm delivery, emergency cesarean section).

Data Sources: We searched Cochrane Central database, Medline, Embase, CINAHL databases, and clinicaltrials.

Opportunities in programs and policies to address the underlying drivers of sugary drink and water consumption in the Washington DC metro area: a qualitative community-based system dynamics approach.

Background: Though the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that individuals drink water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), this behavior is influenced and reinforced by a complex network of structures and systems.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to develop a shared understanding among multiple stakeholders about the structural and underlying, interconnected drivers of SSB and water consumption in the Washington D.C.

Food Policy Councils and Healthy Food Access Policies: A 2021 National Survey of Community Policy Supports.

Introduction: Food policy councils (FPCs) are frequently used to facilitate change in food systems at the local, state, and regional levels, or in tribal nations. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of food policy councils and similar coalitions among US municipalities and their associations with healthy food access policies.

Methods: We used data from the 2021 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living, administered to municipal officials from May through September 2021.

Heterogeneity in Health Outcomes in the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities-2.0 Multilevel Intervention in a Community-Randomized Trial: An Exploratory Study of Moderators.

Background/objectives: Multilevel interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving obesity and other related health outcomes. However, heterogeneity in individual responses indicates the need to identify the factors associated with responses and non-responses to multilevel interventions. The objective of this report is to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity through the exploration of the moderation effects of participant characteristics (sociodemographic and baseline physical/mental health) in the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities-2.

Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an updated and comprehensive assessment of the global burden attributable to SSBs remains scarce. Here we estimated SSB-attributable T2D and CVD burdens across 184 countries in 1990 and 2020 globally, regionally and nationally, incorporating data from the Global Dietary Database, jointly stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and urbanicity.

Associations between omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators and markers of inflammation in older subjects with low-grade chronic inflammation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and globally, is a chronic inflammatory disease likely caused by an impaired ability to resolve inflammation. Pre-clinical studies have provided strong evidence of the activating role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the resolution of inflammation. However, there is a dearth of information on the role of SPMs on inflammation in humans.

Integrating food is medicine and regenerative agriculture for planetary health.

The urgent need to address both human and environmental health crises has brought attention to the role of food systems in driving climate change, biodiversity loss, and diet-related diseases. This paper explores the intersection of Food is Medicine (FIM) and regenerative agriculture (RA) as an emerging approach with the potential to help address the interconnected challenges of human and ecological health within healthcare and food systems. FIM programs, such as produce prescriptions and medically tailored meals, aim to improve health outcomes by increasing access to nutritious foods and promoting nutrition equity.

The Continued Implementation and Perceived Impact of an Elementary School Wellness Policy After Extended COVID-19-Related School Closures.

Background: Schools play a key role in children's health. Following COVID-19, programs that promote students' well-being are needed more than ever. This study examines the continuation of a wellness initiative in Anchorage, Alaska, in the 2021-2022 school year.

Sorting it out: perceptions of foods among newly arrived adolescent refugees in the Southeastern USA.

Objective: To explore the meanings that newly arrived refugee adolescents residing in the Southeastern USA attribute to foods.

Design: We used methods from cognitive anthropology to assess whether adolescents from different countries share a cultural model of eating behaviours.

Setting: A school-based study in a community in the Southeastern USA.

Detectable use of ENSO information on crop production in Southern Africa.

People have known that El Niño events are associated with low rainfall in Southern Africa for a century, and seasonal rainfall forecasts are now available in agricultural advisories for farmers. While there is abundant theory as to how farmers might (or should) use seasonal rainfall information on their farms, little is known about whether this information has been widely used or has had widespread benefit. In this study, we use subnational data on cropping area and yield to see if we can detect any macro-level patterns in agricultural choices or outcomes that are related to knowledge of the El Niño Southern Oscillation or seasonal forecast information in Southern Africa.

The Relationship of Pork Meat Consumption with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Biomarkers of Health Status in Korean Older Adults.

Background: Pork meat is a widely consumed protein food with the potential to differentially affect health and nutritional status across social and cultural contexts.

Objectives: We evaluated the association between pork meat consumption and nutrient intake, diet quality, and biomarkers of health among older adults (age ≥ 65 years) in Korea.

Methods: Our analyses utilized dietary and health examination data from the 2016-2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( = 2068).