Performance of ChatGPT-4o in the diagnostic workup of fever among returning travelers requiring hospitalization: a validation study.

Background: Febrile illness in returned travelers presents a diagnostic challenge in non-endemic settings. Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to assist in medical tasks, yet its diagnostic performance in clinical settings has rarely been evaluated. We conducted a preliminary validation assessment of ChatGPT-4o's performance in the workup of fever in returning travelers.

Collagen turnover during cervical remodeling involves both intracellular and extracellular collagen degradation pathways.

Reproductive success requires accurately timed remodeling of the cervix to orchestrate the maintenance of pregnancy, the process of labor, and birth. Prior work in mice established that a combination of continuous turnover of fibrillar collagen and reduced formation of collagen cross-links allows for the gradual increase in tissue compliance and delivery of the fetus during labor. However, the mechanism for continuous collagen degradation to ensure turnover during cervical remodeling is still unknown.

Gender and Racial Disparities in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Fellows: A Decade-Long Analysis.

Background: Despite increasing diversity among medical students, pediatric orthopaedic surgery remains underrepresented regarding gender and ethnic diversity. Previous studies highlight notable underrepresentation of women and minorities in orthopaedic subspecialty fellowships.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 2013 to 2023 on pediatric orthopaedic surgery fellows, collected through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Graduate Medical Education Consensus.

Multidimensional Resonance Controlled by Critical Size in Printed Binary Colloidal Crystals for High-Contrast Imaging.

Colloidal crystal engineering enables the precise construction of structures with remarkable properties. However, the flexible and synergistic regulation of multiple properties of colloidal crystals remains a significant challenge. Here, we inspire from Brazilian opals to self-assemble polymer nanoparticles in the gaps of a single-layer opal substrate to fabricate large-scale binary colloidal crystals (BCCs).

Incidence and predictors of weaning failure from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of weaning failure and in-hospital death after successful weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods And Results: Overall, 685 patients with CS treated with VA-ECMO from 23 tertiary care centres in 7 countries were analysed (median age 57 [interquartile range 49-66] years, 542 [79.1%] male, median lactate 7.

Aucubin Promotes BMSCs Proliferation and Differentiation of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients by Regulating Ferroptosis and BMP2 Signalling.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a chronic systemic bone metabolism disorder. Promotion in the patterns of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) differentiation towards osteoblasts contributes to alleviating osteoporosis. Aucubin, a natural compound isolated from the well-known herbal medicine Eucommia, was previously shown to possess various pharmacological effects.

Use of ChatGPT to Generate Informed Consent for Surgery in Urogynecology.

Importance: Use of the publicly available Large Language Model, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT 3.5; OpenAI, 2022), is growing in health care despite varying accuracies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT's responses to questions encompassing surgical informed consent in urogynecology.

Metabolically Stable Adenylation Inhibitors of Biotin Protein Ligase as Antibacterial Agents.

The antibacterial agent Bio-AMS is metabolized in vivo through hydrolysis of the central acyl-sulfamide linker leading to high clearance and release of a moderately cytotoxic metabolite . Herein, we disclose analogues designed to prevent the metabolism of the central acyl-sulfamide moiety through steric hindrance or attenuation of the acyl-sulfamide electrophilicity. was identified as a metabolically stable analogue with a single-digit nanomolar dissociation constant for biotin protein ligase (BPL) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against and ranging from 0.

Tear neuropeptides are associated with clinical symptoms and signs of dry eye patients.

Purpose: To evaluate levels of 3 tear-soluble neuropeptides in dry eye patients and to identify the correlations with clinical signs and symptoms.

Methods: A total of 16 dry eye patients and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Dry eye disease (DED) diagnosis was based on the 2017 Report of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS II).

Risk scoring system for evaluating pathological upstaging after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter study in Japan.

Objectives: Accurate preoperative staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is often difficult. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the preoperative factors associated with pathological upstaging in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy and to develop a risk-scoring system to assess pathological upstaging.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 386 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at Tottori University Hospital and affiliated hospitals between January 2015 and December 2021.

Effects of HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) deficiency on skeletal muscle development.

Pathogenic variants in HMGCR were recently linked to a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotype. The protein product HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) catalyzes a key component of the cholesterol synthesis pathway. The two other muscle diseases associated with HMGCR, statin-associated myopathy (SAM) and autoimmune anti-HMGCR myopathy, are not inherited in a Mendelian pattern.

Salpingectomy With Delayed Oophorectomy Versus Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 Carriers: Three-Year Outcomes of a Prospective Preference Trial.

Objective: To compare menopause-related quality of life (QoL) after risk-reducing salpingectomy (RRS) versus risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) until 3 years of post-surgery.

Design: A prospective study (TUBA study) with treatment allocation based on patients' preference. Data were collected pre-surgery and at 3 months, 1 and 3 years of post-surgery.

Thermally Triggered Double Emulsion-Integrated Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplexed Molecular Diagnostics.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been recognized as the most reliable diagnostic tool. However, there is a need to develop multiplexed assays capable of analyzing multiple genes simultaneously to expand its application. To address this, a multiplexed RT-qPCR using a double emulsion (DE)-based carrier and a polymer microparticle reactor, termed primer-incorporated network tailored with Taqman probe (TaqPIN) is developed.

Rise of the beta-lactams: a retrospective, comparative cohort of oral beta-lactam antibiotics as step-down therapy for hospitalized adults with acute pyelonephritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if oral beta-lactam therapy is non-inferior to alternative therapy at discharge following inpatient treatment with an IV cephalosporin for acute pyelonephritis.

Design: Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, multicenter, retrospective, non-inferiority cohort (15% non-inferiority margin).

Setting: Six hospitals within two healthcare systems.

Burden of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic in Flint, Michigan (MI), mortality trends over the 2-year period: impact of social and health inequities.

Background: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the mortality trends in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic in Flint, MI.

Methods: Records from 1,663 consecutive adult patients (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted and discharged from our facility from 03/2020 through 02/2022, were abstracted and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between study explanatory variables (ie, sex, age, co-morbidities, etc.

Cerebral fat embolism following autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction: A case report.

Background: Autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction is a common cosmetic surgery. Although cerebral fat embolism (CFE) as a complication is rare, it carries serious health risks.

Case Summary: We present a case of a 29-year-old female patient who developed acute CFE following facial fat filling surgery.

GX-188E DNA vaccine plus pembrolizumab in HPV 16- and/or 18-positive recurrent or advance cervical cancer: a phase 2 trial.

Background: In an interim analysis of this phase 2 trial, adding the GX-188E vaccine to pembrolizumab resulted in manageable toxicity with antitumor activities in patients with recurrent or advanced cervical cancer. Here, we report the final safety and efficacy results after a long-term follow-up at the study's completion.

Methods: This open-label, single-arm, phase II trial was conducted in nine hospitals in South Korea (ClinicalTrials.

Electronic health Literacy gaps among adults with diabetes in the United States: Role of socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Background: Digital health technologies hold promises for enhancing healthcare and self-management in diabetes. However, disparities in Electronic Health Literacy (EHL) exist among diabetes populations. This study investigates EHL trends and demographic differences among adults with diabetes in the United States from 2011 to 2018.

Recurrent glioblastoma in national guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas: A matter of European practice variation.

Introduction: The optimal treatment for recurrent glioblastoma patients remains not well-defined in international guidelines. On top of that, the availability of national guidelines is uncharted.

Research Question: This study aimed to investigate the availability of national guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult glioma throughout Europe, specifically focusing on recurrent glioblastoma.

Design and validation of cell-based potency assays for frataxin supplementation treatments.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the frataxin () gene. As FRDA is considered an FXN deficiency disorder, numerous therapeutic approaches in development or clinical trials aim to supplement FXN or restore endogenous expression. These include gene therapy, protein supplementation, genome editing or upregulation of transcription.