Outcomes of Combined Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice.

Background/aim: Atezolizumab, one of the anti-PD-L1 antibodies, targets PD-L1 expressed on cancer cells and antigen-presenting cells. This immune checkpoint inhibitor is now commonly used in combination with chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to confirm the treatment outcomes of combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors, with a particular focus on the impact of the site of metastasis in real-world clinical practice.

Joint Effusion at 3 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Its Risk Factors and Association With Subsequent Muscle Strength and Graft Remodeling.

Background: Joint effusion at 3 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a risk factor for ACL reinjury. However, factors associated with joint effusion at 3 months postoperatively and the effect of joint effusion on subsequent quadriceps muscle strength and graft remodeling remain unknown.

Purposes: To identify factors associated with joint effusion and investigate the association between joint effusion and quadriceps muscle strength and graft remodeling in the postoperative period.

Association of walking and activities of daily living with muscle thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles in children with down syndrome.

Purpose: We examined the association of walking and activities of daily living(ADL) with trunk and lower extremity muscle thickness in children with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: 27 children with DS participated in this study. Walking was assessed using measurements of the maximal walking speed and step length, while ADL was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of DisabilityInventory (PEDI).

Dilated common bile duct diameter as an indicator of bacteremia in patients with symptomatic common bile duct stones.

Background: The optimal timing and selection for blood culture collection in patients with acute cholangitis remains unclear. The relationship between common bile duct (CBD) diameter and the incidence of bacteremia in patients with CBD stones was elucidated.

Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included patients with symptomatic CBD stones who presented to the emergency department between January 2019 and December 2021.

Early Resolution of Abnormal Vascular Networks After Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery (STA-MCA) Bypass Surgery for Twig-Like Middle Cerebral Artery With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Case Report.

The twig-like middle cerebral artery (T-MCA) is a rare condition characterized by unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and abnormal vascular networks, resembling Moyamoya Disease (MMD). While some reports mention bypass surgery for T-MCA, akin to MMD, there is no established treatment method. Previous reports highlight the efficacy of revascularization procedures in preventing recurrent strokes in T-MCA patients, but there is limited data on its usefulness for cases with intracerebral hemorrhagic onset.

Traumatic Middle Meningeal Artery Aneurysm: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Acute Epidural Hematoma. A Case Report.

Traumatic middle meningeal artery aneurysm (TMMA) is a rare condition and a known cause of several different bleeding patterns after head injury. Once detected, they need to be treated as an emergency due to their potential for morbidity and mortality. Generally, recurrence does not occur in surgery for acute epidural hematoma if adequate hemostasis is achieved.

Male Sex Is an Associated Factor for Delayed Bone Union Following Hybrid Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

: Although hybrid closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an effective procedure for varus knee osteoarthritis, delayed bone union is a frequent occurrence. The rate of bone union and its associated factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the detailed process of bone union in hybrid closed-wedge HTO using computed tomography (CT) and to examine factors associated with delayed bone union.

Brainstem hemorrhage associated with venous hypertensive myelopathy without dural arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.

Background: Venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM), formerly known as "Foix-Alajouanine syndrome," is a spinal cord dysfunction caused by impaired perfusion of the spinal cord. Most cases are attributed to spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), but there are scattered reports of VHM without concomitant dAVF. Furthermore, no cases of VHM associated with intracranial hemorrhage exist.

Association between the development of intensive care unit-acquired weakness and body composition at intensive care unit admission: A descriptive study.

Purpose: To evaluate differences in body composition at intensive care unit (ICU) admission between patients with and without ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW).

Materials And Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted at Tsukuba Memorial Hospital's mixed ICU in Japan. We included patients who could walk unassisted before admission, received rehabilitation post-admission, and survived for at least 48 h.

Isolated choroid plexus infarction caused by multiple occlusive cerebrovascular lesions.

The choroid plexus is the secretory tissue responsible for cerebrospinal fluid production in the brain. Ischemia of the choroid plexus is rare because of its abundant blood supply from multiple arterial systems, including the anterior and posterior choroidal arterial anastomoses. It is not clear under what circumstances isolated choroid plexus infarction occurs.

Spontaneous asymptomatic common carotid artery dissection resembling a carotid web: illustrative case.

Background: Carotid artery dissection is a common cause of ischemic stroke, predominantly affecting the internal carotid artery, with rare involvement of the common carotid artery (CCA). The limited literature makes diagnosis and management challenging, particularly in asymptomatic patients. In this report, the authors present a unique case of spontaneous, asymptomatic CCA dissection that resembled a carotid web, shedding light on its clinical spectrum and management.

Symptomatic Cerebellar Cyst Formation after Foramen Magnum Meningioma Removal: A Case Report.

 Symptomatic cerebellar cyst formation after surgery is rare and the mechanism remains unknown. We describe a cerebellar cyst that gradually expanded, becoming symptomatic, after the removal of a foramen magnum meningioma and discuss the mechanism of cyst formation.  A 76-year-old woman with a tumor at the foramen magnum was treated by posterior fossa craniotomy and C1 hemilaminectomy.

Comparison of machine-learning and logistic regression models for prediction of 30-day unplanned readmission in electronic health records: A development and validation study.

It is expected but unknown whether machine-learning models can outperform regression models, such as a logistic regression (LR) model, especially when the number and types of predictor variables increase in electronic health records (EHRs). We aimed to compare the predictive performance of gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), deep neural network (DNN), and LR with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LR-LASSO) for unplanned readmission. We used EHRs of patients discharged alive from 38 hospitals in 2015-2017 for derivation and in 2018 for validation, including basic characteristics, diagnosis, surgery, procedure, and drug codes, and blood-test results.

Association between whole blood ratio and risk of mortality in massively transfused trauma patients: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although whole blood (WB) transfusion was reported to improve survival in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock, little is known whether a higher proportion of WB is associated with an improved survival. This study aimed to evaluate the association between whole blood ratio (WBR) and the risk of mortality in trauma patients requiring massive blood transfusion.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study from the ACS-TQIP between 2020 and 2021.

Enlarging neurenteric cyst at the craniocervical junction with a fluid-fluid level on magnetic resonance imaging: illustrative case.

Background: Neurenteric cysts are relatively rare benign congenital intracranial cystic lesions that enlarge rarely and very slowly. The authors present a case of an enlarging neurenteric cyst at the craniocervical junction with a fluid-fluid level on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Observations: A 34-year-old man with no significant medical history underwent head MRI to investigate mild headaches.

Investigation of age and smoking in NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.

Introduction: In addition to the two common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, there are many uncommon mutations. Due to the high number of uncommon types, as well as the rarity of patients, there is lack of information regarding patient demographics, especially age distribution and smoking status. Against this background, we conducted an analysis to clarify the background of patients with uncommon EGFR mutations, especially considering their age distribution and smoking status.

[Ulcerative colitis diagnosed with facial pyoderma gangrenosum: a case report].

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a sterile inflammatory skin condition that is frequently associated with immune-related diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PG causes noninfectious ulcers. Facial PG is uncommon while PG usually occurs on the trunk and lower limbs.

Patient Age and -positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: The median age of subjects in many clinical trials of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor conducted to date has been approximately 60 years. However, it is not uncommon to encounter EGFR gene-positive patients in their 70s or 80s. Based on information obtained from these clinical trials, EGFR gene-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are considered to be younger than EGFR-negative patients.