Migrasome formation is initiated preferentially in tubular junctions by membrane tension.

Migrasomes, the vesicle-like membrane micro-structures, arise on the retraction fibers (RFs), the branched nano-tubules pulled out of cell plasma membranes during cell migration and shaped by membrane tension. Migrasomes form in two steps: a local RF bulging is followed by a protein-dependent stabilization of the emerging spherical bulge. Here we addressed theoretically and experimentally the previously unexplored mechanism of bulging of membrane tubular systems.

GPI transamidase complex is required for primordial germ cell migration and development in zebrafish.

Proteins without transmembrane domains could be anchored to the cell surface for regulating various biological processes when covalently linked to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecules by the GPI transamidase (GPIT) complex. However, it remains poorly understood whether and how the GPIT complex affects primordial germ cell (PGC) development. In this study, we report the important roles of GPI transamidase in PGC migration and development in zebrafish embryos.

Procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotic in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyse the effect and safety of procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial amongst patients hospitalized for AECOPD in six hospitals in China. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either the PCT-guided group or the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy-guided group.

A symbiotic mosquito-gut bacterium for flavivirus control.

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as major global public health challenges, causing numerous infections and fatalities each year. However, current measures, including vaccines and treatments, are often limited or ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for novel preventive strategies to control the spread of key mosquito-borne viruses like DENV and ZIKV.

Inhalable nanocatalytic therapeutics for viral pneumonia.

Pneumonia is a ubiquitous disease caused by viral and bacterial infections, characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species in inflamed areas. Therapeutic strategies targeting reactive oxygen species levels in pneumonia have limited success due to the intricate nature of lung tissues and lung inflammatory responses. Here we describe an inhalable, non-invasive therapeutic platform composed of engineered cerium-based tannic acid nanozymes bound to a self-assembling peptide.

Znf706 regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell development in zebrafish.

The cell fate of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish is pre-determined by maternally deposited germ plasm, which is packaged into ribonucleoprotein complex in oocytes and inherited into PGCs-fated cells in embryos. However, the maternal factors regulating the assembly of germ plasm and PGC development remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that the maternal transcription factor Znf706 regulates the assembly of germ plasm factors into a granule-like structure localized perinuclearly in PGCs during migration.

JMJD1C forms condensates to facilitate a RUNX1-dependent gene expression program shared by multiple types of AML cells.

JMJD1C, a member of the lysine demethylase 3 (KDM3) family, is universally required for the survival of several types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with different genetic mutations, representing a therapeutic opportunity with broad application. Yet how JMJD1C regulates the leukemic programs of various AML cells is largely unexplored. Here we show that JMJD1C interacts with the master hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1, which thereby recruits JMJD1C to the genome to facilitate a RUNX1-driven transcriptional program that supports leukemic cell survival.

Disruption of mgrB gene by ISkpn14 sourced from a bla carrying plasmid mediating polymyxin resistance against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae during treatment: study on the underlying mechanisms.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections poses global challenges, with limited options available for targeted therapy. Polymyxin was been regarded as one of the most important last-resort antimicrobial agents. Many factors could accelerate the resistance evolution of polymyxin.

An accumulated mutation gained in mosquito cells enhances Zika virus virulence and fitness in mice.

Unlabelled: Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a significant public health threat worldwide. A number of adaptive mutations have accumulated within the genome of ZIKV during global transmission, some of which have been linked to specific phenotypes. ZIKV maintains an alternating cycle of replication between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the role of mosquito-specific adaptive mutations in ZIKV has not been well investigated.

Insights into mosquito-borne arbovirus receptors.

The increasing global prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses has emerged as a significant threat to human health and life. Identifying receptors for these viruses is crucial for improving our knowledge of viral pathogenesis and developing effective antiviral strategies. The widespread application of CRISPR-Cas9 screening have led to the discovery of many mosquito-borne virus receptors.

Coronavirus envelope protein activates TMED10-mediated unconventional secretion of inflammatory factors.

The precise cellular mechanisms underlying heightened proinflammatory cytokine production during coronavirus infection remain incompletely understood. Here we identify the envelope (E) protein in severe coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, or MERS) as a potent inducer of interleukin-1 release, intensifying lung inflammation through the activation of TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion (UcPS). In contrast, the E protein of mild coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, or OC43) demonstrates a less pronounced effect.

Functional evaluation of TMEM176B and its predictive role for severe respiratory viral infection through integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.

Transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B), localized mainly on the endosomal membrane, has been reported as an immune regulatory factor in malignant diseases. However, the biological function of this molecule remains undetermined during respiratory viral infections. To investigate the functions and prognostic value of this gene, six gene sets were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for research.

Gapped and Rotated Grain Boundary Revealed in Ultra-Small Au Nanoparticles for Enhancing Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Although gapped grain boundaries have often been observed in bulk and nanosized materials, and their crucial roles in some physical and chemical processes have been confirmed, their acquisition at ultrasmall nanoscale presents a significant challenge. To date, they had not been reported in metal nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm owing to the difficulty in characterization and the high instability of grain boundary (GB) atoms. Herein, we have successfully developed a synthesis method for producing a novel chiral nanocluster Au(TBBT) (TBBT=4-tert-butylphenylthiolate) with a 26-atom gapped and rotated GB.

An RdDM-independent function of Pol V transcripts in gene regulation and plant defence.

RNA polymerase V (Pol V) and Pol IV are known to be specialized for RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Here we report that Pol V, but not Pol IV, regulates hundreds of genes including jasmonic acid-responsive genes and confers plant defence to Botrytis cinerea and Spodoptera exigua. About half of the Pol V-regulated genes are associated with Pol V transcripts (PVTs).

Two outbreaks and sporadic occurrences of Candida auris from one hospital in China: an epidemiological, genomic retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical relevance, origin, transmission, and resistance of Candida auris (C. auris) isolates from two outbreaks and sporadic occurrences from one hospital in China.

Methods: A total of 135 C.

Research progress on the use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts, known for their diverse biological activities, often have remarkable efficacy in treating pulmonary diseases overlooked due to their specific cardiovascular actions. With the recent outbreak of COVID-19, research into pulmonary-related diseases has garnered significant attention. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts can be broadly categorized into lipophilic and hydrophilic components; however, a comprehensive summary of their mechanisms in treating pulmonary diseases is lacking.

An increased prevalence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a common community-acquired and nosocomial pathogen. Carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent (CR-hvKp) variants can emerge rapidly within healthcare facilities and impacted by other infectious agents such as COVID-19 virus.

Methods: To understand the impact of COVID-19 virus on the prevalence of CR-hvKp, we accessed Kp genomes with corresponding metadata from GenBank.

Molecular basis for the activation of human spliceosome.

The spliceosome executes pre-mRNA splicing through four sequential stages: assembly, activation, catalysis, and disassembly. Activation of the spliceosome, namely remodeling of the pre-catalytic spliceosome (B complex) into the activated spliceosome (B complex) and the catalytically activated spliceosome (B complex), involves major flux of protein components and structural rearrangements. Relying on a splicing inhibitor, we have captured six intermediate states between the B and B complexes: pre-B, B-I, B-II, B-III, B-IV, and post-B.