High cellular plasticity state of medulloblastoma local recurrence and distant dissemination.

Medulloblastoma (MB), a heterogeneous pediatric brain tumor, poses challenges in the treatment of tumor recurrence and dissemination. To characterize cellular diversity and genetic features, we comprehensively analyzed single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq), single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq), and spatial transcriptomics profiles and identified distinct cellular populations in SHH (sonic hedgehog) and Group_3 subgroups, with varying proportions in local recurrence or dissemination. Local recurrence showed higher cycling tumor cell enrichment, whereas disseminated lesions had a relatively notable presence of differentiated subsets.

Spin effects in regulating the adsorption characteristics of metal ions.

Understanding the adsorption behavior of intermediates at interfaces is crucial for various heterogeneous systems, but less attention has been paid to metal species. This study investigates the manipulation of Co spin states in ZnCoO spinel oxides and establishes their impact on metal ion adsorption. Using electrochemical sensing as a metric, we reveal a quasi-linear relationship between the adsorption affinity of metal ions and the high-spin state fraction of Co sites.

Chemical modulation and defect engineering in high-performance GeTe-based thermoelectrics.

Thermoelectric technology plays an important role in developing sustainable clean energy and reducing carbon emissions, offering new opportunities to alleviate current energy and environmental crises. Nowadays, GeTe has emerged as a highly promising thermoelectric candidate for mid-temperature applications, due to its remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit () of 2.7.

Switchable modes of azulene-based single molecule-electrode coupling controlled by interfacial charge distribution.

Molecule-electrode interactions are critical for determining transport mechanisms and device functionalities in both single-molecule electrochemistry and electronics. Crucial factors such as anchoring groups and local fields have been studied, but the role of electrolytes and interfacial charge distribution remains largely underexplored. The present research focuses on how the interfacial charge distribution in the electric double layer (EDL) controls single-molecule junctions anchored by azulene.

[General expert consensus on application of network pharmacology in research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs].

The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs has gradually formed a new system based on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine theory, human experience, and clinical trials(referred to as the "three combinations"). However, given the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine's "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and "diverse components and complex mechanisms", there are still problems in the current research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs, such as insufficient research on the material basis and overall mechanism of action, and incomplete evidence chain system. At the same time, there are still many challenges in collecting human experience, evaluating clinical efficacy, and controlling the quality of active ingredients, which restrict the innovation process of research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.

Study of the zeolite-catalyzed isomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene.

Isomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) to 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) is a crucial step in the production of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN), which is an important raw material for polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Herein, the isomerization of 1-MN was systemically investigated over beta zeolite. Firstly, reaction conditions were systemically optimized, by which enhanced catalytic performance was obtained.

Pd/NHC sequentially catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of planar-chiral macrocycles.

Planar-chiral macrocycles play a pivotal role in host-guest chemistry and drug discovery. However, compared with the synthesis of other types of chiral compounds, the asymmetric construction of planar-chiral macrocycles still remains a forbidding challenge. Herein, we report a sequential palladium and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis to build planar-chiral macrocycles.

Durable fluorinated cobalt oxyhydroxide/calcium alginate hydrogels for activating peroxymonosulfate to enable nearly 100% degradation of ciprofloxacin.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by solid catalysts for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal is a promising method for decontaminating wastewater. However, mainstream catalysts suffer from efficiency and durability issues due to mechanical fragility and structural instability. Here, we have developed a durable calcium alginate hydrogel encapsulating fluorinated cobalt oxyhydroxide (FCO/CAH), fabricated by a simple hydrogen-bond-assisted cross-linking reaction, to enhance PMS activation for complete CIP removal.

Advancing digital health in China: Aligning challenges, opportunities, and solutions with the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH).

We summarized the unique challenges that China faced in digital health due to its large population, regional disparities, and uneven distribution of medical resources. Under the guidance of the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) released by WHO, we proposed corresponding solutions that address infrastructure, data, terminology, technology and security.

Structural Rigidification Strategy Based on Self-Assembly Enabled Reversible Excited-State Conversion of Iridium(III) Complexes for Multiple-Stimulus-Responsive Data Encryption.

Stimulus-responsive chromic materials exhibit color-switching properties under specific external stimuli and have been widely used in various fields. Transition-metal complexes show great potential applications as promising candidates for stimulus-responsive chromic materials, as their excited states not only depend on the chemical composition but are also affected by the intermolecular stacking modes. Owing to the intrinsic difficulty in the ordered stacking of the octahedral configuration, changing the stacking modes of iridium(III) complexes for multiple-stimulus responsiveness remains a significant challenge.

DC-derived whole cell cytokine nano-regulator for remodelling extracellular matrix and synergizing tumor immunotherapy.

A smart dendritic cell (DC)-derived whole cell cytokine (DWC) nano-regulator of TCPs was developed for tumor cytokine-immunotherapy. The DWCs were purified from activated DC-cultured media and applied as a nano-dosage form. It was found that TCPs could remodel extracellular matrices the elimination of fibronectin and type I collagen (Col-I) in tumor tissues, as well as the inhibition of α-SMA expression in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

[Mechanism of Huangqi Simiao Decoction in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology and metabonomics].

This article analyzed the mechanism of Huangqi Simiao Decoction(HSD) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The component targets of HSD and the related disease targets of T2DM were screened through network pharmacology. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of intersecting targets and the drug-component-intersecting target network were constructed to screen the potential active ingredients and targets.

Controlled synthesis, properties, and applications of ultralong carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are typical one-dimensional nanomaterials which have been widely studied for more than three decades since 1991 because of their excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. Among various types of CNTs, the ultralong CNTs which have lengths over centimeters and defect-free structures exhibit superior advantages for fabricating superstrong CNT fibers, CNT-based chips, transparent conductive films, and high-performance cables. The length, orientation, alignment, defects, cleanliness, and other microscopic characteristics of CNTs have significant impacts on their fundamental physical properties.

Unlocking comprehensive molecular design across all scenarios with large language model and unordered chemical language.

Molecular generation stands at the forefront of AI-driven technologies, playing a crucial role in accelerating the development of small molecule drugs. The intricate nature of practical drug discovery necessitates the development of a versatile molecular generation framework that can tackle diverse drug design challenges. However, existing methodologies often struggle to encompass all aspects of small molecule drug design, particularly those rooted in language models, especially in tasks like linker design, due to the autoregressive nature of large language model-based approaches.

First-principles study of electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of KMCuS (M = Th and Sm) quaternary chalcogenides.

Copper-based quaternary chalcogenides are considered as intriguing material systems in terms of their remarkable optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties. Here we investigated the light interaction and electronic transport properties of novel KMCuS (M = Th, Sm) materials. Advanced computations based on density functional theory were used for these calculations.

C-H functionalization of 2-alkyl tryptamines: direct assembly of azepino[4,5-]indoles and total synthesis of ngouniensines.

The Pictet-Spengler type condensation of tryptamine derivatives and aldehydes or ketones is a classic reaction, and has been previously applied to assemble indole-annulated 5-, 6- and 8-membered heterocyclic rings. In this work, we further expand the synthetic scope of this reaction to the 7-membered azepino[4,5-]indole skeleton through the direct C-H functionalization of 2-alkyl tryptamines, in which the non-activated methylene group participates in a 7-membered ring formation with aldehydes. By combining this unprecedented ring-forming process with a second C-H olefination at the same carbon, the concise total synthesis of natural products ngouniensines is achieved, demonstrating the synthetic potential of the developed chemistry in simplifying retrosynthetic disconnections.

Dynamically blocking leakage current in molecular tunneling junctions.

Molecular tunneling junctions based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have demonstrated rectifying characteristics at the nanoscale that can hardly be achieved using traditional approaches. However, defects in SAMs result in high leakage when applying bias. The poor performance of molecular diodes compared to silicon or thin-film devices limits their further development.

4f-Orbital mixing increases the magnetic susceptibility of Cp'Eu.

Traditional models of lanthanide electronic structure suggest that bonding is predominantly ionic, and that covalent orbital mixing is not an important factor in determining magnetic properties. Here, 4f orbital mixing and its impact on the magnetic susceptibility of Cp'Eu (Cp' = CHSiMe) was analyzed experimentally using magnetometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) methods at the C K-, Eu M-, and L-edges. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-calculated C K-edge XAS spectra provided unequivocal evidence of C 2p and Eu 4f orbital mixing in the π-antibonding orbital of a' symmetry.

Inherently chiral nor-heteracalixarenes: design and synthesis enantioselective intramolecular Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.

There has been a recent upsurge in research aimed at synthesizing inherently chiral molecules devoid of point, axial, planar and helical chiralities. We present herein our design and enantioselective synthesis of a series of inherently chiral macrocycles. These compounds, termed nor-heteracalixaromatics, feature a biaryl bond that replaces one of the aryl-heteroatom-aryl linkages found in classic heteracalix[4]aromatics.

Impact of lower limb alignment abnormality (physiologic knee valgus) on the functional recovery outcome of athletes with meniscal injuries.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of lower limb alignment abnormalities, specifically physiological knee valgus, on the functional recovery outcomes of athletes with meniscal injuries. It also examined the factors influencing these abnormalities to provide scientific evidence for treatment and rehabilitation of related sports injuries.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 118 athletes from Guizhou Normal University, who were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of lower limb alignment abnormalities.

[Effect of total saponins from Panacis Majoris Rhizoma on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells].

This paper investigated the effect of total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. The saponin content was detected by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Cell coun-ting kit-8(CCK-8) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of total saponins of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma on cell viability, morphology, cell cycle and apoptosis of HeLa cells.

Natural triterpenoid-aided identification of the druggable interface of HMGB1 occupied by TLR4.

HMGB1 interacts with TLR4 to activate the inflammatory cascade response, contributing to the pathogenesis of endogenous tissue damage and infection. The immense importance of HMGB1-TLR4 interaction in the immune system has made its binding interface an area of significant interest. To map the binding interface of HMGB1 occupied by TLR4, triterpenoids that disrupt the HMGB1-TLR4 interaction and interfere with HMGB1-induced inflammation were developed.

Divergent catalytic behaviors of assembled organogold(i) clusters derived from enyne cyclization.

Homogeneous gold catalysis has attracted much recent attention due to diverse activation modes of gold(i) towards unsaturated organic groups. Because of attractive aurophilic interaction, structural transformations of metalated species into high nuclear clusters are often proposed in gold catalysis, while to date little is known about their assembly behaviors and catalytic activity. In this work, based on stoichiometric Au(i)-mediated enyne cyclization reactions, we achieve a discrete vicinal dicarbanion-centered Au intermediate and three assembled Au, Au, and Au clusters held together by several aryl dicarbanions.

Increasing Profitability of Ethanol Photoreforming by Simultaneous Production of H and Acetal.

Often, H is produced photocatalytically at the expense of sacrificial agents. When a sacrificial agent is selectively oxidized, this allows coupling of H production with synthesis of value-added organic compounds. Herein, it is argued that the conversion of bioethanol into 1,1-diethoxyethane with simultaneous H production increases the economic viability of photocatalysis and suggests a semiconductor material that is the most relevant for this purpose.