Generalized pustular psoriasis: immunological mechanisms, genetics, and emerging therapeutics.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare human autoinflammatory disorder with life-threatening systemic effects. Keratinocyte-derived interleukin (IL)-36 signaling has been identified as a key mediator of immune response in the skin of affected individuals. Recognition of various mutations along the IL-36 axis and the downstream nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) signaling have established GPP as genetically, immunologically, and histopathologically distinct and amenable to immunomodulation, which is epitomized by the recent success of IL-36 antagonism.

Ginsenoside Ro prevents endothelial injury via promoting Epac1/AMPK- mediated mitochondria protection in early diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a blinding complication of microangiopathy. First-line therapeutic drugs are all focused on late-stage DR and have several side effects, which could not meet clinical needs. The plant-derived ginsenoside Ro (Ro) has a variety of effective anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and cardiovascular protective effects, but its microvascular protective effects are rarely studied.

Discovery of a novel CDK4/6 and HDAC dual-targeting agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The down-regulation of p21 after long-term CDK4/6 inhibition represents a key mechanism causing resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in some tumor cells, while the HDAC inhibitor could upregulate the level of p21. Herein, a series of novel CDK4/6 and HDAC dual-targeting inhibitors based on the moiety of palbociclib were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound N14 potently inhibited CDK4/6 and HDAC1/6 at nanomolar levels and induced cell apoptosis and G/G phase arrest through HDAC-p21-CDK signaling pathway in HuH-7 cell line.

Enhancing consistency and mitigating bias: A data replay approach for incremental learning.

Deep learning systems are prone to catastrophic forgetting when learning from a sequence of tasks, as old data from previous tasks is unavailable when learning a new task. To address this, some methods propose replaying data from previous tasks during new task learning, typically using extra memory to store replay data. However, it is not expected in practice due to memory constraints and data privacy issues.

Impact of adaptation time on lincomycin removal in riverbank filtration: A long-term sand column study.

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is an effective pretreatment technology for drinking water, removing organic micropollutants (OMPs) mainly through biodegradation. Despite documented improvements in OMP removal with extended adaptation time, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study assessed the removal of 128 OMPs over 82 d in a simulated RBF system, identified those with improved removal, and analyzed their properties.

Dye Molecule-Induced Optoelectronic Synaptic Behaviors of Monolayer MoSe.

Although MoSe-based photodetectors have achieved excellent performance, the ultrafast photoresponse has limited their application as an optoelectronic synapse. In this paper, the enhancement of the rhodamine 6G molecule on the memory time of MoSe is reported. It is found that the memory time of monolayer MoSe can be obviously enhanced after assembly with rhodamine 6G exhibiting synaptic characteristics in comparison to pristine MoSe.

Action Potential Firing Patterns Regulate Dopamine Release via Voltage-Sensitive Dopamine D2 Autoreceptors in Mouse Striatum In Vivo.

Dopamine (DA) in the striatum is vital for motor and cognitive behaviors. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate both tonic and phasic action potential (AP) firing patterns in behavior mice. Besides AP numbers, whether and how different AP firing patterns per se modulate DA release remain largely unknown.

SAM-dPCR: Accurate and Generalist Nuclei Acid Quantification Leveraging the Zero-Shot Segment Anything Model.

Digital PCR (dPCR) has transformed nucleic acid diagnostics by enabling the absolute quantification of rare mutations and target sequences. However, traditional dPCR detection methods, such as those involving flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging, may face challenges due to high costs, complexity, limited accuracy, and slow processing speeds. In this study, SAM-dPCR is introduced, a training-free open-source bioanalysis paradigm that offers swift and precise absolute quantification of biological samples.

The impact of transient air pollution exposure on worker performance in Chinese soccer players.

Using a unique dataset on the performance of soccer players in China (retrieved from 632 matches involving 24 teams during the 2014 to 2016 seasons), we investigate the effect of air pollution on different performance indicators that rely on different mixtures of the physical and cognitive inputs of players. To ensure a causal interpretation, we implement an instrumental variable (IV) approach using thermal inversion as the instrument for air pollution. We found that players' performance indicators, especially those more related to cognitive factors, are more strongly influenced by air pollution.

A dataset of income distribution on provincial, urban, and rural levels for China from 2020 to 2100.

Projections of future income distributions at subnational levels are becoming increasingly important for a variety of analyses and evaluations. However, relevant datasets are currently limited. This study presents a methodological framework that introduces machine learning algorithms to a top-down approach used for generating income distribution datasets.

The effect of a new thinking guidance of OPACCUS for shock on the 30-day mortality: A multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether our new thinking guidance named OPACCUS (oxygen metabolism, perfusion, arterial tension, cardiac output, systemic congestion, unregulated host response and search for inciting illness event) with 7 questions you need to ask before shock therapy and evidences provided by critical ultrasound considering hemodynamics, the unregulated host response and inciting illness event would improve mortality in shock patients.

Design: A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: Intensive care units of 20 hospitals in Southwest China.

A faulty simulation model guided Ramanujan Digital twin architecture for rotating machine health monitoring.

The conventional widely-used health monitoring methods for rotating machines have shortcomings such as the reliance on the selection of the preset parameters. Also, the strong noise interference caused by factors such as transmission path hinders the practical application of many fault feature extraction methods. To overcome these gaps, the digital twin notion is introduced and a new digital twin architecture called the Ramanujan Digital Twin (RDT) is designed.

Contaminant-degrading bacteria are super carriers of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal landfills: A metagenomics-based study.

Municipal landfills are hotspot sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and are also important habitats of contaminant-degrading bacteria. However, high diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfills hinders assessing AMR risks in the affected environment. More concerned, whether there is co-selection or enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and contaminant-degrading bacteria in these extremely polluted environments is far less understood.

Reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene at concentrations approaching saturation by a Desulfitobacterium-containing community.

In dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminant source zones, aqueous concentrations of trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater may approach saturation levels (8.4 mM). It is generally believed that such saturation concentrations are toxic to organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB), thus limiting the effectiveness of bioremediation.

Standard: Human gastric cancer organoids.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis. The use of organoids to simulate gastric cancer has rapidly developed over the past several years. Patient-derived gastric cancer organoids serve as in vitro models that closely mimics donor characteristics, offering new opportunities for both basic and applied research.

Surface Microstructure Enhanced Cryogenic Infrared Light Emitting Diodes for Semiconductor Broadband Upconversion.

Broadband upconversion has various applications in solar photovoltaic, infrared and terahertz detection imaging, and biomedicine. The low efficiency of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) limits the broadband upconversion performance. In this paper, we propose to use surface microstructures to enhance the electroluminescence efficiency (ELE) of LEDs.

Hf Doping Boosts the Excellent Activity and Durability of Fe-N-C Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Li-O Batteries.

Developing highly active and durable non-noble metal catalysts is crucial for energy conversion and storage, especially for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and lithium-oxygen (Li-O) batteries. Non-noble metal catalysts are considered the greatest potential candidates to replace noble metal catalysts in PEMFCs and Li-O batteries. Herein, we propose a novel type of non-noble metal catalyst (Fe-Hf/N/C) doped with Hf into a mesoporous carbon material derived from Hf-ZIF-8 and co-doping with Fe and N, which greatly enhanced the activity and durability of the catalyst.

An MSRE-Assisted Glycerol-Enhanced RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Method for Methylation Detection.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with high prevalence in southern China. Aberrant DNA methylation, as a hallmark of cancer, is extensively present in NPC, the detection of which facilitates early diagnosis and prognostic improvement of NPC. Conventional methylation detection methods relying on bisulfite conversion have limitations such as time-consuming, complex processes and sample degradation; thus, a more rapid and efficient method is needed.

A novel proceduralized donor liver back-table preparation technique minimizes hemorrhage following liver implantation in orthotropic liver transplantation.

Background: Intraoperative hemorrhage is one of the major complications of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is mainly caused by technical difficulties of the surgical procedure besides primary liver diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical effects of a novel proceduralized donor liver back-table preparation (DLBTP) technique for use in OLT.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2020 based on patients who had undergone OLT.

The impact of sleep disorders on brain network connectivity in postpartum women: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based study.

Sleep disorder is an important risk factor for postpartum depression. Although previous research has explored brain activity in postpartum depression, it has not fully revealed how insomnia affect mood by altering interactions between brain regions. This study aim to investigate the relationship between insomnia and depressive status in postpartum women, utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore brain network topological properties.

BN-Acene Ladder with Enhanced Charge Transport for Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

The in-depth research on the charge transport properties of BN-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAHs) still lags far behind studies of their emitting properties. Herein, we report the successfully synthesis of novel ladder-type BN-PAHs (BCNL1 and BCNL2) featuring a highly ordered BC3N2 acene unit, achieved via a nitrogen-directed tandem C-H borylation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously revealed their unique and compact herringbone packing structures.

A Systematic Approach to Optimizing Regional Industrial Networks for High Eco-Efficiency Transformation.

Industrial networks have become intricately interwoven, utilizing material resources to meet humanity's needs. Recently, sustainable technologies have been pursued to enhance industrial efficiency and reduce environmental and resource impacts. However, current research lacks a comprehensive methodology and typical cases for constructing efficient resource-based industrial networks.

Association of Occupational Noise Exposure and Extended High-Frequency Hearing Loss in Young Workers With Normal Hearing.

Objectives: Studies on the relationship between occupational noise exposure and extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing loss are limited. This study investigated the relationship between occupational noise exposure and EHF hearing loss in workers exposed to noise as measured by sound pressure level, exposure duration, and kurtosis to help provide a basis for early detection and prevention of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 602 participants with 472 noise-exposed workers and 130 non-noise-exposed controls.