Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and plasma protein binding of tolfenamic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Background: Although research on the mechanism and control of pain and inflammation in fish has increased in recent years, the use of analgesic drugs is limited due to the lack of pharmacological information about analgesic drugs. Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and can be used in fish due to its low side effect profile and superior pharmacokinetic properties.

Objectives: The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and plasma protein binding of tolfenamic acid were investigated following single intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral administration of 2 mg/kg in rainbow trout at 13 ± 0.

MK-0608 inhibits in vitro and in vivo RNA replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an important pathogen that is threatening the worldwide salmon and trout industry. But there is no therapeutic drug available for now. In this study, we demonstrate that MK-0608 is highly efficient against IPNV and low cytotoxic, with a 50 % effective concentration (EC) of 0.

Identification and characterization of circular RNAs in the skin of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an economically significant freshwater-farmed fish worldwide, and the frequent outbreaks of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in recent years have gravely compromised the healthy growth of the rainbow trout aquaculture industry. Fish skin is an essential immune barrier against the invasion of external pathogens, but it is poorly known about the role of circRNAs in rainbow trout skin. Therefore, we examined the expression profiles of circRNAs in rainbow trout skin following IHNV infection using RNA-seq.

Preparation and evaluation of microencapsulated delivery system of recombinant interferon alpha protein from rainbow trout.

Diseases caused by viruses pose a significant risk to the health of aquatic animals, for which there are presently no efficacious remedies. Interferon (IFN) serving as an antiviral agent, is frequently employed in clinical settings. Due to the unique living conditions of aquatic animals, traditional injection of interferon is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Intermittent swimming and muscle power output in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis.

Slow and sustainable intermittent swimming has recently been described in several Centrarchid fishes, such as bluegill and largemouth bass. This swimming behavior involves short periods of body-caudal fin undulation alternating with variable periods of coasting. This aerobic muscle powered swimming appears to reduce energetic costs for slow, sustainable swimming, with fish employing a "fixed-gear" or constant tailbeat frequency and modulating swimming speed by altering the length of the coasting period.

Local variation in stress response of juvenile anadromous brown trout, .

Habitat fragmentation may cut off anadromous salmonids from parts of their potential native habitat and separate previously connected populations. Understanding the consequences of this is vital for fish management and prioritization of restoration activities. Here, we show that there is a significant difference in the body morphology, physiological stress response, and aspects contributing to aerobic capacity between juvenile anadromous brown trout, , collected at a downstream site and an upstream site, separated by 2 km and several challenging stream sections, in a small unfragmented stream system in western Sweden.

Evolution of an Extended Pathogenicity Motif in VP2 of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Isolates from Farmed Rainbow Trout in Turkey.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes economic losses with a highly variable mortality rate worldwide, especially in rainbow trout. The virus has a double-stranded bi-partite RNA genome designated segment A and B. New complete genome sequences of nine rainbow trout isolates from Turkey were determined and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, identifying all as genotype 5 (serotype Sp).

In Search of a Target Gene for a Desirable Phenotype in Aquaculture: Genome Editing of Cyprinidae and Salmonidae Species.

Aquaculture supplies the world food market with a significant amount of valuable protein. Highly productive aquaculture fishes can be derived by utilizing genome-editing methods, and the main problem is to choose a target gene to obtain the desirable phenotype. This paper presents a review of the studies of genome editing for genes controlling body development, growth, pigmentation and sex determination in five key aquaculture Salmonidae and Cyprinidae species, such as rainbow trout (), Atlantic salmon (), common carp (), goldfish (), Gibel carp () and the model fish zebrafish ().

Discrimination and hypertension among a diverse sample of racial and sexual minority men living with HIV: baseline findings of a longitudinal cohort study.

Racial and sexual orientation discrimination may exacerbate the double epidemic of hypertension (HTN) and HIV that affects men of color who have sex with men (MSM). This was a cross-sectional analysis of African American, Asian American, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander (NHPI) MSM living with HIV (PLWH) cohort in Honolulu and Philadelphia. Racial and sexual orientation discrimination, stress, anxiety, and depression were measured with computer-assisted self-interview questionnaires (CASI).

Magnetic resonance imaging T1 mapping of the liver, pancreas and spleen in children.

Purpose: To characterize T1 relaxation times of the pancreas, liver, and spleen in children with and without abdominal pathology.

Methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients (< 18-years-old). T1 mapping was performed with a Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery sequence.

Far from Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation on How 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins.

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.

Transcript level of telomerase reverse-transcriptase (TERT) gene in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs with different developmental competence for gynogenesis.

Expression of the telomerase reverse-transcriptase (TERT) gene and activity of telomerase have been reported in the somatic tissues and gonads in fish irrespective of their age and size. Nevertheless, little is known about TERT expression in the fish eggs. In the current study, the presence of the TERT transcripts was confirmed in the rainbow trout ovulated eggs before and after activation with nonirradiated and UV-irradiated (gynogenesis) sperm.

Quality Assessment of Fish Oil Obtained after Enzymatic Hydrolysis of a Mixture of Rainbow Trout ( and Atlantic Salmon () Rest Raw Material Pretreated by High Pressure.

Utilization of fish rest raw material for fish oil extraction has received interest with the increasing demand for sustainable food sources. Enzymatic hydrolysis is an efficient method for the extraction of value-added compounds, but its effectiveness may be enhanced by high-pressure processing (HPP). However, HPP can induce lipid oxidation, affecting the quality of the oil.

Immunostimulatory effects of dietary verjuice (Vitis vinifera) on immune response and transcription of immune-related genes in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss).

The development of green aquaculture practices has led to the supplementation of fish diets with natural immunostimulants such as organic acids. This study aimed to assess the dietary effects of verjuice (VJ; unfermented unripe grapes; Vitis vinifera) on hematological parameters, skin mucosal immunity, transcriptional immune responses, and antibacterial serum activity against Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout. The fish (51.

Characterization and performance evaluation of colorimetric pH-sensitive indicator based on Ҡ-carrageenan/quince seed mucilage hydrogel as freshness/spoilage monitoring of rainbow trout fillet.

The aim of research was to fabricate a novel indicator by using κ-carrageenan and quince seed mucilage (QSM) hydrogels and red cabbage anthocyanin. The porosity of the hydrogel was controlled using different ratios of κ-carrageenan(C):QSM(Q) (C90:Q10, C70:Q30, and C50:Q50). The hardness of hydrogels decreased from 28.

Comparative Study of Two Himalayan Snow Trouts, Schizothorax esocinus and Schizothorax curvifrons Within the Schizothoracinae and Other Nearest Relatives of Cyprinidae, Inferred from Mitochondrial Sequences of Cytochrome b (Cyt-b) and Cytochrome Oxidase I (Co-I) Gene.

The Himalayan region encompasses varied aquatic ecosystems, characterized by the presence of diverse ichthyofauna, particularly represented by members of the Schizothorax genus, commonly referred to as snow trout. The primary objective of this work was to examine the molecular phylogeny of Schizothoracinae, specifically focusing on the two species, Schizothorax esocinus and Schizothorax curvifrons, which are known to inhabit the northern and north-eastern regions of the Himalayas. This investigation was conducted by analyzing the entire mitochondrial Cyt-b and Co-I gene sequences.

Semi-automated software improves interrater reliability and reduces processing time of magnetic resonance imaging-based exocrine pancreatic assessments in pediatric patients.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with secretin stimulation (MR-PFTs) is a non-invasive test for pancreatic exocrine function based on assessing the volume of secreted bowel fluid in vivo. Adoption of this methodology in clinical care and research is largely limited to qualitative assessment of secretion as current methods for secretory response quantification require manual thresholding and segmentation of MR images, which can be time-consuming and prone to interrater variability. We describe novel software (PFTquant) that preprocesses and thresholds MR images, performs heuristic detection of non-bowel fluid objects, and provides the user with intuitive semi-automated tools to segment and quantify bowel fluid in a fast and robust manner.

Generation of Porcine and Rainbow Trout 3D Intestinal Models and Their Use to Investigate Astaxanthin Effects In Vitro.

Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural compound derived from shellfish, microorganisms, and algae, with several healthy properties. For this reason, it is widely used in the diet of humans and animals, such as pigs, broilers, and fish, where its addition is related to its pigmenting properties. Moreover, AST's ability to reduce free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage finds application during the weaning period, when piglets are exposed to several stressors.

Effects of Low-Lipid Diets on Growth, Haematology, Histology and Immune Responses of Parr-Stage Atlantic Salmon ().

Lipids in fish diets provide energy and play important roles in immunity and metabolism. Atlantic salmon, a species that migrates from freshwater to seawater, requires high energy, especially during smoltification. Juvenile teleosts have low lipid requirements, and a high dietary lipid content is known to have negative effects on their growth and digestion.

Replacing Fishmeal and Fish Oil with Complex Protein and Canola Oil: Effect on Organoleptic and Nutritional Quality of Triploid Rainbow Trout ().

A twelve-week feeding experiment was undertaken to explore the impact of substituting dietary fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with complex protein (CP) and canola oil (CO) in the diet of triploid rainbow trout on the quality of their fillets. The control diet (F100) contained FM (60%) and FO (18.6%) as the main protein and lipid sources.

Characterization and distribution of a 14-Mb chromosomal inversion in native populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Multiple studies in a range of taxa have found links between structural variants and the development of ecologically important traits. Such variants are becoming easier to find due, in large part, to the increase in the amount of genome-wide sequence data in nonmodel organisms. The salmonids (salmon, trout, and charr) are a taxonomic group with abundant genome-wide datasets due to their importance in aquaculture, fisheries, and variation in multiple ecologically important life-history traits.

Valine administration in the hypothalamus alters the brain and plasma metabolome in rainbow trout.

Central administration of valine has been shown to cause hyperphagia in fish. Although mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in this response, the contributions to feed intake of central and peripheral metabolite changes due to excess valine are unknown. Here, we investigated whether intracerebroventricular injection of valine modulates central and peripheral metabolite profiles and may provide insights into feeding response in fish.