Purified Polysaccharide Combined with Inactivated Vaccine Markedly Prevents Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus Infection in Rainbow Trout ().

Rainbow trout () is experiencing a catastrophic pandemic. In recent years, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has spread nationwide, resulting in significant mortality. Currently, there are no available treatments or vaccines for IHNV in China.

Skin microRNA transcriptomic and functional analysis revealed novel-m0065-3p regulating antiviral immune responses via targeting IRF7 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with IHNV.

miRNAs are small non-coding RNA that instrumental in host immune response to pathogen infection. However, studies on the involvement of miRNAs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) antiviral response are still lacking. In this study, miRNA profiles of 48 hpi (T48SKs) compared to control (C48SKs), novel-m0065-3p and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) expression, and novel-m0065-3p-IRF7 functions were examined in rainbow trout skin following infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) challenge through RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and overexpression and inhibition assays.

The potential of oviduct tags and fine-scale acoustic telemetry to reveal the timing and location of spawning in Arctic salmonids (Salvelinus spp.).

Identifying and characterizing spawning locations are paramount for the protection of critical fish habitats but can be challenging, particularly in remote locations. Using the underexplored oviduct-tagging technique, we aimed to identify the timing and location of spawning for wild Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in two high-Arctic lakes in Nunavut. Specifically, Innovasea V7 acoustic telemetry transmitters were inserted into the oviducts of 13 Arctic char and 4 lake trout, and the timing and location of tag expulsion were determined using a fine-scale positioning system.

Evaluation of a DNA vaccine with self-designed CpG sequences against J genotype IHNV infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Rainbow trout suffer from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreaks, which lead to massive mortality and huge economic loss worldwide. The approved commercial vaccine is used for the prevention of IHN in Canada. Given that Chinese domestic J-genotype isolates are different from North American IHNV isolates, the development of an effective DNA vaccine against Chinese J-genotype isolates is urgent.

Estimates of Effective Number of Breeders Identify Drivers of Decline in Mid-Atlantic Brook Trout Populations.

Brook Trout () populations have experienced marked declines throughout their native range and are presently threatened due to isolation in small habitat fragments, land use changes, and climate change. The existence of numerous, spatially distinct populations poses substantial challenges for monitoring population status (e.g.

Understanding how restoration reduces competition for habitat by combining theory, observation, and experiment.

Habitat selection theory enables inferences about species habitat choice across a range of observed population densities. However, it is relatively uncommon to use habitat selection theory in studies of habitat restoration efficacy to understand the effect of restoration on habitat competition. We combined observational density data and resource selection functions to analyze habitat correlations with both habitat selection theory and a mark-recapture experiment to show how habitat restoration can mitigate competition between species with similar habitat preferences.

Assessing the effect of therapeutic level of oxytetracycline dihydrate on pharmacokinetics and biosafety in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792).

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline dihydrate after a single oral administration of 80 mg kg day in rainbow trout and assess its biosafety at concentration of 80, 240, 400, and 800 mg kg day over 30 days, focusing on various aspects such as effective feed consumption, physiological responses, drug tolerance, and detection of low drug concentrations in rainbow trout. The pharmacokinetics study spanned a duration of 5 days, while the assessment of biosafety extended for a 30-day safety margin, followed by a subsequent 10-day residual analysis. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed slow absorption with low-rate constant in tissues.

Use of cardiac cell cultures from salmonids to measure the cardiotoxic effect of environmental pollutants.

Environmental stressors such as micro- and nanosized plastic particles (MNPs) or crude oil have a detrimental effect on aquatic animals; however, the impact upon the cardiovascular system of fish remains relatively under-researched. This study presents a novel approach for investigating the effect of crude oil and MNPs on the cardiac system of fish. We used salmonid larvae and cardiac cell cultures derived from hearts of salmonid fish and exposed them to environmental stressors.

Regenerating Family Member 3 Alpha Is Predictive of Mortality Following Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion.

Regenerating Family Member 3 Alpha (REG3A) is an antimicrobial protein secreted by the intestine and pancreas with additional immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we published that REG3A expression in ischemic stroke patient systemic blood, during mechanical thrombectomy (MT), is significantly associated with inflammatory cytokines and patient function on admission. This paper, however, did not investigate post-acute death rates.

17α-Ethynylestradiol and Levonorgestrel Exposure of Rainbow Trout RTL-W1 Cells at 18 °C and 21 °C Mainly Reveals Thermal Tolerance, Absence of Estrogenic Effects, and Progestin-Induced Upregulation of Detoxification Genes.

Fish are exposed to increased water temperatures and aquatic pollutants, including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Although each stressor can disturb fish liver metabolism independently, combined effects may exist. To unveil the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of EDCs and temperature, fish liver cell lines are potential models needing better characterisation.

The Effects of Kynurenic Acid in Zebrafish Embryos and Adult Rainbow Trout.

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a metabolite of tryptophan formed on the kynurenine pathway. Its pharmacological effects are relatively well characterized in mammals, whereas its role in fish is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to expand the knowledge of KYNA's presence inside a fish's body and its impact on fish development and function.

Acclimation to constant and fluctuating temperatures promotes distinct metabolic responses in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus).

The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average, imposing challenges to cold-adapted fish, such as Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). We evaluated stress and metabolic responses of Arctic char to different thermal acclimation scenarios to determine whether responses to thermal variation differed from those to stable exposures. Fish were exposed for 7 days to one of four treatments: (1) control (12°C); (2) mean (16°C), corresponding to the mean temperature of the diel thermal cycle; (3) constant high temperature (20°C); and (4) diel thermal cycling (12 to 20°C every 24 h).

Metabolic rate and mitochondrial physiology adjustments in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) during cyclic hypoxia.

Diel fluctuations of oxygen levels characterize cyclic hypoxia and pose a significant challenge to wild fish populations. Although recent research has been conducted on the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation, mechanisms by which fish acclimatize to cyclic hypoxia remain unclear, especially in hypoxia-sensitive species. We hypothesized that acclimation to cyclic hypoxia requires a downregulation of aerobic metabolic rate and an upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacities to mitigate constraints on aerobic metabolism and the elevated risk of oxidative stress upon reoxygenation.

Biomarkers of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, and the activity of lysosomal enzymes in the livers of rainbow trout ( Walbaum) vaccinated against yersiniosis before a challenge.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins and total antioxidant capacity), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase), that of lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) and changes in biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, de Ritis ratio, lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate and pyruvate levels and their ratio) in the liver tissue of fish that were vaccinated against enteric redmouth disease and challenged with its causative agent, the bacterium .

Material And Methods: The vaccine was administered orally to trout, some of which were challenged with 61 days later. For comparison, unvaccinated and unchallenged trout and unvaccinated and challenged trout were also evaluated.

Parasite abundance distribution as a model of host-parasite relationships between monogeneans Gyrodactylus spp. and cage-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Aggregation is a fundamental feature of parasite distribution in the host population, but the biological implications of the aggregation indices used to describe the relationships between the populations of parasites and hosts are not evident. It is speculated that the form of distribution in each case is predicated on the host's varying resistance to the infection, which is hard to control, making it difficult to adequately interpret the index values. This paper examines several cases from trout farms in Russian Karelia to explore the monogenean Gyrodactylus spp.

Early metabolic and transcriptomic regulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by 11-deoxycorticosterone through two corticosteroid receptors pathways.

Cortisol hormone is considered the main corticosteroid in fish stress, acting through glucocorticoid (GR) or mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor. The 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) corticosteroid is also secreted during stress and could complement the cortisol effects, but this still not fully understood. Hence, we evaluated the early transcriptomic response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by DOC through GR or MR.

Effect of body size on the oral pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout ().

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) in rainbow trout () of different body sizes.

Methods: The research was carried out on three groups as small (30-50 g), medium (90-110 g) and large (185-215 g) body sizes at 8 ± 0.5 °C.

Pharmacokinetics and Plasma Protein Binding of Flunixin in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Flunixin's pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and plasma protein binding were examined in rainbow trout. The experiment involved 252 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) maintained at 12 ± 0.6°C.

SOCS6, an inhibitory factor in Japanese eel inhibits the type I IFN pathway and the MyD88-mediated NF-kB pathway.

SOCS family genes are a class of repressors in various signaling pathways of mammals involved in regulating immunity, growth, and development, but the information remains limited in teleost. The full-length cDNA sequence of the Japanese eel SOCS6 gene, named AjSOCS6, was first cloned and showed to encode 529 amino acids with a conserved SH2 structural domain and a typical structure of a C-terminal SOCS box. AjSOCS6 is evolutionarily close to that of rainbow trout and zebrafish.

Microwave Heating Characteristics on Lipid Quality in Sterilized Rainbow Trout () Using Designed Heating Processing.

The aim of this study was to simulate microwave heating characteristics to investigate the lipid quality in rainbow trout, including the impact of the heating rate, maximum temperature, and thermal processing level on the extent of lipid oxidation and on the fatty acid extraction coefficient. Increasing F from 3 to 6 min improved fatty acid retention at high heating rates but led to a decrease in the measured results at low heating rates. Elevated thermal processing levels and maximum temperatures were observed to intensify the oxidation.