Whole Genome Re-sequencing and Bulk Segregant Analysis Reveals Chromosomal Location for Papaya Ringspot Virus W Resistance in Squash.

Squash () is among the most important cucurbit crops grown worldwide. Plant pathogen, Papaya ringspot virus W (PRSV-W) causes significant yield loss in commercial squash production globally. The development of virus-resistant cultivars can complement integrated disease management and mitigate losses due to viral infections.

Quantifying the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrogen loading in the Western Lake Erie Basins.

Soluble nitrogen is highly mobile in soil and susceptible to leaching. It is important to identify nitrogen transport pathways so that the sources can be efficiently targeted in environment management. This study quantified the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrate + nitrite loading by separating flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration measurements into two periods depending on whether only baseflow was present or not using baseflow separation methods.

Genomic Position and Markers Associated with the Hull-Less Seed Trait in Pumpkin.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds are nutritious and valued as a source of vegetable oil, protein, healthy fatty acids, and minerals. Pumpkin seeds that are naturally devoid of the seedcoat (hull-less) are preferred by the industry as they eliminate the need for de-hulling prior to use. A single recessive gene, designated as n or h, controls the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin.

Spectral light distribution affects photosynthesis, leaf reflective indices, antioxidant activity and growth of Vanillaplanifolia.

Vanilla planifolia is an obligate sciophyte (shade plant) with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis. Plants were grown for 12 months under black, blue, green, or red photoselective shade netting (PSN) to alter the spectral light distribution impacting the plants. Light wavelengths were measured in each treatment and plants were assessed for photosynthetic characteristics, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, leaf reflectance indices, leaf area, growth, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osmolyte content.

Reduced Sensitivity to Tebuconazole in Isolates Collected from Major Apple Production Areas of China.

China has the largest acreage and is the greatest producer of apples in the world. Apple ring rot (ARR) caused by is one of the major diseases affecting apple fruit production. Tebuconazole, a sterol demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicide, has been increasingly applied to manage ARR in China.

Fulvic acid-like substance-Ca(II) complexes improved the utilization of calcium in rice: Chelating and absorption mechanism.

Water-soluble chelated calcium has been widely used in agriculture as a fertilizer to improve the absorption and utilization of calcium by plants. This paper prepared a new organic mineral fertilizer, based on fulvic acid-like substance chelated calcium (PFA-Ca complex), using optimal parameters (i.e.

Artificial selection for timing of dispersal in predatory mites yields lines that differ in prey exploitation strategies.

Dispersal is the main determinant of the dynamics and persistence of predator-prey metapopulations. When defining dispersal as a predator exploitation strategy, theory predicts the existence of a continuum of strategies: from some dispersal throughout the predator-prey interaction (the Milker strategy) to dispersal only after the prey had been exterminated (the Killer strategy). These dispersal strategies relate to differences in prey exploitation at the population level, with more dispersal leading to longer predator-prey interaction times and higher cumulative numbers of dispersing predators.

Genetic differentiation of grain, fodder and pod vegetable type cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) identified through single nucleotide polymorphisms from genotyping-by-sequencing.

The species Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp), commonly known as cowpea, is a multi-purpose legume that has been selected into three subspecies that are divided into grain, fodder and pod (yardlong bean) types. However, genetic bases for distinctions are not well understood.

Within-plant Distributions and Density of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as Influenced by Interactions Between Plastic Mulch and Vegetable Crop Species.

Plastic mulch of different colors and ultraviolet (UV) reflectivity individually or combined with released arthropod predators is an important component of an integrated pest management strategy. In 2015 and 2016, we evaluated the density and within-plant distribution of a released predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athius-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.

Functional Characteristics of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Its Involvement in Aromatic Volatile Biosynthesis in Postharvest Banana Ripening.

Butanol vapor feeding to ripe banana pulp slices produced abundant butyl butanoate, indicating that a portion of butanol molecules was converted to butanoate/butanoyl-CoA via butanal, and further biosynthesized to ester. A similar phenomenon was observed when feeding propanol and pentanol, but was less pronounced when feeding hexanol, 2-methylpropanol and 3-methylbutanol. Enzymes which catalyze the cascade reactions, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetyl-CoA synthetase, and alcohol acetyl transferase, have been well documented.

Biocontrol Potential of Essential Oils in Organic Horticulture Systems: From Farm to Fork.

In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to food safety and organic horticulture. Thus, people are looking for natural products to manage plant diseases, pests, and weeds. Essential oils (EOs) or EO-based products are potentially promising candidates for biocontrol agents due to their safe, bioactive, biodegradable, ecologically, and economically viable properties.

Precise Monitoring of Soil Salinity in China's Yellow River Delta Using UAV-Borne Multispectral Imagery and a Soil Salinity Retrieval Index.

Monitoring salinity information of salinized soil efficiently and precisely using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is critical for the rational use and sustainable development of arable land resources. The sensitive parameter and a precise retrieval method of soil salinity, however, remain unknown. This study strived to explore the sensitive parameter and construct an optimal method for retrieving soil salinity.

Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixture of -menth-2-en-1-ol isomers and both α- and β-phellandrene. This study used pure cultures of six symbiotic fungi isolated from to document volatile emissions and determine the relative attraction of symbionts in binary choice assays.

Lentinan extends lifespan and increases oxidative stress resistance through DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Lentinan, extracted from Lentinus edodes, exhibits bioactive properties in vitro; however, little is known about the antioxidant potential in vivo. In this study, the effects of lentinan at 0.05, 0.

, a new genus and species of sequestrate found in Florida nursery production.

We describe a novel sequestrate genus and species, found associated with nursery production of ferns in south Florida. This truffle species has a unique combination of morphological characters among described in that it lacks a stipe or columella, has large, ornamented spores, the fresh sporocarps rapidly stain pink-red when cut or bruised, and they have a rancid smell. Although this fungus does not appear to be a direct plant pathogen, the hyphae of produce a thick hydrophobic mycelial mat that binds the organic matter and therefore prevents water and fertilizer from being absorbed by plants, consequently causing wilting and chlorosis.

Adaptation Strategies to Improve the Resistance of Oilseed Crops to Heat Stress Under a Changing Climate: An Overview.

Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass production, phenology and physiology, and yield-contributing traits in oilseed crops. Oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, coconut, palm oil, sesame, safflower, olive etc.

Metabolomics Insights into Chemical Convergence in and Metabolic Changes Following Treatment with the Small Molecule Carvacrol.

Microbes are natural chemical factories and their metabolome comprise diverse arrays of chemicals. The genus comprises some of the most important plant pathogens causing devastating yield losses globally and previous studies suggested that species in the genus are untapped chemical minefields. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to study the metabolome of a globally spread important xanthomonad, .

First Look Into the Ambrosia Beetle-Fungus Symbiosis Present in Commercial Avocado Orchards in Michoacán, Mexico.

Most beetle-fungus symbioses do not represent a threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, a few beetles are able to inoculate healthy hosts with disease-causing fungal symbionts. Here, we report the putative nutritional symbionts associated with five native species of ambrosia beetles colonizing commercial avocado trees in four locations in Michoacán. Knowing which beetles are present in the commercial orchards and the surrounding areas, as well as their fungal associates, is imperative for developing a realistic risk assessment and an effective monitoring system that allows for timely management actions.

Calcification-driven CO emissions exceed "Blue Carbon" sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow.

Long-term “Blue Carbon” burial in seagrass meadows is complicated by other carbon and alkalinity exchanges that shape net carbon sequestration. We measured a suite of such processes, including denitrification, sulfur, and inorganic carbon cycling, and assessed their impact on air-water CO exchange in a typical seagrass meadow underlain by carbonate sediments. Eddy covariance measurements reveal a consistent source of CO to the atmosphere at an average rate of 610 ± 990 μmol m hour during our study and 700 ± 660 μmol m hour (6.

Degradation Characteristics of Carbon Tetrachloride by Granular Sponge Zero Valent Iron.

Granular sponge zero valent iron (ZVI) was employed to degrade carbon tetrachloride (CCl). The effects of acidic washing, initial solution pH, and ZVI dosage on CCl degradation were investigated. Results showed that CCl was effectively removed by ZVI and approximately 75% of CCl was transformed into chloroform through hydrogenolysis.

The long-term effects of microplastics on soil organomineral complexes and bacterial communities from controlled-release fertilizer residual coating.

Controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) was applied widely in China as an efficient utilization strategy for improving grain yield and reducing the nitrogen contamination. However, it was indeterminate to know the impacts of inevitably imported plastic into the soil on sustainable development. After ten-year fixed-site experiment, the visible residual coating microplastics were separated from the soil to measure their changes, then the long-term effects of CRF application (theoretical microplastic content 0.

Wind induced algal migration manipulates sediment denitrification N-loss patterns in shallow Taihu Lake, China.

Driven by winds, the distribution of algae is often noticeably patchy at kilometer scales in shallow lakes. The decomposition of the settled algal biomass may affect nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles and thereby N loss in sediments. In this study, we investigated sediment denitrification N-loss patterns along algal migration pathway in Taihu Lake, a shallow and eutrophic lake in China, and found that wind-induced algal migration in the overlying water manipulated the temporal and spatial patterns of denitrification N-loss in sediments.

Pathway-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biosynthesis of Key Flavor Compounds in Mango.

Mango is a tropical fruit with global demand as a result of its high sensory quality and nutritional attributes. Improving fruit quality at the consumer level could increase demand, but fruit quality is a complex trait requiring a deep understanding of flavor development to uncover key pathways that could become targets for improving sensory quality. Here, a pathway-based metabolomics (untargeted and targeted) approach was used to explore biosynthetic mechanisms of key flavor compounds with five core metabolic pathways (butanoate metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, linoleic and linolenic acid pathway, and carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism) in three mango cultivars.

A Contrast of Three Inoculation Techniques used to Determine the Race of Unknown Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum Isolates.

Fusarium wilt of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), has reemerged as a major production constraint in the southeastern USA, especially in Florida.