Sterile osteomyelitis: a cardinal sign of autoinflammation.

Autoinflammatory bone disorders (ABDs) are characterized by sterile bone inflammation stemming from dysregulated innate immune responses. This review focuses on the occurrence of sterile osteomyelitis in ABDs and related diseases, notably chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and its sporadic and monogenic forms, such as deficiency of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist, Majeed syndrome, CNO related to mutation, and pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA syndrome). Additionally, other autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) are discussed, including classical periodic fever syndromes (e.