infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options.

SUMMARY infection (CDI) is one of the major issues in nosocomial infections. This bacterium is constantly evolving and poses complex challenges for clinicians, often encountered in real-life scenarios. In the face of CDI, we are increasingly equipped with new therapeutic strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies and live biotherapeutic products, which need to be thoroughly understood to fully harness their benefits.

Insights into attention and memory difficulties in post-COVID syndrome using standardized neuropsychological tests and experimental cognitive tasks.

The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to post-acute cognitive symptoms, often described as 'brain fog'. To comprehensively grasp the extent of these issues, we conducted a study integrating traditional neuropsychological assessments with experimental cognitive tasks targeting attention control, working memory, and long-term memory, three cognitive domains most commonly associated with 'brain fog'. We enrolled 33 post-COVID patients, all self-reporting cognitive difficulties, and a matched control group (N = 27) for cognitive and psychological assessments.

Lamivudine, Doravirine, and Cabotegravir Downregulate the Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), Inhibit Cell Growth, and Reduce Invasive Capability in Melanoma Cell Lines.

This study explores the impact of antiretroviral administration on the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), cell growth, and invasive capability of human melanoma cell lines in culture. We investigated three antiretrovirals-lamivudine, doravirine, and cabotegravir-in A375, FO-1, and SK-Mel-28, BRAF-mutated, and in MeWo, P53-mutated, melanoma cell lines. The findings indicate a general capability of these drugs to downregulate the expression of HERV-K Pol and Env genes and hinder cell viability, mobility, and colony formation capacity of melanoma cells.

Acute cholecystitis management in high-risk, critically ill, and unfit-for-surgery patients: the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (SICUT) guidelines.

Dealing with acute cholecystitis in high-risk, critically ill, and unfit-for-surgery patients is frequent during daily practice and requires complex management. Several procedures exist to postpone and/or prevent surgical intervention in those patients who temporarily or definitively cannot undergo surgery. After a systematic review of the literature, an expert panel from the Italian Society of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (SICUT) discussed the different issues and statements in subsequent rounds.

Identification of IncA Plasmid, Harboring Gene, in Goldcoast ST358 and ST62 Isolated in a Hospitalized Patient.

In the present study, we analyzed the genome of two strains TS1 and TS2 from stool and blood cultures, respectively, and one strain of TS3, isolated from a single hospitalized patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The Goldcoast ST358 (O:8 (C2-C3) serogroup), sequenced by the MiSeq Illumina system, showed the presence of β-lactamase genes (, and ), , , , , , , and several incompatibility plasmids. A wide variety of insertion sequences (ISs) and transposon elements were identified.

How Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix Influences the Development of the Breast Capsule 1 Year after Implantation: A Histopathological Analysis.

Background: In prepectoral breast reconstruction (PPBR) the acellular dermal matrix (ADM)'s integration capacity into the tissue is known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the ADM on development and composition of the peri-implant breast capsule in a dynamic setting of breast tissue expansion during two-stage prepectoral breast reconstruction.

Methods: This is a prospective single-center study in which 50 patients who underwent mastectomy and breast reconstruction with prepectoral tissue expander and Braxon ADM (group A) and submuscular tissue expander (group B) were enrolled.

Early Seroma Treatment Protocol Based on US-Guided Aspiration in DTI Prepectoral Reconstruction: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Seroma is a common complication after prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction with ADM, leading to wound dehiscencse, infection, and even loss of reconstruction at last. A new ultrasound (US) guided follow-up protocol has been applied to compare primary and secondary complications incidence and their treatment, and evaluate the effect of precocious seroma detection and its evacuation in reducing secondary complications.

Methods: We enrolled 406 patients from January 1st, 2021 to July 1st, 2023 who underwent mastectomy and 1-stage prepectoral reconstruction with ADM.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus bloodstream infection successfully managed with oritavancin and fosfomycin as sequential treatment.

Bloodstream infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci are increasingly reported and a consensus therapy does not exist. Oritavancin has shown good antimicrobial activity against VRE, but its use is mainly limited to skin, soft tissue, and/or bone infections. Fosfomycin is increasingly used for enterococcal infections (including bloodstream infections and endocarditis) as a partner drug given its anti-biofilm and synergistic properties.

Novel Technique for Intentional Occlusion of Directional Branches During Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair Using Microvascular Plugs.

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility and outcomes of using the microvascular plug (MVP) for intentional occlusion of directional branches (DB) during complex endovascular aortic procedures.

Case Report: Two patients were treated with the off-the-shelf four-branched Zenith t-Branch thoracoabdominal stent-graft (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind). In both cases, the renal arteries (on one side in patient #1 and on both sides in patient #2, respectively) were occluded at time of index intervention.

Obliterated cavum septi pellucidi: is it always a benign finding? A case report and narrative review of the literature.

Objective: The septum pellucidum is a virtual cavity located at the anterior part of the brain midline, which only in fetal life has a certain amount of fluid inside. The presence of an obliterated cavum septi pellucidi (oCSP) in the prenatal period is poorly described in the literature but, nevertheless, it constitutes an important clinical dilemma for the fetal medicine specialist in terms of significance and prognosis. Moreover, its occurrence is increasing maybe because of the widespread of high-resolution ultrasound machine.

Inertial sensors-based assessment to detect hallmarks of chronic ankle instability during single-leg standing: Is the healthy limb "healthy"?

Background: Chronic ankle instability can be common in sportsmen and can increase the risk of damaging the articular surfaces and result in negative consequences to joint health. Balance assessment is often used to evaluate ankle instability characteristics and guide rehabilitation protocols. This study aims to investigate balance-related parameters in people with chronic ankle instability and healthy-matched controls, using inertial sensors.

Endemic Systemic Mycoses in Italy: A Systematic Review of Literature and a Practical Update.

Endemic systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis are emerging as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on endemic systemic mycoses reported in Italy from 1914 to nowadays. We found out: 105 cases of histoplasmosis, 15 of paracoccidioidomycosis, 10 of coccidioidomycosis, 10 of blastomycosis and 3 of talaromycosis.

Incidence and risk factors for interval aortic events during staged fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair.

Objective: Staged endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms with first-stage thoracic endovascular aortic repair may decrease the risk of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) associated with fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms or optimize the proximal landing zone in the cases requiring total aortic arch repair. However, a limitation of multistaged procedures is the risk of interval aortic events (IAEs) including mortality from a ruptured aneurysm. We aim to identify the incidence of and risk factors associated with IAEs during staged FB-EVAR.

Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief.

By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been reported to increase passive range of motion (p-ROM), the decrease of which is mainly due to muscle shortening (i.e.

Bloodstream Infection in an Adult Patient with COVID-19 and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Unique Case and a Systematic Review of the Literature.

is an uncommon species causing invasive fungemia. This yeast is mainly associated with the colonisation of intravascular catheters, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and infections in the paediatric population. Here, we report a case of bloodstream infection in a 53-year-old man.

Long-term Mortality and Reintervention After Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using VQI-matched Medicare Claims.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) versus open aortic repair (OAR) on mortality and reintervention after ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI).

Background: The optimal treatment modality for rAAA remains debated, with little data on long-term comparisons.

Methods: VQI rAAA repairs (2004-2018) were matched with Medicare claims (VQI-VISION).

Cerebral hypoperfusion in post-COVID-19 cognitively impaired subjects revealed by arterial spin labeling MRI.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most prevalent symptoms of post Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) state, which is known as Long COVID. Advanced neuroimaging techniques may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological brain changes and the underlying mechanisms in post-COVID-19 subjects. We aimed at investigating regional cerebral perfusion alterations in post-COVID-19 subjects who reported a subjective cognitive impairment after a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, using a non-invasive Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI technique and analysis.

Actigraphic Sensors Describe Stroke Severity in the Acute Phase: Implementing Multi-Parametric Monitoring in Stroke Unit.

Actigraphy is a tool used to describe limb motor activity. Some actigraphic parameters, namely Motor Activity (MA) and Asymmetry Index (AR), correlate with stroke severity. However, a long-lasting actigraphic monitoring was never performed previously.

Cognitive deficit in post-acute COVID-19: an opportunity for EEG evaluation?

Background And Purpose: Among the most common post-COVID symptoms, many patients experienced subjective cognitive deficit, commonly named "brain fog," that might be present also in those individuals without severe acute COVID-19 respiratory involvement. Some studies have investigated some of the mechanisms that might be associated with the brain fog with objective techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations in people with post-COVID self-reported cognitive deficit.

The Association Between Body Mass Index and Death Following Elective Endovascular and Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the Vascular Quality Initiative.

Objective: The effect of body mass index (BMI) on post-operative outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair remains poorly defined. The association between BMI and death following elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open aneurysm repair (OAR) of AAA in a large national quality registry is investigated.

Methods: All elective AAA repairs within the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI; 2010 to September 2021) were reviewed (EVAR, n = 53 426; OAR, n = 9 479).