Primary intraperitoneal hydatid cyst presenting with abdominal distension: A case report.

Introduction: Peritoneal hydatid disease accounts for 2-13 % of abdominal hydatidosis cases. Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and potential for multi-organ involvement, the condition is often misdiagnosed. Evidence on managing primary peritoneal hydatid cysts remains limited, presenting challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

Infantile achalasia cardia: A rare case report of a 3-month-old female with recurrent pneumonia successfully treated with surgical intervention.

Introduction: Achalasia, a rare esophageal disorder with an annual incidence of 0.11 per 100,000 in children, is characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and peristalsis. Infantile cases are extremely uncommon and often linked to genetic conditions like Allgrove and Down syndrome.

Clinical outcomes and complications of retained biliary stents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series.

Biliary stents are widely used following endoscopic management of choledocholithiasis. Removal is recommended within 3-6 months to prevent complications. This study analyzed cases of retained biliary stents managed at our institution.

Management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings: global expert consensus statements using a Delphi method.

Purpose: To generate consensus and provide expert clinical practice statements for the management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings.

Methods: An international multidisciplinary Steering Committee with expertise in sepsis management and including a Delphi methodologist was convened by the Asia Pacific Sepsis Alliance (APSA). The committee selected an international panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in sepsis management.

Incidental finding of duplication of vas deferens in inguinal hernia: a case report of rare anomaly.

Duplication of the vas deferens is a rare congenital anomaly, with an incidence of ~0.05% in the general population. It is typically discovered incidentally during surgeries involving the spermatic cord, such as inguinal hernia repair.

Atypical presentation of spontaneous urinoma: A case report.

Spontaneous urinomas are rare, encapsulated urine collections in the retroperitoneum that occur without prior trauma or obstruction. It often presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, mimicking various acute abdominal pathologies. This case report describes a rare and unique instance of spontaneous urinoma secondary to pyeloureteritis, presenting with atypical clinical features that mimic acute bowel obstruction.

Synchronous bilateral breast cancer with heterogeneous hormone receptor status: a case report.

The expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors in breast cancer cells helps guide treatment and predict outcomes. When the status of these receptors is heterogeneous, it makes treatment planning more complex. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman with bilateral breast cancer with heterogenous receptor status and subsequent challenges in management.

Malignant transformation of recurrent benign phyllodes tumor: a case report and comprehensive review of literature.

Introduction: Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, accounting for less than 1% of all breast tumors. The WHO classifies PTs into benign, borderline, or malignant categories based on histological features. While benign PTs generally have a favorable prognosis, they carry a risk of transformation into malignant variants, particularly in cases of recurrence.

Prevalence of bacteriuria and treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: The global incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is rising, with bacterial causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) being a common factor contributing to complications in these patients.

Aim: To identify the prevalence of bacteriuria and treatment response in patients with symptomatic BPH.

Materials And Methods: This 1-year prospective study included all patients presenting with LUTS due to BPH who met the inclusion criteria.

An unexpected cause of intractable dysphagia after 20 years following cervical spine instrumentation using bone cement alone: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Postoperative dysphagia following anterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF) for cervical disc herniation is still poorly understood. Dysphagia after anterior spinal cervical approach is mild and transient. Here, the authors present a rare case suffering with severe progressive dysphagia for over 1 year after 20 years of ACDF due to expulsed bone cement abutting the esophagus which was successfully removed after reoperation.

Risk factors for bacterial stent colonization in patients with a double J ureteral stent: a prospective study.

Background: The increasing use of double J ureteral stents (DJS) has increased the risk of early intolerance and long-term complications. Studies have reported stent colonization rates ranging from 19 to 90% with various bacterial profiles in the colonization of stents.

Objectives: To identify the risk factors associated with bacterial colonization of DJS and report the common micro-organisms isolated and drug susceptibility pattern.

Classic yet challenging case of stump appendicitis: a case report.

Introduction: Stump appendicitis is a rare complication of appendectomy in which residual appendiceal tissue becomes inflamed, mimicking acute appendicitis. This case report highlights the classic clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of stump appendicitis.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and a past history of open appendectomy performed 4 years prior.

Streptokinase-Induced Serum Sickness: A Case Report.

Serum sickness is rare; however, there is a significant hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase used in different cardiac problems. Treatment often involves discontinuing the offending agent and administering corticosteroids. This case underscores the complexities of managing prosthetic valve thrombosis and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing complications of thrombolytic therapy.

International cross-sectional survey on current and updated definitions of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome.

Background: The Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) established consensus definitions and recommendations for the management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in 2006, and they were last updated in 2013. The WSACS conducted an international survey between 2022 and 2023 to seek the agreement of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) worldwide on current and new candidate statements that may be used for future guidelines.

Methods: A self-administered, online cross-sectional survey was conducted under the auspices of the WSACS to assess the level of agreement among HCPs over current and new candidate statements.

A Decade-Long Analysis of Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance in a Neurosurgical Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria cause infections with higher risks of morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. Understanding the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these pathogens is crucial for effective treatment and managing resistance. Therefore, this retrospective study examined the prevalence, causes, and trends in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections at a neurosurgical hospital in Nepal.

Triage processes in primary, secondary, and tertiary health care facilities in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a mixed-methods study.

Background: In healthcare facilities, an efficient triage system is critical to optimize patient care. The main objective of this study was to explore the triage processes and practices in three different tiers of healthcare facilities in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach in this study comprised observations and interviews in ten healthcare settings across primary care centers (PHC; n = 6), secondary care centers (SHC; n = 3), and tertiary care hospital (n = 1).

Imaging of Treacher Collins syndrome: A case report.

Treacher Collins syndrome, also known as mandibulofacial dysostosis, is a rare congenital disorder affecting craniofacial development. It is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation, primarily in the TCOF1 gene, which impacts the development of the first and second branchial arches. We present the case of a 12-year-old male with bilateral conductive hearing loss and deformed ears, whose clinical and imaging findings were consistent with Treacher Collins syndrome.

Open laminectomy vs. minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a review.

Objectives: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) refers to a narrowing of the space within the spinal canal, which can occur at any level but is most common in the lumbar spine. Open laminectomy and minimally invasive laminectomy (MIL) procedures are the most common surgical gold standard techniques for treating LSS. This study aims to review clinical and biomechanical literature to draw comparisons between open laminectomy and various MIL techniques.

Short-Term Outcome of Patients in Delirium at Medical Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Delirium is highly prevalent in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and managing it in critically ill patients with severe comorbidities is challenging due to transient nature of symptoms. However its significance is underestimated, often overlooked and misdiagnosed by healthcare providers. In Nepal, limited studies has been done on delirium in medical ICUs hence this study aims to assess short-term outcome of admitted patients in delirium.

High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile Alteration In Subclinical Hypothyroidism for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of subclinical hypothyroidism with High sensitive C-reactive protein and lipid profile which can predispose to development of Cardiovascular disease.

Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months. A total of 71 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 37 healthy control subjects were enrolled for the study.

Donors' Outcome After Living Donor Liver Transplantation in a University Teaching Hospital: A Case Series.

Background Liver transplantation is the standard treatment for end-stage liver disease. Living donor liver transplantation is more commonly performed in Asian countries as compared to the Western due to the lack of organ donation. Donor safety is the key to sustaining a liver transplant program.