Internet- and mobile-based aftercare and relapse prevention interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Digital interventions present potential solutions for aftercare and relapse prevention in anxiety and depressive disorders. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the efficacy of internet- and mobile-based interventions for post-acute care in these conditions.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Open, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and Open Grey) for randomized controlled trials evaluating digital aftercare or relapse prevention interventions for adults with anxiety or depressive disorders.

The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition.

Background: Early life adversity has been shown to have long-lasting detrimental effects on a variety of biopsychosocial outcomes. Early adversity and its consequences may directly or indirectly affect cognitive aging and increase the risk of developing dementia in older age. Investigating the biopsychosocial outcomes associated with early adverse experiences is essential to inform health policies and promote healthy cognitive development across the life course.

The gamma rhythm as a guardian of brain health.

Gamma oscillations in brain activity (30-150 Hz) have been studied for over 80 years. Although in the past three decades significant progress has been made to try to understand their functional role, a definitive answer regarding their causal implication in perception, cognition, and behavior still lies ahead of us. Here, we first review the basic neural mechanisms that give rise to gamma oscillations and then focus on two main pillars of exploration.

Nuclear proteasomes buffer cytoplasmic proteins during autophagy compromise.

Autophagy is a conserved pathway where cytoplasmic contents are engulfed by autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes enabling their degradation. Mutations in core autophagy genes cause neurological conditions, and autophagy defects are seen in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Thus, we have sought to understand the cellular pathway perturbations that autophagy-perturbed cells are vulnerable to by seeking negative genetic interactions such as synthetic lethality in autophagy-null human cells using available data from yeast screens.

Brain dynamics supported by a hierarchy of complex correlation patterns defining a robust functional architecture.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides insights into cognitive processes with significant clinical potential. However, delays in brain region communication and dynamic variations are often overlooked in functional network studies. We demonstrate that networks extracted from fMRI cross-correlation matrices, considering time lags between signals, show remarkable reliability when focusing on statistical distributions of network properties.

Randomness impacts the building of specific priors, visual exploration, and perception in object recognition.

Recognising objects is a vital skill on which humans heavily rely to respond quickly and adaptively to their environment. Yet, we lack a full understanding of the role visual information sampling plays in this process, and its relation to the individual's priors. To bridge this gap, the eye-movements of 18 adult participants were recorded during a free-viewing object-recognition task using Dots stimuli.

Community detection in directed weighted networks using Voronoi partitioning.

Community detection is a ubiquitous problem in applied network analysis, however efficient techniques do not yet exist for all types of network data. Directed and weighted networks are an example, where the different information encoded by link weights and the possibly high graph density can cause difficulties for some approaches. Here we present an algorithm based on Voronoi partitioning generalized to deal with directed weighted networks.

Predictability of cortico-cortical connections in the mammalian brain.

Despite a five order of magnitude range in size, the brains of mammals share many anatomical and functional characteristics that translate into cortical network commonalities. Here we develop a machine learning framework to quantify the degree of predictability of the weighted interareal cortical matrix. Partial network connectivity data were obtained with retrograde tract-tracing experiments generated with a consistent methodology, supplemented by projection length measurements in a nonhuman primate (macaque) and a rodent (mouse).

Mitochondrial complex I activity in microglia sustains neuroinflammation.

Sustained smouldering, or low-grade activation, of myeloid cells is a common hallmark of several chronic neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Distinct metabolic and mitochondrial features guide the activation and the diverse functional states of myeloid cells. However, how these metabolic features act to perpetuate inflammation of the central nervous system is unclear.

Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo.

Genomic instability arising from defective responses to DNA damage or mitotic chromosomal imbalances can lead to the sequestration of DNA in aberrant extranuclear structures called micronuclei (MN). Although MN are a hallmark of ageing and diseases associated with genomic instability, the catalogue of genetic players that regulate the generation of MN remains to be determined. Here we analyse 997 mouse mutant lines, revealing 145 genes whose loss significantly increases (n = 71) or decreases (n = 74) MN formation, including many genes whose orthologues are linked to human disease.

Sharp detection of oscillation packets in rich time-frequency representations of neural signals.

Brain oscillations most often occur in bursts, called oscillation packets, which span a finite extent in time and frequency. Recent studies have shown that these packets portray a much more dynamic picture of synchronization and transient communication between sites than previously thought. To understand their nature and statistical properties, techniques are needed to objectively detect oscillation packets and to quantify their temporal and frequency extent, as well as their magnitude.

Knockout or inhibition of USP30 protects dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.

Mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and aberrant αSyn is a key pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD. This α-synucleinopathy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may drive dopaminergic neurodegeneration. PARKIN and PINK1, mutated in autosomal recessive PD, regulate the preferential autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria ("mitophagy") by inducing ubiquitylation of mitochondrial proteins, a process counteracted by deubiquitylation via USP30.

Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal.

While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigated whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engaged head-fixed mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues.

Romanian Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II).

Background: The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) is a self-report measure comprising 99 items divided into 18 non-overlapping scales that allows for a dimensional assessment of depression, anxiety, and bipolar symptoms. The IDAS-II is currently available in English, Turkish, Spanish, German, and Swedish. This study's major goal was to adapt and validate the IDAS-II to the Romanian population.

Serotonin and emotion regulation: the impact of tryptophan depletion on emotional experience, neural and autonomic activity.

The involvement of serotonin in emotion and psychopathology has been extensively examined. Studies using acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) have found limited effects on mood and aggression, and one of the explanations suggests that serotonin may be involved in higher-order functions, such as emotion regulation. However, there is very limited evidence for this hypothesis.

Improved space breakdown method - A robust clustering technique for spike sorting.

Unlabelled: Space Breakdown Method (SBM) is a clustering algorithm that was developed specifically for low-dimensional neuronal spike sorting. Cluster overlap and imbalance are common characteristics of neuronal data that produce difficulties for clustering methods. SBM is able to identify overlapping clusters through its design of cluster centre identification and the expansion of these centres.

Natural Reweighted Wake-Sleep.

Helmholtz Machines (HMs) are a class of generative models composed of two Sigmoid Belief Networks (SBNs), acting respectively as an encoder and a decoder. These models are commonly trained using a two-step optimization algorithm called Wake-Sleep (WS) and more recently by improved versions, such as Reweighted Wake-Sleep (RWS) and Bidirectional Helmholtz Machines (BiHM). The locality of the connections in an SBN induces sparsity in the Fisher Information Matrices associated to the probabilistic models, in the form of a finely-grained block-diagonal structure.

The fractal brain: scale-invariance in structure and dynamics.

The past 40 years have witnessed extensive research on fractal structure and scale-free dynamics in the brain. Although considerable progress has been made, a comprehensive picture has yet to emerge, and needs further linking to a mechanistic account of brain function. Here, we review these concepts, connecting observations across different levels of organization, from both a structural and functional perspective.

Cumulative life course adversity, mental health, and cognition in the UK biobank.

The association between adversity and cognition varies according to the specific adversity, when the adversity was experienced, and the cognitive domains investigated. Disentangling the effect of adversity and the underlying mechanistic pathway is therefore difficult. The association between adversity (i.

A hybrid biological neural network model for solving problems in cognitive planning.

A variety of behaviors, like spatial navigation or bodily motion, can be formulated as graph traversal problems through cognitive maps. We present a neural network model which can solve such tasks and is compatible with a broad range of empirical findings about the mammalian neocortex and hippocampus. The neurons and synaptic connections in the model represent structures that can result from self-organization into a cognitive map via Hebbian learning, i.

Time-Frequency Representations of Brain Oscillations: Which One Is Better?

Brain oscillations are thought to subserve important functions by organizing the dynamical landscape of neural circuits. The expression of such oscillations in neural signals is usually evaluated using time-frequency representations (TFR), which resolve oscillatory processes in both time and frequency. While a vast number of methods exist to compute TFRs, there is often no objective criterion to decide which one is better.

Behavioral And Physiological Analysis In A Zebrafish Model Of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy represents one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered a large spectrum of genes implicated in various forms of epilepsy, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of this disorder. Appropriate animal models are essential for investigating the pathological mechanisms triggered by genetic mutations implicated in epilepsy and for developing specialized, targeted therapies.

Alcohol and sweet reward are encoded by distinct meta-ensembles.

Cue-reward associations form distinct memories that can drive appetitive behaviors and cravings for both drugs and natural rewards. It is still unclear how such memories are encoded in the brain's reward system. We trained rats to concurrently self-administer either alcohol or a sweet saccharin solution as drug or natural rewards, respectively.