1,021 results match your criteria: "Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg[Affiliation]"

Type 2 inflammation in COPD: is it just asthma?

Breathe (Sheff)

October 2024

Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.

COPD is a heterogeneous condition, with tobacco smoking being the main environmental risk factor. The presence of type 2 (T2) inflammation is a well-recognised feature of asthma; however, it is now apparent that a subset of COPD patients also displays evidence of T2 inflammation with respect to elevated eosinophil counts and altered gene and protein expression of several T2 inflammatory mediators. T2 inflammatory mediators represent an attractive therapeutic target in both COPD and asthma; however, the efficacy of pharmaceutical interventions varies between diseases.

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Lessons Learned: Risk Factors and Clinical Impact of Severe Pneumothorax After Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction With Endobronchial Valves.

Chest

November 2024

Department for Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Pneumothorax is a major complication after endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves, with a prevalence of up to 34%. Although some patients benefit from valve implantation despite pneumothorax, others are significantly impaired after lung collapse.

Research Question: What are the differences in the severity grades of pneumothorax and how do these affect clinical practice?

Study Design And Methods: This single-center retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing endoscopic valve implantation with and without pneumothorax after intervention.

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[Management of adult bronchiectasis - Consensus-based Guidelines for the German Respiratory Society (DGP) e. V. (AWMF registration number 020-030)].

Pneumologie

November 2024

Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), München, Deutschland.

Bronchiectasis is an etiologically heterogeneous, chronic, and often progressive respiratory disease characterized by irreversible bronchial dilation. It is frequently associated with significant symptom burden, multiple complications, and reduced quality of life. For several years, there has been a marked global increase in the prevalence of bronchiectasis, which is linked to a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The revised 2022 guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society address PH but only briefly consider the needs of adults with congenital heart defects.
  • * The article aims to enhance understanding of ACHD management by exploring various aspects such as diagnostics, specialized therapies, and unique circumstances, thereby addressing gaps in current guidelines.
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Article Synopsis
  • * The 2022 guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society address PH management but only briefly cover the specific needs of adults with congenital heart defects.
  • * This article reviews various aspects of ACHDs and PH, including their epidemiology, risk factors, and management challenges, aiming to enhance awareness and care strategies for this patient population.
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Background: Established structured weaning approaches, which are effective for patients in simple and difficult weaning, are often not appropriate for patients undergoing prolonged weaning. Addressing the complexity of weaning failure requires personalized precision medicine. The therapeutic concept of treatable traits (TTs) has been proposed as a new paradigm for the management of chronic respiratory diseases.

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Low-Dose Whole-Chest Dynamic CT for the Assessment of Large Airway Collapsibility in Patients with Suspected Tracheobronchial Instability.

Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging

October 2024

From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Subdivision of Pulmonary Imaging, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (A.B., O.W., R.R., H.U.K., C.P.H., M.O.W.); Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (A.B., O.W., R.R., H.U.K., F.T., C.P.H., F.J.F.H., M.O.W.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine (A.B., O.W., R.R., H.U.K., C.P.H., M.O.W.) and Department of Pulmonary Medicine (F.T., F.J.F.H.), Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.D.); Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (D.G.); Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany (R.E.); and Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M.H., F.F.).

Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to evaluate tracheal collapsibility using low-dose 4D CT, comparing the results with traditional methods like inspiratory-expiratory CT and bronchoscopy in patients suspected of tracheal collapse.
  • - Researchers analyzed 4D CT scans from 52 patients, finding that 48% exhibited significant tracheal collapsibility (50% or greater) and noted differences between visual 4D CT assessments and other diagnostic methods regarding detection rates of collapsibility.
  • - Results showed that 4D CT was superior in identifying patients with severe collapsibility compared to both paired CT and bronchoscopy, with significant differences in collapsibility measurements between the groups assessed.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease, which is usually diagnosed late in advanced stages. Little is known about the subclinical development of IPF. We previously generated a mouse model with conditional deficiency () that develops IPF-like lung disease.

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Small cell transformation in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: DLL3 expression and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy.

Eur J Cancer

December 2024

Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany; National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Small cell transformation (SCT) is a typical mechanism of adaptive resistance to third generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) which have become the standard of care for EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer (EGFR+ NSCLC). Little is known about the optimal management of SCT patients. This study aimed to compare outcomes under platinum/etoposide chemotherapy alone (chemo) or in combination with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi+chemo) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI+chemo).

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Immunotherapy has significantly improved overall survival in patients with pleural mesothelioma, yet this benefit does not extend to those with the epithelioid subtype. Tumor growth is believed to be influenced by the immune response. This study aimed to analyze the tumor microenvironment to gain a better understanding of its influence on tumor growth.

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Interventional pulmonology for chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med

September 2024

Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69126, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • - Chronic inflammatory airway diseases like chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, and asthma are significant healthcare issues that can be addressed with interventional treatments alongside standard medical therapy.
  • - These minimally invasive procedures, such as bronchial thermoplasty and lung volume reduction techniques, directly target the airways to relieve symptoms and improve lung function by reducing hyperinflation and mucus production.
  • - The review provides insights into various interventional methods based on specific disease types, helping pulmonologists choose the best treatment options for their patients.
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Ethics in Medical Device Development.

Respiration

October 2024

Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg and Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.

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Thoracic MRI in pleural infection - a feasibility study from patients' and radiographers' perspectives.

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol

October 2024

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Article Synopsis
  • Pleural infections pose serious challenges, especially for elderly and immunocompromised patients, but MRIs can provide a radiation-free imaging option despite historical drawbacks like longer scan times and discomfort.
  • A feasibility study involving thirteen patients found high technical success in thoracic MRI, with acceptable scan times and minimal issues reported by both radiographers and patients.
  • The study suggests thoracic MRI could be a valuable alternative to CT, particularly in detecting complications like pleural effusion septations, while maintaining a good patient experience.
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Inert gas washout methods have been shown to detect pathological changes in the small airways that occur in the early stages of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. Numerical lung models support the analysis of characteristic washout curves, but are limited in their ability to simulate the complexity of lung anatomy over an appropriate time period. Therefore, the interpretation of patient-specific washout data remains a challenge.

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Cine-MRI and T1TSE Sequence for Mediastinal Mass.

Cancers (Basel)

September 2024

Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the standard radiologic examination for evaluating the extent of mediastinal tumors. If tumor infiltration into the large central thoracic vessels, the pericardium, or the myocardium is suspected, cine magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) can provide additional valuable information. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with mediastinal tumors who were staged with CT, cine-MRI, and a T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1TSE) prior to surgical resection.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study of 218 OMD NSCLC patients showed that those with fewer metastases and female patients had significantly longer overall survival rates, with a median OS of 27.8 months and a 5-year survival rate of 29%.
  • * Patients who underwent comprehensive local ablation combined with systemic therapy experienced improved recurrence-free survival, highlighting that adding immunotherapy could enhance outcomes, indicating a potential for a curative approach.
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Article Synopsis
  • * In the study, 345 previously treated patients were given either sotorasib or docetaxel, with various validated questionnaires used to assess quality of life and symptom burden over time.
  • * Results indicated that patients on sotorasib experienced fewer and less severe side effects, maintained better quality of life, and reported that their symptoms caused less interference with daily activities compared to those on docetaxel.
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SLPI deficiency alters airway protease activity and induces cell recruitment in a model of muco-obstructive lung disease.

Front Immunol

September 2024

Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Article Synopsis
  • - SLPI is a key protein that plays a role in airway immunity by inhibiting harmful enzymatic activity, and it also has anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune responses through NF-κB inhibition.
  • - In lung diseases like COPD and Cystic Fibrosis, SLPI levels can be elevated due to inflammation, but some studies show that COPD patients may have lower SLPI levels, which could weaken airway immunity.
  • - Researchers are using a mouse model that mimics features of COPD and CF to study the effects of SLPI by creating a genetically modified mouse (ENaC-Tg/SLPI) to understand how the absence of SLPI influences the progression of these chronic lung diseases.
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Introduction: Validation of functional free-breathing MRI involves a comparison to more established or more direct measurements. This procedure is cost-intensive, as it requires access to patient cohorts, lengthy protocols, expenses for consumables, and binds working time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce a synthetic lung model (ASYLUM), which mimics dynamic MRI acquisition and includes predefined lung abnormalities for an alternative validation approach.

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Benchmarking whole exome sequencing in the German network for personalized medicine.

Eur J Cancer

November 2024

Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) is a powerful tool in cancer diagnostics that allows for comprehensive analysis of genes, improving the detection of complex biomarkers compared to traditional panel-based methods.
  • A study analyzing tissue specimens across 21 NGS centers showed that, although there was a 76% agreement in somatic variant calling, refining filtering criteria improved this to 88%, highlighting the importance of filter settings in variant detection.
  • The reliability of detecting specific genomic changes (like CNAs and complex biomarkers) varied among labs, emphasizing the need for improved bioinformatics processes and collaborative testing to minimize discrepancies in future analyses.
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Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction options that do not depend on fissure integrity. Endobronchial coils have been extensively studied to address this need but exhibited variable patient response and have been discontinued. Lung tension device (LTD) coils represent the next-generation coil treatment.

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Dissecting AI-based mutation prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive real-world study.

Eur J Cancer

November 2024

Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; BIFOLD, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKTK/DKFZ), Munich Partner Site, Germany; Institute of Pathology, LMU München, München, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Molecular profiling of lung cancer is essential to identify genetic alterations that predict response to targeted therapy. While deep learning shows promise for predicting oncogenic mutations from whole tissue images, existing studies often face challenges such as limited sample sizes, a focus on earlier stage patients, and insufficient analysis of robustness and generalizability.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates factors influencing mutation prediction accuracy using the large Heidelberg Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort (HLCC), a cohort of 2356 late-stage FFPE samples.

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Rationale: The progression of lung changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) from infancy through adolescence remains poorly understood due to limited longitudinal imaging data.

Objectives: To assess changes in lung morphology and perfusion in children with CF through the pediatric age range by longitudinal chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: 1112 annual chest MRI were performed in 226 patients with CF aged 0-18yr.

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