The Association of Physical Activity With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Nepalese Adults: Evidence From a Nationwide Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey.

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity levels, overweight/obesity, and T2DM in a nationwide survey of Nepalese adults.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the 2019 non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors STEPS survey conducted in Nepal.

Health literacy and medication adherence in adults from ethnic minority backgrounds with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review.

Background: For people living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), achieving optimal health outcomes requires optimal self-management and adherence to medical treatment. While some studies suggest an association between poor medication adherence and lower levels of health literacy, the evidence for this association remains inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the association between health literacy and medication adherence among adults from ethnic minority backgrounds living with T2DM.

Population attributable fractions for modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in 48 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Identifying the modifiable risk factors for childhood mortality using population-attributable fractions (PAFs) estimates can inform public health planning and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated PAFs for key population-level modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in LMICs.

Methods: We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets (2010-22) from 48 LMICs, encompassing 35 sub-Saharan African countries and 13 countries from South and Southeast Asia (n = 506 989).

The current clinical approach to feeding and eating disorders aimed to increase personalization of management.

Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are a heterogeneous grouping of disorders at the mind-body interface, with typical onset from childhood into emerging adulthood. They occur along a spectrum of disordered eating and compensatory weight management behaviors, and from low to high body weight. Psychiatric comorbidities are the norm.

Experiences of African women who migrate to a developed country and encounter intimate partner violence: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

Objective: The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences of African women who migrated to a developed country and encountered intimate partner violence (IPV).

Introduction: IPV is a significant public health issue, and migrant women living in developed countries are particularly vulnerable to IPV, experiencing disproportionately higher rates of IPV. Understanding the experiences of these women can inform health policy and decision-making in clinical practice to minimize IPV.

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem.

Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity.

Watching Television While Eating Increases Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.

: Television viewing has been linked with increased weight and obesity, likely through decreased physical activity associated with sitting and viewing television, as well as increased intake of food, likely through reduced awareness of eating and intake behaviours. This review sought to determine the effects of television viewing on energy intake relative to the absence of television. : We adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and pre-registered this review in PROSPERO (CRD42023493092).

Menstrual health symptoms and literacy among young women in Aotearoa New Zealand: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Study Objective: To explore menstrual cycle symptoms, information sources and menstrual health literacy in young women (aged 13-25) and those who menstruate in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional online survey in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Participants: 1334 respondents (age 13-25 years, mean age 19.

The Building Blocks for Successful Hub Implementation for Migrant and Refugee Families and Their Children in the First 2000 Days of Life.

Background And Objective: Migrant and refugee women, families, and their children can experience significant language, cultural, and psychosocial barriers to engage with child and family services. Integrated child and family health Hubs are increasingly promoted as a potential solution to address access barriers; however, there is scant literature on how to best implement them with migrant and refugee populations. Our aim was to explore with service providers and consumers the barriers, enablers, and experiences with Hubs and the resulting building blocks required for acceptable Hub implementation for migrant and refugee families.

"Fear of the unknown": Health, disability, and stakeholder perspectives on the behavioral and social drivers of vaccination in children with disability in Fiji.

Vaccinating children with disability in low- and middle-income countries, such as Fiji, is a key priority for equity. This study aimed to understand the social and behavioral drivers of vaccine uptake among children with disability in Fiji, from the perspectives of health, disability, and community stakeholders. Five qualitative focus groups were conducted with 22 stakeholders, including healthcare workers, disability service providers and advocates, and community and faith leaders (female n = 17, 77%).

The mPower (Mother's Power) Initiative: Improving Health Behavior Through Peer Support and Health Literacy for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh.

Background/objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) affects a substantial number of children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. Maternal health literacy is critical to the health and well-being of children with CP, particularly in low-resource settings. In this study, we sought to assess how the mPower (mother's power) community-based intervention impacted mothers' CP-specific knowledge, as well as their utilization of rehabilitation services in rural Bangladesh.

Gender, Mental Health Stigma, and Help-Seeking in Arabic- and Swahili-Speaking Communities in Australia.

Australia is an ethnically diverse nation with large numbers of migrants and refugees entering the country yearly. Despite research demonstrating that individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) communities experience an elevated risk of developing a mental illness, mental health services uptake is consistently low. To improve the mental health outcomes of these CaLD individuals in Australia, there is an urgent need to understand barriers to treatment, such as stigma.

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Anglophone and Francophone West African Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence.

Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) are highly effective forms of preventive medicine in many low- and middle-income countries, including Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. Despite the proven benefits of EIBF and EBF in reducing mortality and morbidity, there is limited systematic evidence from West African countries. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of EIBF and EBF in Anglophone and Francophone West African countries.

Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviors over time in Ethiopia.

Introduction: High-risk fertility behaviors (HRFB), including short birth intervals, early or late childbearing age, and high parity, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the importance of socioeconomic disparity in HRFB and the factors influencing this disparity is essential to improve maternal and child survival, Accordingly, this study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB over time and its contributing factors.

Methods: We included a total weighted sample of 11,163 and 5,527 women aged 15 to 49 years from the 2005 and 2019 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys, respectively.

Whole-body angular momentum during stair ascent and descent in individuals with and without knee osteoarthritis.

Given the higher fall risk and the fatal sequelae of falls on stairs, it is worthwhile to investigate the mechanism of dynamic balance control in individuals with knee osteoarthritis during stair negotiation. Whole-body angular momentum ([Formula: see text]) is widely used as a surrogate to reflect dynamic balance and failure to constrain [Formula: see text] may increase the fall risk. This study aimed to compare the range of [Formula: see text] between people with and without knee osteoarthritis during stair ascent and descent.

Changes to provision of childbirth education during COVID-19 and its implications for ongoing service delivery - An Australian Survey.

Background: Childbirth and parenting education (CBPE) programs provide participants with information about pregnancy and labour and have a multitude of positive health impacts. During COVID-19, many CBPE classes ceased or transitioned to an online format, significantly impacting pregnant women across Australia. Little is known about the provision and delivery of CBPE in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of CBPE educators and hospital managers, regarding its impact on staff and implications for ongoing service delivery.

A prognostic model for predicting functional impairment in youth mental health services.

Background: Functional impairment is a major concern among those presenting to youth mental health services and can have a profound impact on long-term outcomes. Early recognition and prevention for those at risk of functional impairment is essential to guide effective youth mental health care. Yet, identifying those at risk is challenging and impacts the appropriate allocation of indicated prevention and early intervention strategies.

Health economic evaluation alongside randomised clinical trial of a health behaviour intervention to manage type 2 diabetes in Nepal.

Background: Prevention of type 2 diabetes is becoming an urgent public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is currently no evidence of a cost-effective approach of health behaviour interventions from community settings in low-income countries like Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the within-trial economic evaluation of a health behaviour intervention compared with usual care for managing type 2 diabetes in a community setting in Nepal.

Gut Microbiome Changes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background/objectives: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical gastrectomy is the current standard approach for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) in the West. Both NAC and gastrectomy can significantly influence the gut microbiome, potentially leading to clinically significant changes. However, no longitudinal studies to date support this hypothesis.

Living well with advanced cancer: a scoping review of non-pharmacological supportive care interventions.

Purpose: The increasing number of people living longer with advanced cancer presents unique physical, psychosocial, financial, legal, practical and complex care needs. Supportive care interventions aim to address these needs by improving symptom management, promoting wellbeing, enhancing quality of life and potentially improving prognosis. To integrate supportive care interventions into clinical practice, a comprehensive review of existing studies is needed.

Carer Outcomes From a Residential Treatment Service for Eating Disorders.

Objective: Eating disorders often result in distress, relationship impairment, and emotional, social, and financial burden for family members and other loved ones. However, carer outcomes from eating disorder treatment are under-researched, particularly residential settings. This study aimed to examine carer outcomes from a transdiagnostic residential service for eating disorders, which included therapist-led psychoeducation and peer support for carers.

Eyes-open and eyes-closed EEG of older adults with subjective cognitive impairment versus healthy controls: A frequency principal components analysis study.

Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI) is a self-perceived worsening of cognitive decline, carrying an increased risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Due to the self-report nature of SCI, an understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to an increased dementia risk is needed. This study aims to assess the differences in resting state electroencephalography (EEG) (eyes-open, eyes-closed; EO, EC) between older adults with SCI and healthy controls (HCs) utilising frequency principal components analysis (fPCA), a novel data driven approach.

Access to Healthcare for Black Women in Alberta: An Interpersonal-Level Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators.

Alberta is home to one of Canada's fastest growing populations of Black people, driven by an influx of African immigrants to major metropolitan areas such as Edmonton and Calgary. As the Black population in Alberta continues to grow, it is crucial to the well-being of these communities that we understand their health service needs. Black women are a vulnerable group within the Black population due to inequities in social determinants of health such as access to healthcare.

Text message intervention delivered from Australian general practices to improve breast cancer survivors' physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: protocol for the EMPOWER-SMS-GP effectiveness implementation randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Australian breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, partly due to behavioural risk factors, including unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Guidelines recommend health promotion delivered by general practitioners (GPs), but resources (ie, time and funding) are limited. Text message interventions sent from general practice to survivors may offer a low-resource solution but have not been evaluated.