Influence of Different Orthodontic Brackets on Cytokine and Cortisol Profile.

: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires bone remodeling resulting from complex processes of aseptic inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed close interaction between the immune and skeletal systems. In addition, various orthodontic appliances including fixed systems affect the sublingual microbial composition, and the likelihood of developing inflammatory reactions of the gums is high, especially early in the treatment period.

X-RAY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF DENTAL HARD TISSUE TRACE ELEMENTS (ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION).

The role of trace elements (microelements) in maintaining oral health has not been fully investigated and still remains the subject of research and discussion. Some trace elements contribute to the development of caries, while others, on the contrary, prevent formation of this process and accelerate the restoration of dental hard tissues. Penetration of trace elements into human dental structures via saliva, food, water and other routes contributes to the formation of carious diseases, or, conversely, its cessation and/or regression.

[CARIES GENESIS IN THE ERA OF "OMICS"].

The search for an understanding of the genesis of tooth decay spans millennia. Streptococcus mutans have been proposed as the main etiological agents of dental cariessince the species discovery in 1924. However "Omics" era has provided a unique opportunity to unravel contemporary paradigms in the etiology of dental caries.

FREQUENCY OF PRESENCE OF PERIODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN THE PERIODONTAL POCKETS.

The study is aimd at detection the pathogenic markers: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomit, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Prevotella Intermedia, Tannerella Forsythia and Treponema Denticola, identify their types, qualitative content and encounter frequency in periodontal pockets of the patients with generalized periodontitis, stage II (A or B level), before and after treatment with mechanical forms of therapy - Ultrasound, Vector or Laser Therapy . The material has been studied by using Micro-Ident biological method based on DNA-Strip technology. The surveyed 25 patients (women - 75% and men - 25%), 20 to 60 years of age, were divided into the three groups: group I treatment with Ultrasound scaler (n=9), group II treatment with Ultrasound Scaler and Diode laser (n=8), group III treatment with Ultrasound Scaler and Vector Sistem (n=8).

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN NASAL AND ORONASAL BREATHING MODES.

Aim of the study was to assess electrophysiologic characteristics of masticatory muscles, right and left temporalis and right and left masseter, in nasal and oronasal breathing modes. The study was conducted on the group of 30 female volunteers who were referred to the clinic for orthodontic problems. Conflict of interests was ruled out.

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN NASAL AND ORAL BREATHING MODES.

Type of breathing (nasal, oral, oronasal) can turn out to be a causative factor for (or result of) orthodontic anomalies alongside the respiratory-metabolic disorders. Consequently, assessment of functional characteristics of the masticatory apparatus, which differ in oral and nasal breathing modes, could be of interest for the evaluation of the degree of orthodontic dysfunction and formation of an effective individualized treatment plan. Aim of the study was to assess electrophysiologic characteristics of the masticatory muscles bilaterally in nasal and oral breathing modes.

EVALUATION OF THREE OBTURATION TECHNIQUES IN THE APICAL PART OF ROOT CANAL.

The purpose of endodontic treatment is root canal preparation, irrigation and reliable filling. If this procedure results in quality tooth restoration, then long-term tooth function is guaranteed. All stages of the endodontic treatment process are important, but the final treatment procedure is root canal obturation, in which the dentist discusses the intended purpose.

TEETH IMPACTION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS.

The aim of the study was investigation of statistics of impaction and semi-impaction in permanent dentition in the population of Georgia, revealing the correlation and feedback of expressed adentia and retention in different groups of teeth. Study was also aimed to determine any regularity in reduction of tooth number of the skeleto-dental system. To comply with this goal, 1000 panoramic images of patients, from 12 to 35 years of age 651 women and 349 men have been examined.

EFFICIENCY OF CHELATING IRRIGATION AGENTS FOR REMOVING A LUBRICATED DENTIN LAYER OF ROOT CANAL.

The study is aimed at investigating the smear layer, formed on the walls of dental root canals as a result of endodontic treatment, by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and determining its removal and/or modification quality after applying water solution of 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and gel. 50 extracted teeth preliminary prepared using Step-Back technique has been studied. Experimental teeth were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: control group (20 teeth), study group I (15 teeth) and study group II (15 teeth), respectively, irrigated by water solution of 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

CLINICAL PROTOCOLS: PREPARATION, IMPRESSION AND BONDING OF ALL-CERAMIC GLASS-BASED DISILICATE LITHIUM CROWNS: REVIEW AND CASE REPORT.

Using contemporary materials and techniques, nowadays we can offer the patients much needed restorations while achieving the desired aesthetics. The maxillary incisors are supremely important in the appearance of a smile. By establishing proper size, contours, vitality, translucency and relationship with the surrounding teeth and soft tissue, we can help create the smile of their dream.

DISTRIBUTION OF CARIOUS AND NON-CARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS AND GINGIVAL RECESSION AT AGE RELATED ASPECTS.

The current study aims at differentiating carious and/or non-carious diseases developed in Class 5 region and detecting the distribution rate at the age aspects. The study was conducted at the Dental Clinicand Educational-Research Center "Unident" LTD and Dental Clinic "Dens". 256 patients were involved in the study.

ANATOMO-MORPHOLOGICAL FEUTURES OF THE ROOT CANAL SYSTEM IN GEORGIAN POPULATION - CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY.

Incomplete and superficial knowledge of morphological types and anatomical variations of the root canal system will become the reason leading to the failure of endodontic treatment. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) - it is a technologically more sophisticated, interesting, reliable, non-invasive imaging technique with high degree of visualization, considered as a particularly important and useful tool to study complexity and variability of canal system. 2753 teeth of 228 patients have been studied by CT.

The maxillary second molar - anatomical variations (case report).

To be acquainted with dental anatomical specificity is of great importance for dental endodontic treatment algorithm. The subject of present publication is 2 clinical cases of upper second molars, detailed characterization of, which is considered very important for enrichment of anatomical knowledge about dental anatomical variations. In one case, the reason for admission to the clinic of a 38-year-old woman was complains as of esthetic character as well as functional misbalance (disturbance of chewing function due to the damage of orthopedic construction).

Investigation of functional activity human dental pulp stem cells at acute and chronic pulpitis.

Unlabelled: It is already recognized that together with the other connective tissues organ-specific progenic stem cells are also found in postnatal dental pulp. This group of undifferentiated cells is only 1% of total cell population of the pulp. The aim of the study was the identification of stem cells in human dental pulp, detection of their localization and assessment of functional activity during inflammation process and/or at norm.

Isolation of dentin tissue by usinga new liner biodentine at management of simulated experimental caries.

The aim of our study was the use of different types of isolation systems in the treatment of experimentally simulated dental caries that will allow to present additional comparative characteristic for morphological responses of the pulp.For realization of this purpose, 3 systems have been selected: UltraBlend (Ultradent), Biodentine (Septodont) and adhesive system Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply). The study was conducted at the laboratory of Alexander Natishvili Institute of Morphology.

Gemination or fusion? - challenge for dental practitioners (case study).

Gemination and fusion are anomalies in size, shape and structure of teeth. Gemination more frequently affects the primary teeth, but it may occur in permanent dentitions, usually in the incisor region. Geminated teeth are typically disfigured in appearance due to irregularities of the enamel.

Peculiarities of the anatomo-morphological parameters of teeth and root canals in permanent dentition in Georgian population.

One of the main reasons that cause the failure of endodontic treatment is the lack of knowledge of complex anatomy of the tooth cavity. Numerous studies over the years have established a complex structure of the tooth root system, a particular configuration of which determines the uniqueness of each tooth.Numerous researches have laid the foundation for anatomical and morphological peculiarities of root system of the tooth, their classification and nomenclature indices.

Articaine - the best choice of local anesthetic in contemporary dentistry.

Local anesthesia forms the foundation of pain control techniques in clinical dentistry. Within the rich local anesthetic drugs available in dentistry for the prevention and management of pain 4% articaine solutions achieve highest level of anesthetic potency and lowest systemic toxicity in all clinical situations, prior to its superlative physicochemical characteristics and the pharmacological profile. These are - low lipid solubility, high plasma protein binding rate, fast metabolization, fast elimination half time; low blood level.

Cementing porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns.

The clinical success of fixed prosthodontic restorations can be complex and involve multifaceted procedures. Preparation design, oral hygiene/micro flora, mechanical forces, and restorative materials are only a few of the factors which contribute to overall success. One key factor to success is choosing the proper cement.

Main concepts of dentin adhesion (review).

This review examines fundamental concepts in bonding to dentin. Emphasis is placed on the structure and permeability characteristics of dentin and how they may influence its interaction with adhesive resin. Several new techniques to examine the interfaces between resin and dentin are reviewed along with some of their limitations.